Search

To examine whether the corticospinal system emanating from the primary motor cortex may be organized to facilitate generation of dystonic movements.

During the ACE‐2 field campaign in the summer of 1997 an intensive, ground‐based physical and chemical characterisation of the clean marine and continentally polluted aerosol was performed at Sagres, Portugal. Number size distributions of the dry aerosol in the size range 3–10 000 nm were continuously measured using DMPS and APS systems. Impactor samples were regularly taken at 60% relative humidity (RH) to obtain mass size distributions by weighing the impactor foils, and to derive a chemical mass balance by ion and carbon analysis. Hygroscopic growth factors of the metastable aerosol at 60% RH were determined to estimate the number size distribution at a relative humidity of 60%. A size segregated 3‐way mass closure study was performed in this investigation for the first time. Mass size distributions at 60% RH derived from number size distribution measurements and impactors samples (weighing and chemical analysis) are compared. A good agreement was found for the comparison of total gravimetrically‐determined mass with both number distribution‐derived (slope=1.23/1.09; R2>0.97; depending on the parameters humidity growth and density) and chemical mass concentration (slope=1.02; R2= 0.79) for particles smaller than 3 μm in diameter. Except for the smallest impactor size range relatively good correlations (slope=0.86–1.42) with small deviations (R2=0.76–0.98) for the different size fractions were found. Since uncertainties in each of the 3 methods are about 20% the observed differences in the size‐segregated mass fractions can be explained by the measurement uncertainties. However, the number distribution‐derived mass is mostly higher than the chemically and gravimetrically determined mass, which can be explained by sampling losses of the impactor, but as well with measurement uncertainties as, e.g., the sizing of the DMPS/APS.

During the ACE-2 field campaign in the summer of 1997 an intensive, ground-based physical and chemical characterisation of the clean marine and continentally polluted aerosol was performed at Sagres, Portugal. Number size distributions of the dry aerosol in the size range 3−10 000 nm were continuously measured using DMPS and APS systems. Impactor samples were regularly taken at 60% relative humidity (RH) to obtain mass size distributions by weighing the impactor foils, and to derive a chemical mass balance by ion and carbon analysis. Hygroscopic growth factors of the metastable aerosol at 60% RH were determined to estimate the number size distribution at a relative humidity of 60%. A size segregated 3-way mass closure study was performed in this investigation for the first time. Mass size distributions at 60% RH derived from number size distribution measurements and impactors samples (weighing and chemical analysis) are compared. A good agreement was found for the comparison of total gravimetrically-determined mass with both number distribution-derived (slope=1.23/1.09; R2>0.97; depending on the parameters humidity growth and density) and chemical mass concentration (slope=1.02; R2=0.79) for particles smaller than 3 μm in diameter. Except for the smallest impactor size range relatively good correlations (slope=0.86−1.42) with small deviations (R2=0.76−0.98) for the different size fractions were found. Since uncertainties in each of the 3 methods are about 20% the observed differences in the size-segregated mass fractions can be explained by the measurement uncertainties. However, the number distribution-derived mass is mostly higher than the chemically and gravimetrically determined mass, which can be explained by sampling losses of the impactor, but as well with measurement uncertainties as, e.g., the sizing of the DMPS/APS.

Our objectives were to evaluate temporal changes in protein secretion by endometrial explant cultures obtained from cycling or pregnant caprine does during the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Equal amounts of radiolabeled proteins from explant cultures were separated by one- and two-dimensional PAGE and visualized by fluorography. No consistent difference in proteins with molecular masses greater than 30 kDa was apparent when electrophoretic patterns were compared. However, on Days 18 and 21 of pregnancy there was an increase in the number and intensity of proteins having molecular masses between 18 and 22 kDa (pI = 6.2–7.2) when compared with endometrial secretory proteins obtained from goats on Day 18 of the estrous cycle. Three proteins were also detected in culture supernatants from endometrial explants obtained on Days 18 and 21 of pregnancy but not on Day 18 of the estrous cycle. A basic (pI > 7.5) 14-kDa protein could sometimes be resolved into two (or more) isoelectric variants. A second 14-kDa protein (pI = 6.9) and a less prominent 15-kDa protein (pI = 6.0) were also produced in response to the conceptus. These proteins then decreased in intensity, returning to levels characteristic of those earlier in pregnancy, by Day 30 of gestation. These caprine uterine secretory proteins may be involved in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy.

We present a full-wafer fabrication process for periodically poled lithium niobate with a 6.5‐µm domain period. Samples that were 53??mm long and 0.5??mm thick were obtained with this process for single-pass cw 1064-nm Nd:YAG second-harmonic generation. These samples exhibited 78% of the ideal nonlinear coefficient, had a measured conversion efficiency of 8.5%/W in the low-power limit, and produced 2.7??W of cw 532-nm output with 6.5??W of cw input, which corresponds to 42% power conversion efficiency.