Search

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophiliacauses opportunistic respiratory infections and is associated with declining lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Risk factors for carrying S. maltophiliaremain unclear.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients yielding ⩾1 respiratory S. maltophiliaisolate at the Oxford University Hospitals Trust between 2014 and 2019 and a cohort study of S. maltophiliacarriage in CF patients attending annual review in 2018.Results: Seven hundred and forty isolates were identified from 238 patients (median 1.0 isolate/patient). Predisposing conditions included invasive ventilation (29.8%), CF (25.6%) and non-CF bronchiectasis (24.4%). The rates of Stenotrophomonasisolates and co-trimoxazole resistance were stable over time. About 10.8% of isolates were co-trimoxazole-resistant, with resistance more common in CF than in other diagnoses (29.5% vs 5.8%, p< 0.001). No clinical features were significantly associated with S. maltophiliacarriage in the CF population.Discussion: We present new insight into the epidemiology of Stenotrophomonascolonisation/infection and identify increased co-trimoxazole resistance in CF isolates.