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The authors report on a highly efficient small-molecule organic photovoltaic device employing a planar-mixed heterojunction structure with subphthalocyanine (SubPc) as the donor and C70 as the acceptor. By changing the mixing ratio of SubPc and C70, the power conversion efficiency can be significantly improved from 1.8% to 6.0% under air mass 1.5 G solar illumination. From the internal quantum efficiency measurement, the highest carrier extraction is observed when an optimized weight ratio for SubPc to C70 of 1:7 is used. Besides, atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that a good phase separation of the blend layer is realized under such an optimized mixing ratio. This phenomenon may contribute to the improved fill factor and hence the bulk resistance. As a result, the JSC of our device is significantly enhanced to 13.0 mA/cm², which is almost twice the conventional value for planar heterojunction SubPc devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, the non-ideal current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of organic photovoltaic devices are studied in terms of the limited injection at both the anode and the cathode. The device comprises of indium-tin oxide (ITO), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), fullerene, bathocuproine (BCP), and AI fabricated by a thermal evaporation system. For the anode, the work function of ITO is modified from 4.7 to 5.1 eV, which reduces the injection barrier of holes to CuPc (with ionization energy 5.1 eV) from 0.4 to 0 eV. Diminished s-shape curves are obtained through the reduced-barrier devices. To gain insight into the limited injection, a numerical method based on the continuity equation and the drift-diffusion model is employed to simulate the electrical properties of the devices. A non-ideal diode behavior of the J-V curve is also observed as a result of increasing the thickness of the BCP layer which prevents the injection of the electrons into the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that examined the reproductive ecology and fertilization of Galaxea fascicularis in Chinwan Inner Bay, Penghu, Taiwan from April to June 2011 in order to determine the geographic variation of sexual patterns. Observations were made regarding the synchronous spawning of female and hermaphrodite colonies. Red eggs were found to be significantly bigger than white eggs, with both types of eggs being in the final stage of maturation and ready to release gametes. Crossing experiments suggested that the sexual pattern of G. fascicularis is gynodioecious instead of pseudo-gynodioecious.

We demonstrated a planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic (PHJ-OPV) device with open-circuit-voltage (Voc) of 1.03 V, utilizing bis(4-(N-(1-naphthyl)phenylamino) phenyl)fumaronitrile (NPAFN) as the donor material in combination with the conventional fullerene (C60) as the acceptor. Compared with conventional copper phthalocyanine (CuPC)/C60 PHJ-OPV, Voc increased 100%. Although the short-circuit-current was slightly reduced from 4.85 to 3.65 mA/cm², due to the lower absorption depth of NPAFN, the overall power conversion efficiency of our NPAFN-based OPV device was 1.97%, much higher than that of a typical CuPC-based device (1.31%). Besides, under forward bias (1.5V), red emission was observed from this PHJ-OPV, arising from the recombination from the non-doped red emitter, NPAFN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which compares the spatial pattern of larval fishes in Taiwan Strait during northeasterly and southwesterly monsoons. The study uses principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical agglomerative clustering and statistical visualization method to determine seasonal variations in larval fish assemblages. Results show that water current is associated with larval fish assemblages while the abundance of larval fish is limited to the topographic upwelling area.

The article presents a study which focuses on the establishment of a No-take Area (NTA) that could not guarantee the coral communities preservation in Chinwan Inner Bay (CIB) in Penghu, Taiwan. The study uses a study site, rapid assessment techniques, and quantitative surveys modified from ReefCheck methodology. Result found a decline in the living coral from 80.9% in 2001 to 16.3% by 2008 with coral functional group shifting from branching species to massive and columnar species.

This article discusses a study which examined fishing and natural mortality rates for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in the Kaoping River, Taiwan. The study investigated both wild eels and cultured eels and used 1-phenoxyethanol to anesthetize the eels. It showed a difference in fishing and natural mortality rates between pectoral fin clipping and microchips in wild eels. It also revealed higher mortality rates of wild eels marked by pectoral fin clipping due to a size-related rate or behavioral changes.

The article presents a study that deals with planktonic copepod community of Ilan Bay and adjacent Kuroshio off northeastern Taiwan. The authors constructed information on planktonic copepods' seasonal and spatial fluctuations by investigating the marine copepods. Included in the study were 128 species of copepods belonging to four orders, 24 families, and 49 genera. Discovered to be widely distributed were four species including Paracalanus aculeatus, Corycaeus (Agetus) typicus, Oncaea mediterranea, and O. venusta. Copedpod abundances were higher on the continental shelf waters and lower in Kuroshio waters.