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6. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate, an industrial and sustainable opportunity for Northwest of England.

Author

Lang, William Thomas, Mehta, Sulaiman Adam, Thomas, Mischelle Mary, Openshaw, Dillon, Westgate, Ewan, and Bagnato, Giuseppe

Subjects
CHEMICAL recycling, POLYETHYLENE terephthalate, SUSTAINABLE development, STARTUP costs, SUSTAINABILITY, CHEMICAL reactions
Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplastic polymer which is the most used polyester in the plastics industry in the present day. It is predominately used to construct clothes fibres and food containers due to its properties. The problems surrounding this phenomenon are the basis for the decision to produce this plant facility. An alternative method of recycling PET is to perform a chemical reaction. Eight initial reaction routes were identified and narrowed down to three final processes according to their economic viability and sustainability: methanolysis, glycolysis and hydrolysis. These three processes were evaluated using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) method by considering the effect each reaction has on the local community, environment, and economic potential. It was identified that glycolysis was the most suitable process due to its significant initial economic potential of 21.15 M$/year calculated from the product and raw material costs. The reaction routes available for this process were researched and a final route was decided based on the operation costs and sustainability opportunities that the individual units offer. At the end of the economic evaluation for the process, it is determined that a profit value of 13.24 M$/year can be obtained with a post-tax profit of 6.35 M$/year. The equipment cost is evaluated as $6.63 M with employability of 28 people. The start-up cost for the process will be $2.4 M with a return on investment of 36% and a payback time of 3.5 years. • Economic evaluation for the glycolysis process with profit value of 13.24 M$/year. • The start-up cost for the process will be $2.4 M. • Return on investment of 36% and a payback time of 3.5 years. • Global worming potential −2.29·10−13 kg/yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. Retinal changes in rabbit after intravitreal injection of sunitinib encapsulated into solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanocapsules.

Author

de Freitas, Luiz Guilherme Azevedo, Isaac, David Leonardo Cruvinel, Lima, Eliana Martins, Souza, Leonardo Gomes, Abud, Murilo Alves, dos Reis, Ricardo Gomes, Tannure, William Thomas, and de Ávila, Marcos Pereira

Subjects
NANOCAPSULES, NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY, RETINAL degeneration, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents, EYE drops
Abstract

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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8. A manifold neural population code for space in hippocampal coactivity dynamics independent of place fields

Author

Levy, Eliott Robert Joseph, Carrillo-Segura, Simón, Park, Eun Hye, Redman, William Thomas, Hurtado, José Rafael, Chung, SueYeon, and Fenton, André Antonio

Abstract

Hippocampus place cell discharge is temporally unreliable across seconds and days, and place fields are multimodal, suggesting an “ensemble cofiring” spatial coding hypothesis with manifold dynamics that does not require reliable spatial tuning, in contrast to hypotheses based on place field (spatial tuning) stability. We imaged mouse CA1 (cornu ammonis 1) ensembles in two environments across three weeks to evaluate these coding hypotheses. While place fields “remap,” being more distinct between than within environments, coactivity relationships generally change less. Decoding location and environment from 1-s ensemble location-specific activity is effective and improves with experience. Decoding environment from cell-pair coactivity relationships is also effective and improves with experience, even after removing place tuning. Discriminating environments from 1-s ensemble coactivity relies crucially on the cells with the most anti-coactive cell-pair relationships because activity is internally organized on a low-dimensional manifold of non-linear coactivity relationships that intermittently reregisters to environments according to the anti-cofiring subpopulation activity.

Published
2023
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9. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate, an industrial and sustainable opportunity for Northwest of England

Author

Lang, William Thomas, Mehta, Sulaiman Adam, Thomas, Mischelle Mary, Openshaw, Dillon, Westgate, Ewan, and Bagnato, Giuseppe

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a thermoplastic polymer which is the most used polyester in the plastics industry in the present day. It is predominately used to construct clothes fibres and food containers due to its properties. The problems surrounding this phenomenon are the basis for the decision to produce this plant facility. An alternative method of recycling PET is to perform a chemical reaction. Eight initial reaction routes were identified and narrowed down to three final processes according to their economic viability and sustainability: methanolysis, glycolysis and hydrolysis. These three processes were evaluated using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) method by considering the effect each reaction has on the local community, environment, and economic potential. It was identified that glycolysis was the most suitable process due to its significant initial economic potential of 21.15 M$/year calculated from the product and raw material costs. The reaction routes available for this process were researched and a final route was decided based on the operation costs and sustainability opportunities that the individual units offer. At the end of the economic evaluation for the process, it is determined that a profit value of 13.24 M$/year can be obtained with a post-tax profit of 6.35 M$/year. The equipment cost is evaluated as $6.63 M with employability of 28 people. The start-up cost for the process will be $2.4 M with a return on investment of 36% and a payback time of 3.5 years.

Published
2023
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10. Problem-Based Learning and the Training of Secondary Social Studies Teachers: A Case Study of Candidate Perceptions during their Field Experience.

Author

Wynn Sr., Charles T. and Okie, William Thomas

Subjects
PROBLEM-based learning, CRITICAL thinking, STUDENT teachers, EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements, WRITING ability testing, SOCIAL sciences education in universities & colleges
Abstract

We present results of a case study in which we analyzed the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) and cognitive scaffolding techniques introduced in our secondary social studies methods course on the perceptions and practices of 12 preservice teachers (PSTs) during their fall practicum and spring student teaching. Our PSTs reported teaching 54 PBL lessons and identified factors that encouraged their use of PBL: methods course PBL experiences; improved student exam scores and writing skills, increased engagement; and improved collaborative, deliberative, and cognitive skills. Discouraging factors included the time and effort to plan PBL lessons, coverage demands, and standardized testing. Findings suggest that PBL methodology, supported by professorial modeling and metacognitive training, had a transformative impact on our PSTs in terms of how they perceived their relationship with their students, the student outcomes they sought to facilitate, and their operational understanding the goals of social studies education offered by the National Council for the Social Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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11. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Bernier, Antoine-Darveau, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr, Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas, Robert E., Jr, Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., El Hamel, Zaky, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., García Marín, Macarena, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karoline, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr, Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., G. Flores Lui, Sarah Marie, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., R. Myers, Fred Richard, Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Nota, Antonella, O’Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O’Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O’Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O’Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N.-Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr, Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Quispe Neira, Irma Aracely, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia J., Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Gregory L., Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr, Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Jr, Hervey Stockman, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Tam Litten, Oi In, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Vinh Truong, Justin Hoang, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Vila Costas, Maria Begoña, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr, Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.

Published
2023
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12. Parenting and SES: relative values or enduring principles?

Author

Roubinov, Danielle S and Boyce, William Thomas

Abstract

•The relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and parenting is complex.•Factors that may mediate or moderate the SES-parenting relation are understudied.•Along the SES gradient, variability in parental mental health, resource access, childrearing knowledge, and cultural values may shape parenting practices.•Understanding links between SES and parenting may inform interventions for families from disadvantaged environments.

Published
2017
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13. AMon - a User-Friendly Job Monitoring for the Grid.

Author

Priol, Thierry, Vanneschi, Marco, Müller-Pfefferkorn, Ralph, Neumann, Reinhard, and William, Thomas

Abstract

To process large amounts of data, in some fields of science hundreds or thousands of single jobs are submitted into a Grid. Monitoring the enormous numbers of jobs and their resource usage in such environments (like the LCG/gLite middleware) effectively becomes an important issue for the users. Current tools in LCG / gLite provide only limited value to the user as they are often simple command line applications only. Keeping an eye on large number of jobs can thus become quite painful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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15. Hollywood Accounting: Technologies of Surveillance, Knowledge and Power in Paramount Budget Documents, 1927–58

Author

McClain, William Thomas

Abstract

Film production at Paramount Pictures during the so-called classical era required the mobilisation of massive material and human capital that depended on institutional systems of surveillance, knowledge creation and control ranging from departmental affiliations to the pre-printed budget forms. This article focuses on those pre-printed budget forms as technologies of knowledge and power, revealing that the necessities of creating and managing coalitions of expert labourers created alternative power centres and spaces where being the object of surveillance was itself a source of power. It concludes by discussing the implications of this ecology for the historiography of Hollywood.

Published
2015
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16. Intravitreal bevacizumab combined with infliximab in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: case report series.

Author

DE FREITAS, LUIZ GUILHERME AZEVEDO, CRUVINEL ISAAC, DAVID LEONARDO, TANNURE, WILLIAM THOMAS, RASSI GABRIEL, LUÍS ALEXANDRE, DOS REIS, RICARDO GOMES, RICARDO RASSI, ALA N., DE FREITAS, CLOVIS ARCOVERDE, and DE ÁVILA, MARCOS PEREIRA

Subjects
BEVACIZUMAB, CHOROID diseases, INFLIXIMAB, RETINAL degeneration, OPTICAL coherence tomography, NEOVASCULARIZATION inhibitors
Abstract

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2013
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17. Between a Treaty and Not: A Case Study of the Legal Value of Diplomatic Assurances in Expulsion Cases.

Author

Worster, William Thomas

Subjects
DEPORTATION, OBEDIENCE (Law), TREATIES, PENAL colonies, ACTIONS & defenses (Law), LEGAL procedure
Abstract

The article presents information on a study which determines the legal value of diplomatic assurances in expulsion cases. It discusses legality of obligation by the state regarding treatment of individuals returned to them and mentions methodology for determining which obligations are legal under the law of treaties. It also discusses the background of the legal environment of diplomatic assurances and their use in cases of expulsion, and diplomatic assurances as binding unilateral statements.

Published
2012

20. De novotranscript sequence reconstruction from RNA-seq using the Trinity platform for reference generation and analysis

Author

Haas, Brian J, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Yassour, Moran, Grabherr, Manfred, Blood, Philip D, Bowden, Joshua, Couger, Matthew Brian, Eccles, David, Li, Bo, Lieber, Matthias, MacManes, Matthew D, Ott, Michael, Orvis, Joshua, Pochet, Nathalie, Strozzi, Francesco, Weeks, Nathan, Westerman, Rick, William, Thomas, Dewey, Colin N, Henschel, Robert, LeDuc, Richard D, Friedman, Nir, and Regev, Aviv

Abstract

De novoassembly of RNA-seq data enables researchers to study transcriptomes without the need for a genome sequence; this approach can be usefully applied, for instance, in research on 'non-model organisms' of ecological and evolutionary importance, cancer samples or the microbiome. In this protocol we describe the use of the Trinity platform for de novotranscriptome assembly from RNA-seq data in non-model organisms. We also present Trinity-supported companion utilities for downstream applications, including RSEM for transcript abundance estimation, R/Bioconductor packages for identifying differentially expressed transcripts across samples and approaches to identify protein-coding genes. In the procedure, we provide a workflow for genome-independent transcriptome analysis leveraging the Trinity platform. The software, documentation and demonstrations are freely available from http://trinityrnaseq.sourceforge.net. The run time of this protocol is highly dependent on the size and complexity of data to be analyzed. The example data set analyzed in the procedure detailed herein can be processed in less than 5 h.

Published
2013
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21. Impact of the 2011 FDA Transvaginal Mesh Safety Update on AUGS Members’ Use of Synthetic Mesh and Biologic Grafts in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery

Author

Clemons, Jeffrey L., Weinstein, Milena, Guess, Marsha K., Alperin, Marianna, Moalli, Pamela, Gregory, William Thomas, Lukacz, Emily S., Sung, Vivian W., Chen, Bertha H., and Bradley, Catherine S.

Abstract

To describe the frequency of use and recent change in use of synthetic mesh and biologic grafts in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence surgery by American Urogynecology Society (AUGS) members.

Published
2013
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22. Newspaper Agendas and Political Elites.

Author

Gormley Jr., William Thomas

Subjects
MASS media, POLITICAL elites, LEGISLATORS
Abstract

Investigates the agenda-setting power of the mass media and political elites in North Carolina. Relationship between an aggregate media and public agenda; Exposure of the state senators to the issue priorities of newspapers; Emphasis of the newspapers to temporary controversies.

Published
1975
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23. Patient-Centered Collaborative Care: The Impact of a New Approach to Postpartum Rounds on Residents' Perception of Their Work Environment

Author

Baldwin, Maureen, Hashima, Jason, Guise, Jeanne-Marie, Gregory, William Thomas, Edelman, Alison, and Segel, Sally

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveAt our institution, traditional postpartum rounds consisted of separate visits from all members of the obstetric team. This led to patient care inefficiencies and miscommunication. In an effort to improve patient care, patient-centered collaborative care (PCCC) was established, whereby physicians, residents, medical students, nurses, case managers, and social workers conduct rounds as a team. The goal of this observational study was to evaluate how PCCC rounds affected resident physicians' assessment of their work environment.MethodsObstetrics and gynecology residents completed a 13-question written survey designed to assess their sense of workflow, education, and workplace cohesion. Surveys were completed before and 6 months after the implementation of PCCC. Responses were compared in aggregate for preintervention and postintervention with Pearson χ2test.ResultsNinety-two percent of the obstetrics residents (n  23) completed the preintervention survey, and 79 (n  19) completed the postintervention survey. For most measures, there was no difference in resident perception between the 2 time points. After implementation of PCCC rounds, fewer residents felt that rounds were educational (preintervention  39, postintervention  7; P  .03).ConclusionResidents did not report negative impacts on workflow, cohesion, or general well-being after the implementation of PCCC rounds. However, there was a perception that PCCC rounds negatively impacted the educational value of postpartum rounds. This information will help identify ways to improve the resident physician experience in the obstetric service while optimizing patient care.

Published
2010
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24. A New Approach to Postpartum Rounds: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care Improves Efficiency

Author

Segel, Sally, Hashima, Jason, Gregory, William Thomas, Edelman, Alison, Li, Hong, and Guise, Jeanne-Marie

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveAt our institution, traditional postpartum rounds were time consuming and inefficient with a low percentage (approximately 12) of patients meeting the goal of being discharged by 11:00 am. A patient-centered collaborative care (PCCC) initiative was implemented to improve discharge efficiency, staff communication, and patient satisfaction. We investigated whether this paradigm shift to PCCC could improve clinical inefficiencies and timely discharge.MethodsThe PCCC rounding system was created by a representative group of physicians, residents, nurses, case managers, and social workers. An intervention study was conducted to examine the impact of PCCC during which physicians, residents, medical students, nurses, case managers, and social workers made rounds together. Efficiency data were collected for patients whose infants were delivered by the obstetric service for a 1-month period before and 6 months after implementing PCCC. Comparisons were made on the time of discharge and whether Foley catheter removal affected discharge time. χ2test, Wilcoxon 2-sample test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used where appropriate.ResultsThree hundred five patients were included in this analysis, of which 156 participated in traditional postpartum rounds and 149 in PCCC rounds. Discharge efficiency significantly improved with PCCC rounds, with 20.8 of patients being discharged by 11:00 amas compared to 11.5 for traditional postpartum rounds (P  .03). Early Foley catheter removal was significantly associated with time to discharge order (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.22; P  .01) and discharge time (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.28; P  .002).ConclusionsPatient-centered collaborative care rounds improve the efficiency of postpartum care and discharge time.

Published
2010
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27. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment of a 26-Year-Old Woman With Bell's Palsy

Author

Lancaster, David G. and Crow, William Thomas

Abstract

Bell's palsy is caused by a lesion of the facial nerve and results in unilateral paralysis or paresis of the face. The condition affects approximately 23 in 100,000 persons, with onset typically occurring between the ages of 10 and 40 years. The authors report the case of a 26-year-old woman with Bell's palsy, whom they treated with osteopathic manipulative treatment that was focused on the enhancement of lymphatic circulation. The osteopathic manipulative procedures used involved reducing restrictions around four key diaphragms (thoracic outlet, respiratory diaphragm, suboccipital diaphragm, cerebellar tentorium), as well as applying the throracic pump, muscle energy, primary respiratory mechanism, and osteopathy in the cranial field. The authors, who were guided by the four principles of osteopathic philosophy, report that the patient's symptoms resolved within 2 weeks, during which two sessions of osteopathic manipulative treatment, each lasting approximately 20 minutes, were held. Patient recovery occurred without the use of pharmaceuticals.

Published
2006
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28. MR. BALDWIN'S SECOND MINISTRY.

Author

Morgan, William Thomas

Subjects
HEADS of state, CABINET officers, CABINET system, BRITISH prime ministers
Abstract

This article looks at the second term of Stanley Baldwin as British Prime Minister. Labor seems to be drawing toward Lloyd George at the same moment that the Liberal Party is making a wide appeal to the people with their extensive and well-written Industrial report, which has recently appeared. Each party needs the other. If a Liberal-Labor combination fights the coming election against the Conservatives, it will be one of the most interesting elections in British annals, especially so since the carrying through of the flapper franchise. Political life in the provinces has been in a state of suspended animation for three years. Even at Westminster attendance has been fitful, and the members listless. A blight has settled over parliamentary deliberations. Britishers, however, insist upon taking their politics as well as their religion seriously, and they will not long endure this state of affairs. By the middle of 1929, the masses may have the opportunity of saying at the polls with what patience they have endured Baldwin's stoic calm, and the recalcitrancy of his followers, who even on the eve of an election, show a disposition to get out of hand over the tariff issue. Some three million of flappers may well decide the issue. What a joke that would prove to be at the expense of the proud Englishman, who has always prided himself upon being master of his own house?

Published
1928

30. The Effect of Undergraduate GPA Selectivity Adjustment on Pre‐interview Ranking of Rural Medical School Applicants

Author

Gilbert, Gregory Eastham, Blue, Amy Victoria, and Jr, William Thomas Basco

Abstract

Abstract: Context:The ongoing need to attract more physicians into rural practice is well documented, and medical school admission practices are a critical component of a multistep effort to produce rural practitioners. Purpose:This study was completed to evaluate whether the practice of adjusting for the selectivity of the undergraduate school attended by medical school applicants has a detrimental effect on the pre‐interview rankings of rural applicants. Methods:Applicants to the Medical University of South Carolina from 1996 through 1999 were the subjects. Applicant preinterview scores were calculated with and without the adjustment to grade point average (GPA) for selectivity. Findings:There were 2033 in‐state applicants in 1996 through 1999, and 8.5% to 9.7% were from rural areas. The selectivity adjustment resulted in 1 less rural applicant gaining an admission interview in 2 cohorts, 1 additional rural applicant gaining an admission interview in 1 cohort, and no difference in the other cohort. Conclusion:Adjusting undergraduate GPAs of medical school applicants based on undergraduate selectivity did not adversely affect the number of rural applicants offered admission interviews.

Published
2003
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32. Resection of soft tissue sarcomas with intra-operative magnetic resonance guidance

Author

Gould, Stuart William Thomas, Agarwal, Tushar, Benoist, Stéphane, Patel, Bijen, Gedroyc, Wadislaw, and Darzi, Ara

Abstract

To report on a preliminary series of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided sarcoma resections. Three patients with the skin sarcoma dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans underwent MR-guided resection. The extent of the tumor at MR imaging was greater in each case than suggested by clinical examination. Adequate resection margins were planned using short Tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences and intra-operative imaging was used to confirm complete tumor excision. Histological examination confirmed clear surgical margins of at least 1 cm in each case. We believe this technique may reduce the incidence of specimen margins positive for tumor following resection, and consequently reduce the need for further excisional surgery. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:114–119. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2002
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33. Differential effects of acute and short‐term lithium administration on dialysate glutamate and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of the conscious rat

Author

Antonelli, Tiziana, Ferioli, Vittorio, Lo Gallo, Giovanni, Tomasini, Maria Cristina, Fernandez, Mercedes, O'Connor, William Thomas, Glennon, Jeffrey Colm, Tanganelli, Sergio, and Ferraro, Luca

Abstract

In the present study, we employed in vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the awake rat to investigate the effects of acuteand short‐term(twice daily, 3 days) lithium chloride administration (1, 2, and 4 meq/kg, s.c.) on local dialysate glutamate and GABA levels. Acute lithium (1 meq/kg) failed to influence cortical glutamate levels while the higher (2 and 4 meq/kg) doses increased (+38 ± 6% of basal levels) and reduced (‐27 ± 4%) cortical glutamate levels, respectively. Cortical GABA levels were affected by acute lithium only at the highest 4 meq/kg dose (+62 ± 6%). Furthermore, these effects were prevented by tetrodotoxin (1 μM) and low‐calcium (0.2 mM) medium perfusion. Following short‐term administration, lithium increased (+58 ± 4%) cortical dialysate glutamate levels at the 1 meq/kg dose, was ineffective at 2 meq/kg, while the effect of the 4 meq/kg dose was similar to that observed after acute administration. Interestingly, intracortical perfusion with the GABABreceptor antagonist CGP 35348 (100 μM) reversed the acute lithium (4 meq/kg)‐induced decrease in glutamate levels. Taken together, these findings indicate a differential dose and duration dependent effect of lithium on cortical dialysate glutamate levels involving both a direct enhancement and an indirect inhibition that is mediated via an activation of local GABABreceptor. These findings may be relevant for the therapeutic effects of the drug. Synapse 38:355–362, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2000
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34. Differential effects of acute and short-term lithium administration on dialysate glutamate and GABA levels in the frontal cortex of the conscious rat

Author

Antonelli, Tiziana, Ferioli, Vittorio, Gallo, Giovanni Lo, Tomasini, Maria Cristina, Fernandez, Mercedes, O'Connor, William Thomas, Glennon, Jeffrey Colm, and Tanganelli, Sergio

Abstract

In the present study, we employed in vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the awake rat to investigate the effects of acute and short-term (twice daily, 3 days) lithium chloride administration (1, 2, and 4 meq/kg, s.c.) on local dialysate glutamate and GABA levels. Acute lithium (1 meq/kg) failed to influence cortical glutamate levels while the higher (2 and 4 meq/kg) doses increased (+38 ± 6% of basal levels) and reduced (-27 ± 4%) cortical glutamate levels, respectively. Cortical GABA levels were affected by acute lithium only at the highest 4 meq/kg dose (+62 ± 6%). Furthermore, these effects were prevented by tetrodotoxin (1 μM) and low-calcium (0.2 mM) medium perfusion. Following short-term administration, lithium increased (+58 ± 4%) cortical dialysate glutamate levels at the 1 meq/kg dose, was ineffective at 2 meq/kg, while the effect of the 4 meq/kg dose was similar to that observed after acute administration. Interestingly, intracortical perfusion with the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 35348 (100 μM) reversed the acute lithium (4 meq/kg)-induced decrease in glutamate levels. Taken together, these findings indicate a differential dose and duration dependent effect of lithium on cortical dialysate glutamate levels involving both a direct enhancement and an indirect inhibition that is mediated via an activation of local GABAB receptor. These findings may be relevant for the therapeutic effects of the drug. Synapse 38:355–362, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
2000
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35. Alterações retinianas apresentadas em pacientes portadores de hemoglobinopatia falciforme atendidos em um Serviço Universitário de Oftalmologia.

Author

De Freitas, Luiz Guilherme Azevedo, Isaac, David Leonardo Cruvinel, Tannure, William Thomas, Da Silva Lima, Elisa Vieira, Abud, Murilo Batista, Tavares, Renato Sampaio, De Freitas, Clovis Arcoverde, and De Ávila, Marcos Pereira

Subjects
SICKLE cell anemia, UNIVERSITY hospitals, HEMOGLOBINS, RETINAL detachment, HEMORRHAGE, HEMOGLOBINOPATHY, CELL proliferation
Abstract

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2011
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36. The antinarcoleptic drug modafinil increases glutamate release in thalamic areas and hippocampus

Author

Ferraro, Luca, Antonelli, Tiziana, O'Connor, William Thomas, Tanganelli, Sergio, Rambert, Francis, and Fuxe, Kjell

Abstract

THE antinarcoleptic drug modafinil [(diphenyl-methyl)sulfinyl-2-acetamide; Modiodal] dose-dependently inhibits the activity of GABA neurons in the cerebral cortex and in the nucleus accumbens, as well as in sleep-related brain areas such as the medial preoptic area and the posterior hypothalamus. This study examined the effects of modafinil (30–300 mg/kg, i.p.) on dialysate glutamate and GABA levels in the ventromedial (VMT) and ventrolateral (VLT) thalamus and hippocampal formation (Hip) of the awake rat. The results show a maximal increase in glutamate release in these brain regions at the 100 mg/kg dose, associated with a lack of effect on GABA release. Thus modafinil may increase excitatory glutamatergic transmission in these regions, altering the balance between glutamate and GABA transmission.

Published
1997

37. Differential Effects of lntrastriatal Neurotensin(1–13) and Neurotensin(8–13) on Striatal Dopamine and Pallidal GABA Release. A Dual‐probe Microdialysis Study in the Awake Rat

Author

Ferraro, Luca, O'Connor, William Thomas, Antonelli, Tiziana, Fuxe, Kjell, and Tanganelli, Sergio

Abstract

In the present dual‐probe microdialysis study the effects of intrastriatal perfusion with the tridecapeptide neurotensin(1–13) [NT(1–13)] and its active fragment NT(8–13) on striatopallidal GABA and striatal dopamine release were investigated. The modulatory action of NT(1–13) on D2receptor‐mediated inhibition of striatal and pallidal GABA release was also studied. Both intrastriatal NT(1–13) (100 nM) and NT(8–13) (100 nM) increased striatal (139 and 149% respectively) and pallidal (130 and 164%) GABA release, and this effect was antagonized by intrastriatal perfusion with the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR48692 (100 nM). A similar increase (155%) in striatal dopamine release was observed following intrastriatal NT(1–13) (100 nM), but not NT(8–13) (100 and 500 nM). However, at the highest concentration studied (1 μM) NT(8–13) was associated with a rapid increase (130%) in striatal dopamine release. In a second study intrastriatal NT(1–13) (10 nM) counteracted the inhibition of striatal and pallidal GABA release induced by pergolide (500 and 1500 nM). The inhibitory action of the D2agonist was restored when SR48692 (100 nM) was added to the perfusion medium. These results suggest that in the neostriatum the neurotensin receptor located postsynaptically on the striatopallidal GABA neurons seems to differ from the neurotensin receptor located on dopaminergic terminals, as indicated by the relative lack of effect of NT(8–13) on striatal dopamine release. Furthermore, the ability of NT(1–13) to counteract the pergolide‐induced inhibition of both striatal and pallidal GABA release strengthens the evidence for antagonistic receptor‐receptor interaction between postsynaptic striatal neurotensin and D2receptors located on striatopallidal GABA neurons.

Published
1997
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38. Interventional MR‐guided excisional biopsy of breast lesions

Author

Gould, Stuart William Thomas, Lamb, Gabrielle, Lomax, David, Gedroyc, Wadislaw, and Darzi, Ara

Abstract

Interventional MR (IMR) machines have produced unique opportunities for image‐guided surgery. The open configuration design and fast pulse sequences allow intraoperative scanning to monitor procedures. This study was undertaken to assess the potential use of IMR for image‐guided surgery. Benign breast lesion excision was chosen as an uncomplicated surgical model. Ten female patients with known benign tumors underwent excision biopsy under general anesthesia in a Signa SP10 .5‐T IMR machine (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Lesions were localized with precontrast and postcontrast (intravenous gadolinium‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, .2 mmol/kg) fast multiplanar spoiled gradient‐recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) sequences. Preoperative “real‐time” fast gradient‐recalled sequences were also obtained using the Flashpoint (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) tracker device. The maximum dimensions of each lesion were measured from the resulting images. Excision was performed using titanium instruments and an ultrasonically activated scalpel. Intraoperative real‐time scanning demonstrated the resection margin and confirmed complete excision. The maximum dimensions of the macroscopic specimens were compared with those from the MR images. All tumors were visualized with the Signa scanner and real‐time imaging and the images were enhanced after intravenous contrast. Maximum dimensions on histologic examination were not significantly different from those measured from Signa (P> .17) or real‐time images (P> .4). There was no significant difference between lesion size from Signa and real‐time images (P> .25). All postprocedure scans demonstrated complete excision. There were six fibroadenomas, two foci of sclerosing adenosis, one area of fibrocystic disease, and one schwannoma. Intraoperative MR scanning reliably identifies palpable breast tumors and can accurately guide surgical excision. Further work using MR guidance can now be performed in other general surgical areas.

Published
1998
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40. Isolation and preliminary characterization of bovine cementum collagen

Author

Birkedal-Hansen, Henning, Butler, William Thomas, and Taylor, Robert Edward

Abstract

A method for the isolation of dental cementum is described. Amino acid analysis of the insoluble matrix of cementum, and chromatography of the CNBr peptides derived therefrom, strongly suggest that this material is mainly collagen with the chain composition α1[(I)]2α2.

Published
1974
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41. Abstracts

Author

Frankenfeld, John W., Schulz, Wolfgang, McMurty, George J., Petersen, Gary W., May, G. A., Hering, F. S., Schwartz, J. I., Heywood, J. B., Chigier, N. A., Grohse, E. W., Walker, J. D., Colwell, R. R., Petrakis, L., Pergament, H. S., Thorpe, R. D., Schoepf, Richard W., Krzyczkowski, Roman, Henneman, Suzanne S., Hudson, Charles L., Putnam, Evelyn S., Thiesen, Donna J., Parks, G. A., McCarty, Perry L., Leckie, J. O., Schrumpf, Barry J., Simonson, G. H., Paine, D. P., Lawrence, R. D., Pyott, W. T., Leh, M., Elders, W., Combs, J., Caplen, T., Harrison, F. L., Wong, K. M., Heft., R. E., Charnell, Robert L., Lehmann, Edward J., Mallon, Lawrence G., Hatfield, Cecile, Adams, Gerald H., Johanning, James, Talvitie, Antti, Noll, Kenneth E., Miller, Terry, Smiarowski, Joseph F., Willis, Cleve E., Foster, John H., Schlesinger, Benjamin, Daetz, Douglas, Lear, Donald U., Smith, Mona F., Hundemann, Audrey S., Crockett, Pernell W., Werner, Kirk G., Carroll, Thomas E., Maase, David L., Genco, Joseph E., Ifeadi, Christopher N., Lowman, F. G., Christensen, S. W., Van Winkle, W., Mattice, J. S., Harrison, Elizabeth A., Barker, James C., Chesness, Jerry L., Smith, Ralph E., Shaheeen, Donald G., Raney, R. Keith, Borton, T., Wezernak, C. T., Raney, R. K., Sherwani, Jabbor K., Moreau, David H., Eisenberg, Norman A., Lynch, Cornelius J., Breeding, Roger J., Johnson, J. D., Foster, K. E., Mouat, D. A., Clark, R., Hyden, John William, Owen, Wilfred, Bayfield, Neil G., Barrow, Graham C., Stolz, Stephanie B., Wienckowski, Louis A., Brown, Betram S., Keyfitz, Nathan, Wilson, W. 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R., Rosentraub, Mark S., Warren, Robert, Irland, Lloyd C., Booth, A., Kolb, Kenneth H., Caldwell, Lynton K., Johnson, W. H., Brewer, Max C., Bowden, Gerald, Haney, Paul D., Logue, D. E., Sweeney, R. J., Egbuniwe, Nnamdi, Heron, N., Franssen, H. T., Wranglen, G., Fairfax, Sally K., Pinhey, Thoma K., Paterson, Karen W., Sitterlev, John H., Connaughton, Charles A., De Viedman, M. G., Leon, F., Coronado, R., Myers, John G., Nakamura, Leonard I., Madrid, Norman R., Bar-Shalom, Y., Cohen, A. J., Seldman, Neil N., Hardy, William E., Grissom, Curtis L., Quarles, John R., Gee, Edwin A., Chaudhri, D. P., Infanger, Craig L., Bordeauz, A. Frank, Dougal, Merwin D., Ganotis, C. G., Hopper, R. E., Boyd, J., Woodard, Kim, Haedrich, R. L., Thompson, R. G., Lievano, R. J., Stoneburner, D. L., Smock, L. A., Eichhorn, H. C., Montalvo, J. G., Lee, C. G., von Jeszensky, T., Dunn, I. J., Wilson, M. J., Swindle, D. W., Runove, T. G., Pearson, T. H., Rosenberg, R., Sharp, John M., Greist, David A., Kinard, J. T., Tisdale, J., Alexander, E., Stone, Ralph, Willis, Robert, Anderson, Donald R., Dracup, John A., Rogers, C. J., Hunter, John M., Cassola, Fabio, Lovari, Sandro, Tew, R. W., Egdorf, S. S., Deacon, J. E., Sly, George R., Brandvold, D. K., Popp, C. J., Brierley, J. A., Zeidler, Ryszard B., Gonzalez, R. H., Lapage, S. P., Cornish, Edward S., Foresman, Ryerson, D. K., Walejko, R. N., Paulson, W. H., Pendleton, J. W., Fowler, Bruce A., Minckler, Leon S., Wallis, I. G., Nebel, C., Gottschling, R. D., Unangst, P. C., O'Neill, H. J., Zintel, G. V., Reid, F., Ricci, L. J., Odum, Eugene P., Johnson, J. H., Sturino, E. E., Bourne, S., Richerson, Jim V., Cameron, E. Alan, Brown, Elizabeth A., Stopford, W., Goldwater, L. J., Gray, John, Jorgensen, S. E., Santhirasegaram, K., Chapman, J. D., Skelton, Thomas E., Stahl, D., Herzog, Henry W., Matsunaka, S., Kuwatsuka, S., Tatsukawa, R., Wakimoto, T., Moyle, Peter B., Kornilov, B. A., Timoshkina, V. 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C., Ray, William, Ramamurthy, V. C., Black, A. H., Coty, A., Kassler, H., Dixon, R. L., Trout, Thomas J., Smith, James L., McWhorter, David B., Rowe, M. C., Quinlan, A. V., Paynter, H. M., Born, D., Roth, D., Wall, G., Schindler, D. W., Frost, P. G. H., Siegfried, W. R., Cooper, J., MacDonald, S., Mason, C. F., Bar, F., Moore, G., Coldrick, John, Selman, P. H., Dempster, J. P., King, M. L., Lakhani, K. H., Evans, G. Clifford, Coote, D. R., Haith, D. A., Zwerman, P. J., Herricks, Edwin E., Shanholtz, Vernon O., Smith, V. K., Johnson, D. Gale, Mitsch, W. J., Fried, Maurice, Tanji, Kenneth K., Van De Pol, Ronald M., Dawson, Allan, Smith, Malcolm, McLaren, Neil, Cooley, James L., Moran, J. W., Witter, L. D., Tomlinson, E. J., Cheremisinoff, Paul N., Holcomb, William F., Hall, J. M., Kerut, E. G., Irico, J., Bower, L. C., Duggan, J. B., Cleasby, J. L., Klein, David H., Andren, Anders W., Bolton, Newell E., Joshi, Ramesh C., Duncan, Donald M., McMaster, Howard M., Russell, George A., Hochstein, Anatoly B., Elgohary, F. A., Brooks, D. J., Brainard, F. S., Ott, W. R., Thorn, G. C., Panicker, N. N., Middleton, A. C., Lawrence, A. W., Hannigan, John T., Post, R. F., Hall, D. G., White, K. E., Shaw, E. M., Sidwick, J. M., Preston, J. R., Nichol, Janet E., Maxwell, Bruce, Watson, M. B., Kammer, W. A., Langley, N. P., Selzer, L. A., Beck, R. L., Munn, Harold C., Peirano, Lawrence E., Cooper, Charles F., Kruger, Paul, Zebroski, E., Levenson, M., Mason, B. J., Rehberger, Glenn W., Field, A. A., Jones, John F., Penner, S. S., Black, Francis M., High, Larry E., Sigsby, John E., Janssens, M., Darns, R., Giebel, J., Dilaj, Michael, Lenard, John F., Beran, D. W., Linden, H. R., Bodle, W. W., Lee, B. S., Vyas, K. C., Golueke, Clarence G., McCurdy, P. H., Hines, W. G., Rickert, D. A., McKenzie, S. W., Bennett, J. P., Goldstein, Elliot, Ragaini, Richard C., Pearl, Richard Howard, Turner, Norma, Miller, Terry L., Noll, Kenneth E., Etzel, James E., Bell, John M., Lindermann, Eckhart G., Lancelot, Charles J., Lane, Dennis D., Stukel, James J., Lee, G. F., Morse, Frederick H., Simmons, Melvin K., Alpert, S. B., Lundberg, R. M., Schmidt, Richard A., Hill, George R., Anspaugh, Lynn R., Harem, F. E., Bielman, K. O., Worth, J. E., Kuester, J. L., Lutes, L., Henten, M. Patricia, Tazieff, Haroun, Patrick, P. K., Baker, Ralph N., Kalhammer, Fritz R., Schneider, Thomas R., Landwehr, J. Maciunas, Deininger, R. A., Rattien, Stephen, Eaton, David, Dezeeuw, R. E., Haney, E. B., Wong, R. B., De Planque Burke, Gail, Siegrist, Robert, Witt, Michael, Boyle, William C., Rickert, David A., Hines, Walter G., McKenzie, Stuart W., Brutsaert, W., Gross, G. W., McGehee, R. M., Hyzer, William G., Mohr, Adolph W., Wildman, S. V., Goldsmith, T. J., Sargent, Frederick O., Brande, Justin H., Work, Edgar A., Gilmer, David S., Hord, B. Michael, Brooner, William, Baraby, Frank, Snodgrass, W. J., O'Melia, C. R., Rollier, M. A., Kunz, R. G., Giannelli, J. F., Stensel, H. D., Moyer, W. W., Osman, F. P., Campbell, W. J., Wilson, E. M., Freeman, H. M., Hogan, B. J., Dick, R. I., Tangborn, Wendell V., Rasmussen, Lowell A., Ruff, James F., Skinner, Morris M., Winkley, Brian R., Simons, Daryl B., Dorratcague, Dennis E., Lanterman, B. A., Staudenmire, J. H., Fritz, Norman L., Williams, Richard D., Wood, Richard, Huillet, F. D., Muzyka, Ann, Fantasia, John F., Goodman, Joseph M., Anderl, Bernhard, Attmanspacher, Walter, Singh, Vijay P., Peleg, H., Scavia, D., Park, R. A., Niemann, Bernard J., Bonilla, Xavier A., Bruno, S. Richards, Rose, Richard A., Meyer, Charles F., Tempo, G E, Klumb, D., Maddock, Thomas, Chermisinoff, Paul N., Bethea, Robert M., Hellman, Thomas M., Laren, Oscar Bud, Leenheer, J. A., Malcolm, R. L., White, W. R., McNamara, John R., Windheim, L. S., Wodder, R. R., Smith, D. D., Mallan, G. M., Titlow, E. I., Peleg, M., Greco, I. R., Gregory, D. P., Pangborn, J. B., Somers, Edward V., Berg, Daniel, Fickett, Arnold P., Larsen, R. I., Heck, W. W., Cochran, Neal P., Ulaby, Fawwaz T., Bush, Thomas F., Cunningham, Ernest R., Nakada, M., Wyndham, H. B., Schulte, Harry F., Serpa, Douglas P., Young, R. L., Spell, J. E., Slu, H. M., Philip, R. H., Jones, E. R., Sprowl, James A., Kohout, Ladislav J., Gaines, Brian R., McCoy, K., Mejer, H., Reutlinger, Shlomo, Lieberman, M. A., LaNier, R., Crampton, C. B., Sabadell, J. Eleonora, Axtmann, Robert C., Josephson, J., Gutierrez, A. P., Regev, U., Summers, C. G., Daniels, A., Bach, W., Mairs, John W., Bengtsson, L., Oleckno, William A., Wildman, W. E., Neja, R. A., Clark, J. K., Larson, Don, Wagner, Frederick W., Durabb, Edwin J., Barnes, H. M., Homolya, J. B., Jacoby, Neil H., Kispert, R. G., Sadek, S. E., Wise, D. L., Nihoul, J. C. J., Foyster, A. M., Gessaman, Paul H., Sisler, Daniel G., Pinkham, C. F. A., Pearson, J. G., MacAdam, W. K., Gribbin, John, Schwartz, Seymour I., Green, F. H. W., Viscomi, B. V., Gray, S. L., McKean, J. R., Usher, M. B., Svestka, Milan, Eckholm, E. P., Johnston, H., Mausel, Paul W., Leivo, Carl Eric, Lewellen, Michael T., Nilles, Jack M., Gray, Paul, Campbell, Thomas C., Wogman, N. A., Bockris, John M., Jenne, E. A., Avotins, Peter, Nelson, D. W., Sommers, L. E., Scott, Frank M., Benz, L. C., Sandoval, F. M., Willis, W. O., Chapman, Peter F., MacDougall, E. B., and Peakall, David B.

Published
1977
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42. Insulin-Dependent Attenuation in α2-Adrenoreceptor–Mediated Nociception in Experimental Diabetes

Author

Bitar, Milad S and Pilcher, Charles William Thomas

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is associated with abnormalities in central noradrenergic dynamics, a system that appears to be involved in the regulation of nociception in both humans and experimental animals. To this end, we investigated the responsiveness of nociceptive threshold to the actions of clonidine (an α2-adrenoreceptor agonist) and yohimbine (an α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist) during diabetes. The induction of diabetes was achieved by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg/kg, intravenously). Nociceptive threshold, as indicated by the tail-flick latency of the tail immersion test, was progressively elevated as a function of the duration of diabetes. Systemic administration of clonidine and yohimbine respectively produced dose-dependent analgesic and hyperalgesic effects in control animals. Both of these phenomena were impaired in chronically diabetic animals. In contrast, insulin-treated diabetics displayed supersensitivity to clonidine's antinociceptive effect, especially at low doses. Acute hyperglycemia did not interfere with the α2-agonist–mediated elevation in nociceptive threshold. Attenuation in clonidine antinociceptive effect was also observed following its intrathecal administration to diabetic animals. Overall, these data suggest that the impaired responsiveness of diabetic rats might be due to a central α2-adrenoreceptor desensitization and/or biochemical defect in the postreceptor events.

Published
1996
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43. Waste minimization at the drill site reduces environmental costs.

Author

Ballantine, William Thomas

Subjects
DRILLING & boring, MANAGEMENT
Abstract

Reports on the reduction of waste cleanup and disposal expenses with the use of environmentally managed drilling operations. Limited operator's liability; Performance of a native-soil test and environmental assessment; Content of the audit process; Proper handling of storm water runoff; Monitoring of federal regulations and proposed legislation; Sample of an environmentally managed pit system.

Published
1994

45. RECENT RESEARCHES IN RINGWORM.

Author

CORLETT, WILLIAM THOMAS

Abstract

The ringworm family includes tinea tonsurans, tinea sycosis, tinea circinata and an affection of the nails known as onychomycosis. These names are of ancient origin, and, from a scientific standpoint, are not free from objection. Medical writers from the time of Celsus to the present have endeavored to improve the nomenclature of the mycotic group, hence the confusion experienced in attempting their study. In 1842-4 Gruby contributed a series of observations on ringworm of the scalp to the Academy of Sciences of Paris, in which he described a fungus found in the hairs and scales of the affected region. Unfortunately for science, he employed the term ''porrigo decalvans," which Willan and, subsequently, Bateman used synonymously with alopecia areata, although Gruby's description clearly refers to ringworm.1 Strange as it now seems, from this confusion of names he was accredited with having discovered a parasite in alopecia areata, which other observers

Published
1899
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47. ANOMALOUS SCARLET FEVERA REPORT OF THREE EPIDEMICS

Author

CORLETT, WILLIAM THOMAS and COLE, HAROLD NEWTON

Abstract

During the past decade there have occurred in Lakeside Hospital three epidemics of what is thought to be anomalous scarlet fever. In each of these epidemics the disease might have passed unrecognized or at least some doubt might have been entertained as to its nature, had not one or more typical cases occurred which acted as a diagnostic control. These epidemics were characterized by the mildness of the attack, the benign course of the disease together with the suppression or complete absence of the exanthem together with some other of the more important symptoms.The first epidemic occurred in the winter of 1904-5 and started in the children's ward, but before strict quarantine and disinfection terminated its spread, the medical and surgical wards likewise contributed until eighteen cases were observed.REPORTS OF CASES Case 1.—A child admitted with some slight ailment was observed to have a faint rash on the

Published
1910
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