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The efficacy of collaborative learning depends on the student interaction taking place. Monitoring student interaction can help teachers ensure their lesson goals are met. Experienced teachers describe, explain, and predict student interactions by drawing on their professional knowledge about types of student interaction that are associated with learning. This paper reports an assessment tool that measures teachers’ monitoring competence, operationalized as a form of professional vision: the ability to describe student interaction. Participants rate student interactions shown in videos on standardized items. Ratings are compared to an expert solution to provide a measure of monitoring competence. The assessment tool was evaluated withN= 193 teacher students that were in the pre-service or in-service phase of German teacher education. Classical test theory and generalizability theory were applied to evaluate the reliability of the assessment tool. Scores showed medium internal consistency. Measurement error resulting from videos was small. Reliability of scores was sufficient to detect differences in competence levels, before and after completing a training program on monitoring competence. Participants found the assessment tool appropriate for measuring monitoring competence. The findings show the feasibility of measuring professional vision of student interaction in collaborative learning. The assessment tool may be useful for adapting teacher dashboards, such as by advising beginning teachers how to intervene or, for more experienced teachers, by alerting when student interaction is not optimal for learning. Die Effektivität kooperativen Lernens hängt wesentlich von der Interaktion der Lernenden ab. Das Überwachen oder Monitoring von Schülerinteraktionen kann Lehrkräften dabei helfen, zu überprüfen, ob ihre Unterrichtsziele erreicht werden. Erfahrene Lehrkräfte können Schülerinteraktionen beschreiben, erklären und vorhersagen, indem sie auf ihr professionelles Wissen über lernförderliche Schülerinteraktionen zurückgreifen. Wir präsentieren und evaluieren in diesem Artikel ein Assessment Tool, das die Monitoringkompetenz angehender Lehrkräfte misst, operationalisiert als die Fähigkeit, Schülerinteraktionen zu beschreiben. Dazu bewerten Lehrkräfte auf standardisierten Items Schülerinteraktionen, die in Videos gezeigt werden. Die Ratings werden mit einer Expertenlösung verglichen, um ein Maß der Monitoringkompetenz zu liefern. Das Assessment Tool wurde mit N= 193 angehenden Lehrkräften evaluiert, die sich in der ersten oder zweiten Phase der Lehrerbildung befanden. Zur Beurteilung der Reliabilität des Assessment Tools wurden klassische Testtheorie und Generalisierbarkeitstheorie angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine mittlere interne Konsistenz. Der Messfehler durch Videos war gering. Die Reliabilität der Ergebnisse war ausreichend, um Unterschiede im Kompetenzniveau vor und nach Abschluss eines Trainingsprogramms zur Monitoringkompetenz zu erkennen. Die Teilnehmer fanden das Assessment Tool inhaltlich valide. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass professionelle Wahrnehmung von Schülerinteraktionen in kooperativen Lernsettings gemessen werden kann. Das Assessment Tool kann für die Anpassung von Lehrer-Dashboards nützlich sein, zum Beispiel um angehende Lehrer zu beraten, wann und wie sie eingreifen sollten, oder, für erfahrenere Lehrer, um zu warnen, wenn die Interaktion der Schüler nicht optimal für das Lernen ist.

The monitoring by teachers of collaborative, cognitive, and meta-cognitive student activities in collaborative learning is crucial for fostering beneficial student interaction. In a quasi-experimental study, we trained pre-service teachers (N= 74) to notice behavioral indicators for these three dimensions of student activities. Video clips of student interactions in collaborative learning settings served as learning opportunities in the training and as test scenarios for measuring monitoring competency in an assessment tool. Participants completed the assessment tool before and immediately after the training program. A control group (N= 33) completed the assessment tool twice but did not receive training in between. Results show that monitoring competency increased significantly in the training group but not in the control group. This provides initial evidence that a video-based training program can effectively enhance pre-service teachers’ noticing of behavioral indicators of collaborative, cognitive, and meta-cognitive student activities in a relatively short time. Our findings are of practical relevance as evaluating student interactions in a collaborative learning setting is challenging, yet also a skill much needed in teacher practice.

Aim:Host cell proteins represent a major process-related impurity in recombinant biotherapeutics. Present work reports about a fully automated platform based on a cobas instrument (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) allowing high-throughput determination of host cell proteins. Materials & methods: The instrument combines automated sample preparation with electrochemiluminescence-based detection technology, facilitating highly sensitive and accurate detection. Results:Our data shows that the assay performs readily comparable to conventional ELISAs, but outperforms in speed, sample throughput and by its superior linear range. Comparison of ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay validation results from more than ten independent validations of clinical product testing methods supports our comparability claim. Conclusion:The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay represents a milestone for bioprocess impurity testing and abolishes the sample throughput limitations posed by conventional ELISA.

Modifications like asparagine deamidation, aspartate isomerization, methionine oxidation, and lysine glycation are typical degradations for recombinant antibodies. For the identification and functional evaluation of antibody critical quality attributes (CQAs) derived from chemical modifications in the complementary-determining regions (CDRs) and the conserved regions, an approach employing specific stress conditions, elevated temperatures, pH, oxidizing agents, and forced glycation with glucose incubation, was applied. The application of the specific stress conditions combined with ion exchange chromatography, proteolytic peptide mapping, quantitative liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and functional evaluation by surface plasmon resonance analysis was adequate to identify and functionally assess chemical modification sites in the CDRs of a recombinant IgG1. LC-Met-4, LC-Asn-30/31, LC-Asn-92, HC-Met-100c, and HC Lys-33 were identified as potential CQAs. However, none of the assessed degradation products led to a complete loss of functionality if only one light or heavy chain of the native antibody was affected.

ABSTRACTMolecular diagnostic tests based on the PCR or alternative nucleic acid amplification technologies are commonly used for pathogen screening at blood drawing centers. Contrived process surveillance using test-specific external and internal controls is critical for the efficient leverage of PCR power. We describe here novel control constructs for use in nucleic acid amplification assays for pathogens with a single-stranded DNA genome, e.g., parvovirus B19. These controls are derived from a deletion mutant of the filamentous phage fd-tet, fKN16, and consist of single-stranded DNA packaged in a protein coat. They are essentially noninfectious to Escherichia coliand highly resistant to nuclease degradation. fKN16 based controls can be readily manufactured and highly purified. Despite their confirmed filamentous morphology, they can be precisely and accurately diluted over a wide range. Stability studies reveal that the novel control constructs are highly resistant to temperature stress, regardless of whether they are tested as concentrated stocks in storage buffer or diluted in buffer or human plasma. Real-time amplification curves derived from recombinant control constructs containing a parvovirus B19 specific sequence fragment match those derived from native virus. In summary, our data demonstrate the feasibility of novel nuclease-resistant single-stranded DNA controls as surrogates for parvovirus B19 and their applicability in routine molecular diagnostics.

Bürkert Fluid Control Systems hat deshalb mit dem Tank‐Blanketing‐System eine kompakte, hygienegerechte Systemlösung zur automatischen Druckregelung in Tanks entwickelt, die sehr schnell auf Änderungen von Temperatur und Füllmenge sowie auf chemische Proz