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A new amide dimer (1), a new labdane-type diterpene (2), and 18 known compounds were isolated from the seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses and comparison with previously reported spectral date. The absolute configurations of compound 2 was established by analysis of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. In vitro bioassays, none of them were cytotoxic to 4T1, but five compounds exhibited cytotoxicity to LN229 cells with IC 50 <25 μM. [Display omitted] • Two new compounds were isolated from Silybum marianum Gaertn. along with eighteen known compounds. • Three pairs of isomers were isolated from Silybum marianum Gaertn. • Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity with IC 50 values of 15.95 ± 1.34 μM and 22.43 ± 1.24 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven monoterpenoids were isolated and elucidated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora , including two new derivatives (1 and 2), along with five known compounds (3 - 7). The structures of the new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by HR-ESI-MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Moreover, all isolates were tested for their neuroprotective activities against H 2 O 2 -induced injury in PC12 cells. As a result, compound 5 displayed moderate neuroprotective activity and increased PC12 cell viability from 50 ± 2.52 % to 73 ± 1.54 % at 100 μ M. [Display omitted] • Two new derivatives were obtained from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. • The two new derivatives along with the five known ones are all monoterpenoids. • Compound 5 (galloylpaeoniflorin) showed better neuroprotective activity with cell viability which was 73 ± 1.54 % at 100 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five schinortriterpenoids and seven lignans, were isolated from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis , including one undescribed schinortriterpenoid, schinensilactone C (1), one new lignan, schinlignan H (3), together with 20- epi -schilancitrilactone A (2) obtained as a natural product. Their structures were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data including MS, IR, 1D- and 2D NMR spectra. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and that of the biphenyl ring in 3 was assigned by CD spectroscopy. Compounds 6 , 9 and 11 are reported from Schisandra for the first time. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against LN299 cell line, (with doxorubicin as the positive control, IC 50 = 0.49 μ M), and compound 4 exhibited significant activity with an IC 50 value of 0.36 μ M. [Display omitted] • Two undescribed compounds and a new natural product were obtained from the leaves of Schisandra chinensis. • The three compounds are schinortriterpenoids and dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan. • The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. • Compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity with IC 50 value of 0.36 μ M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LSC protected against Parkinson's disease; • LSC promotes mitophagy by targeting TRPV1 and activating AMPK/mTOR; • LSC promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype via TRPV1/NRLP3 pathway. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (S. chinensis), a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is renowned for its distinctive medicinal attributes and is commonly employed in the treatment of disorders affecting the CNS. The potential therapeutic effects of a lignan-enriched extract derived from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (LSC) on PD is assessed, which focuses on its mechanisms of action in addressing neuroinflammation. The LSC has been obtained by purifying the ethyl alcohol extract of S. chinensis. The Orbitrap-MS method has been employed to analyze the chemical composition of the LSC. In LPS-induced BV2 cells, LSC-induced changes in M1/M2 type inflammatory cytokines have been examined using the Griess reaction, Elisa, JC-1, flow cytometry, IF, and WB methods. A model of PD has been established by treatment of MPTP in C57BL/6 mice. The effect of LSC on behavioral changes, inflammatory factor levels, expression of TH and IBA-1, and production of autophagy in the midbrain has been investigated by TEM, immunohistochemistry, Elisa, and WB. LSC has relieved sports injuries and pathological damage, and targeted the TRPV1-AMPK-NLRP3 signaling pathway, which affected neuroinflammation and autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro investigations demonstrated that LSC has activated M1/M2 transformation, its related inflammatory factors, and protein expressions of the NLRP3-Caspase1 signaling pathway in LPS-BV2 cells. The research notably demonstrated that the LSC promoted autophagy and suppressed inflammation through targeting TRPV1. In the investigation, LSC focused on TRPV1 and controlled neuroinflammation-autophagy by regulating AMPK-NLRP3, which has been proven for the first time. The study has presented molecular data supporting the use of LSC in treating PD and offers references for developing drugs. Remarkably, LSC has the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic or health medication that could significantly decrease PD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the 70%-EtOH extract of the roots of Datura metel L., along with thirty-six knowns (4–39). Their chemical structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. Compounds 7 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 19 - 23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , and 34 were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time and compounds 4 , 5 , 9 , 17 , 18 , and 26 were firstly isolated from the genus Datura. Moreover, compounds 1 , 5 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 37 , and 39 showed potential anti-inflammatory activities (IC 50 <45 μM). [Display omitted] • 3 new and 36 know compounds were isolated from D. metel. • Fifteen compounds were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time and six compounds were firstly isolated from the genus Datura. • Compound 5 showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]