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This study aimed at systematically analyzing and evaluating the impact of perioperative blood transfusions (PBT) on oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

In 1960 the pathophysiological mechanisms by which Na+ is involved in human essential hypertension were first elucidated by the finding that intracellular Na is elevated in red blood cells of essential hypertensives. Furthermore it was found that (1) transmembraneous Na+ fluxes in red blood cells of essential hypertensives are changed in parallel with intracellular Na+ concentration, reflecting the metabolic disturbances better than the Na+ concentration measurements, (2) in normotensives with a familial disposition of essential hypertension intracellular Na+ and transmembraneous Na+ fluxes are elevated, (3) uremia affects intracellular Na+ levels similarly as essential hypertension, and (4) intracellular free Na+ and free Ca++ is increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It can be assumed that elevated intracellular Na+ plays a causative role in essential hypertension.

1. The influence of family history of hypertension on the relationships between blood pressure, relative body weight, sodium/creatinine ratio of the 24 h urine, plasma renin activity and the plasma concentration of prolactin and parathormone were examined in 102 healthy male students. 2. Grouping together results from all students showed significant positive correlations between systolic blood pressure and prolactin, parathormone as well as relative body weight, between plasma renin activity and prolactin and a significant negative correlation between plasma renin activity and sodium/creatinine ratio of the 24 h urine. 3. By dividing the students into two groups according to their family history of hypertension we could demonstrate in those with family history of hypertension a highly significant positive correlation between mean blood pressure and sodium/creatinine ratio of the 24 h urine and an improvement of the correlations between systolic blood pressure and prolactin and between sodium/creatinine ratio of the 24 h urine and plasma renin activity. In students without family history of hypertension these relationships were no longer detectable. In the students without family history of hypertension the correlations between systolic blood pressure and relative body weight as well as between plasma renin activity and prolactin gained substantially in significance. In students with positive family history of hypertension these correlations could no longer be demonstrated. The correlations between systolic blood pressure and parathormone remained unaffected by family history of hypertension. 4. The results suggest that a genetic predisposition to essential hypertension is able to intensify the blood pressure effect of Na intake and of prolactin, which, besides its function as a sex hormone, is presumed additionally to be able to retain salt. However, the positive relationship between body weight and blood pressure, as well as between plasma renin activity and prolactin, the significance of which increases greatly in subjects without family history of hypertension, appears to be lost as the result of the increased sensitivity to salt in positive family history of hypertension.

Identified metabolites of dantrolene, a skeletal muscle relaxant, were studied for inhibition of skeletal muscle contractions. Inhibition of muscle contractions were studied in vivo in the rat gastrocnemius muscle preparation, and in vitro using isolated rat diaphragm strips. Dantrolene (D) and 5-hydroxydantrolene (5-HD) inhibited muscle contraction responses in a dose dependent manner, both in vivo and in vitro. 5-HD was less potent than D.

Summary Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes from patients treated with digitalis. Some of these patients showed gastrointestinal and/or cardiac symptoms of digitalis intoxication. The erythrocytes of this group of patients showed—in contrast to the group without symptoms of intoxication—a marked decrease of potassium concentration as well as a strong increase of sodium concentration and sodium potassium ratio. The determination of electrolytes in erythrocytes can be recommended as a relatively simple method to simplify the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication.

Summary Determinations of zinc, sodium, potassium and magnesium in plasma and red blood cells were performed in 31 controls and 63 patients treated with digitalis. In digitalized patients sodium and zinc concentrations in red blood cells were significantly increased. The intraerythrocyte magnesium and potassium levels as well as all investigated electrolytes in plasma remained within the normal range. There was a close relationship between the increase of sodium and zinc content in red blood cells, indicating alterations in transmembrane transport mechanisms induced by digitalis therapy.

Summary Patients with essential hypertension were studied for the reaction of the hypophyseal-adrenal-system before and during insulin hypoglycemia test.

The title compounds (VI) are synthesized from the N‐aminoimidazolidinedione hydrochloride (I) or the oxazolecarboxylate (VII) as shown in the reaction scheme.

Zusammenfassung Bei normotonen Probanden mit familiärer Hochdruckbelastung fanden wir (ebenso wie bei Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie) eine erhöhte Natriumkonzentration in Erythrocyten und eine Steigerung des Natriumeinstroms in die roten Blutkörperchen. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß mit diesen Störungen des Natriumstoffwechsels der Erythrocyten eine gesteigerte Reagibilität des Gefäßsystems auf Noradrenalin und Angiotensin einhergeht. Diese Befunde werden als weiterer Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer angeborenen Natriumstoffwechselstörung bei der essentiellen Hypertonie gedeutet.