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Abstract.: We present the effects of heavy CP-even (H) and CP-odd (A) Higgs bosons on the production cross section of the process at the energy around the mass poles of the Higgs bosons. It is found that interference between H and A with small mass gap, as well as the ones between Higgs bosons and continuum, contributes to the cross section, if the photon beams are polarized and if we observe the helicity of the top quarks. It is demonstrated in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model that the H and A contributions can be sizable at future colliders for small values of . The methods to measure the CP-parity of the Higgs boson are also presented. The statistical significance of detecting the Higgs signals and measuring the Higgs CP-parity is evaluated.

A 50-year-old male had an occult thyroglossal duct carcinoma in the thyroglossal duct remnant attached to the upper pole of a thyroglossal duct cyst which was noticed due to extravasation of the cyst. After the patient had been struck into the thyroid cartilage with the tip of a bamboo sword while practicing Japanese fencing, The authors emphasize again that the important matter in the treatment of thyroglossal duct cysts is the removal of the whole thyroglossal duct remnant with the central portion of the hyoid bone according to Sistrunk's method in order to prevent not only recurrence of the thyroglossal duct cyst but also not to overlook any microcarcinoma.

It has been reported that the normal epithelium of the anterior nares is covered by a mucopolysaccharide layer with a depth of approximately 0.8μ1. In the present study, a patient with an allergy to the Japanese cedar was found to develop a very thin mucopolysaccharide layer (0.05μ in depth) when the mucosal tissue was taken off before provocation. Adhering pollen particles could have readily come in contact with the plasma membranes of the epithelial cells. The epithelium of the nonciliated cells exfoliated in a relatively short period of time after provocation. Ten minutes after provocation, a thick mucus layer covered the exfoliated epithelial mucosa. Pollen particles could no longer be brought into contact with mucosa due to the mucus layer. On the other hand, no difference from the normal condition was seen before provocation in the middle and posterior nares where ciliated cells were located. However, at ten minutes after provocation, a large number of goblet cells appeared in place of ciliated cells, and mucus production was very much activated. Many signs appeared at this stage which suggested the impairment of ciliary beating. Specifically, there was swelling and damage of plasma membranes of cilia, bending of cilia, existence of extra cytoplasm around the microtubules in the cilia, and intrusion of mucus fluid between cilia. In the regions where ciliated cells were replaced by goblet cells, the exfoliation of epithelium could be noted, but it is generally difficult to find that ciliated cells are exfoliated even when the ciliary beating is impaired. Taking into account the above-mentioned results, it can be assumed that pollen particles penetrate the submucosa not only through the posterior nares where ciliary beating is impaired, but also through the anterior nares where epithelial cells are exfoliated.

Horizontal positional nystagmus having characteristics similar to ice water caloric nystagmus was induced by injecting heavy water into the rabbit middle ear cavity or facial nerve through the stylomastoid foramen. Furthermore, with general administration of glycerol to normal subjects, horizontal positional nystagmus as with general administration of heavy water to experimental animals was observed. It is possible that alteration of the specific gravity arising from infiltration of heavy water or glycerol into the labyrinth accounts for the manifestation of positional nystagmus. These studies on positional nystagmus may be one of the means to elucidate the mechanism of caloric nystagmus and to examine the function of the human blood-labyrinth-barrier.

The physiological range of radioisotope (RI) transferred from the CSF to the nasal secretions was observed in 17 subjects without CSF rhinorrhea. A combination of RI cisternography and insertion of cotton pledgets in the nose was used in order to detect the RI transfer in the nasal secretion. The RI ratio was calculated, and those of the 17 subjects were less than 0.3. This is likely to be the normal physiological range of RI transfer.

Exercise-Induced change of nasal resistance and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) were studied in 30 asthmatic children and seven normal children. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was diagnosed in 19 (63%) of the 30 asthmatic patients. Unilateral complete nasal blockage after exercise (exercise-induced nasal obstruction [EINO]) was found In nine (30%) of the 30 asthmati c patients. A marked decrease in nasal resistance took place immediately or 4 minutes after exercise in all cases. EIA is most severe 5 minutes after exercise, and EINO took place 14 or 19 minutes after exercise. The seven normal children had neither EIA nor EINO. The pathophysiologic relationship between EIA and EINO Is discussed.

In order to investigate the genetic background of Meniere's disease, histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in Japanese patients were studied. HLA-class I: HLA-A, -B and -C were typed by the classical microcytotoxicity technique, and HLA-class II: HLA-DR, DQ, and DP were typed by PCR-DNA typing methods. Twenty patient samples tested were selected very strictly following clinical data and classical criteria. Most of the patients had been suffering from typical symptoms during a considerably long period of time (16 ± 7 years). Normal controls were based on the gene frequency in the Japanese population. Compared with the normal controls, a higher frequency of the DRB11602 subtype of HLA-DR2 was found in the patient group (X2 9,21, p< 0.04). p-values were corrected by multiplying by the total number of antigens. Additionally, HLA-Cw4 was increased, although the p-value was not significant after multiple antigen correction. There was no obvious relationship between the HLA-DRB11602 patients and the clinical data that included severity, age at time of onset, etc.

It is the desire of the neurotologic clinician to record routinely the nystagmus of patients with vestibular disorders but it is troublesome to have it done frequently. We tried to have patients record their own nystagmus using a portable electrocardiograph. It is pocket-sized and can be operated easily at any time and any place by laymen and often provides beneficial information. When we performed the caloric test on nine patients, we recorded the nystagmus with an ordinary electronystagmograph and with this equipment simultaneously. It has been recognized that the records with a portable electrocardiograph bear close resemblance to the records obtained with an ordinary electronystagmograph. According to the experience in twenty cases of dizzy patients using this recording system, it was concluded that the equipment is useful not only for the diagnosis of dizzy patients, but also for evaluating the effect of drugs and for recommending changes in the mode of living for some patients.

Primary adenocarcinoma arising in the sublingual gland is extremely rare, accounting for six cases reported in extensive survey of the literature for the period of 1930 to 1981.

Exercise-Induced change of nasal resistance and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) were studied in 30 asthmatic children and seven normal children. Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was diagnosed in 19 (63%) of the 30 asthmatic patients. Unilateral complete nasal blockage after exercise (exercise-induced nasal obstruction [EINO]) was found In nine (30%) of the 30 asthmati c patients. A marked decrease in nasal resistance took place immediately or 4 minutes after exercise in all cases. EIA is most severe 5 minutes after exercise, and EINO took place 14 or 19 minutes after exercise. The seven normal children had neither EIA nor EINO. The pathophysiologic relationship between EIA and EINO Is discussed.

The fine structure of human nasal blood vessels was studied in 15 nasal allergic patients. Biopsies were taken at different stages after provocation. In the early stage (two minutes after provocation), characteristic alterations of capillaries and venules were congestion, gap formation between two endothelial cells, and swollen vascular endothelial cells. Evidence of locally increased vascular permeability and congestion causing mucosal edema was found. In the late stage (20 minutes after provocation), evidence of congestion disappeared. Vascular dilatation and marked interendothelial cell gaps were observed. In both perivascular space and sometimes in intravascular space, de-granulated eosinophils were observed, suggesting that not only histamine but also lysosomal enzymes in eosinphil granules may be involved in causing increased vascular permeability.

The transendothelial passage of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and colloidal carbon and diffusion of HRP in pericapillary space, injected intravenously into rats, was studied at the light microscopic and ultrastructural level in the nasal mucosa. In the lamina propria of the mucosa in the middle third of the nasal septum of rats, the capillaries directly beneath the epithelium were mostly with fenestrae, while the capillaries around the nasal gland were without the fenestrae. The permeability of the capillaries in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa was very high and some of the endothelial cells were wide open, like liver sinusoid, allowing free passage of carbon particles. Marked transendothelial passage was also noted at ten seconds after HRP infusion through the capillaries without fenestrae located around the nasal gland. On the other hand, no extracapillary leakage of HRP was noted even at 150 seconds after its infusion in the capillaries without fenestrae located in the muscles. The permeability of small venules located in the lamina propria of nasal mucosa also was extremely high. The reasons for the greater permeation of HRP through capillaries of nasal mucosa are as follows. First, the endothelial cell junction was loose in the nasal mucosa and in some capillaries endothelium had holes like liver sinusoid. Second, interstitium surrounding the capillary was loose in nasal mucosa.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the communicative routes via the cranial nerve among the middle ear, the auditory tube, the inner ear, and the subarachnoid space under nearl physiological conditions. Various volumes of Indian ink were slowly injected into the facia nerve trunk of rabbits at the stylomastoid foramen, then serial sections of the heads were observed under the light microscope. This study yielded the following results: (i) Indian ink penetrated into the subarachnoid space through the internal auditory canal and/or the jugula foramen along the nerve sheaths of the VIIth, IXth, and/or Xth cranial nerves. (ii) Indian ink penetrated through the nerve sheaths of the cochlear, superior vestibular, and inferior vestibule nerves to the fundus of the internal auditory canal. (iii) Indian ink reached the scala tympan and the scala vestibuli via the cochlear aqueduct. (iv) Indian ink penetrated to the nerve sheaths of the tensor tympani and/or tensor palate nerves from the subarachnoid space of the trigeminal ganglion. In conclusion, it was shown that certain small particles are able to penetrate from the facial nerve sheath at the entrance of the stylomastoid foramen to the VIIIth IXth, and Xth nerve trunks, the middle ear, the area around the auditory tube, the inner ear and the subarachnoid space.

In order to clarify the characteristics of severe cases of Meniere's disease (MD), we analyzed various epidemiological factors such as sex ratio, past history, complication, cause of onset of vertiginous attacks, etc., in a series of 958 patients with definite MD. Data were obtained from the three Japan-wide surveys of MD conducted by the Meniere's Disease Research Committee of Japan (1975-76) and the Vestibular Disorders Research Committee of Japan (1982-84 & 1990). Following the ideas proposed by the members of the Vestibular Disorder Research Committee of Japan, we divided severe cases into three categories according to the following criteria i) bilateral MD cases (BMD), ii) unilateral MD cases with prolonged disabled vertigo (UPDV), iii) unilateral MD cases with profound hearing loss (UPHL). About 40% of the subjects were classified as severe cases (UPDV: 23%; BMD: 9%; UPHL: 6%). The ratio of otitis media in past history was statistically different between severe cases and non-severe patients (p > 0.05), suggesting that otitis media in the past may contribute to the severity of Meniere's disease.

From 1975 to 1990, nationwide surveys on Meniere's disease were performed three times by the Research Committee of Meniere's disease (1975-76) and the Research Committee of Peripheral Vestibular Disorders (1982-84 and 1990) in Japan. Nine hundred and fifty-eight definite Meniere cases, 520 in the Ist, 230 in the 2nd and 148 in the 3rd survey, were sampled by the members of the Committees. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Meniere's disease were analyzed and compared with such control cases as other vertiginous patients, ENT patients without vertigo, and healthy subjects. In Meniere's disease, the male to female ratio has changed from even to female predominance over the 15 years the study ran. The age distribution at onset peaked in the forties for males and thirties for females. Significant epidemiologcial results are summarized as follows: Definite Meniere's disease has a higher incidence in married persons and in people with a nervous and precise character, whereas the incidence is lower in obese people. Physical and mental fatigue induced the onset of attacks. Meniere's disease happened in day time in many cases, especially during the afternoon. As these epidemiological findings were commonly observed in all the surveys, the results are considered to be universal epidemiological characteristics of Meniere's disease in Japan. In the same period, regional investigations were performed by Toyama Medical Association and our University. The male to female ratio in Toyama indicated a more significant female predominance than in the nationwide surveys. The prevalence of Meniere's disease in Toyama Prefecture has been almost constant in all Surveys, about 17/l00,000 since 1974. The purpose of this paper was to generalize obtained by the nationwide and regional surveys for 15 years.

We report on the pathological findings in temporal bones taken from a 92-year-old man who had been diagnosed as suffering from Cogan's syndrome before death. Extensive endolymphatic hydrops was observed in the cochlea of the right ear. The saccule showed a collapse following intense dilation. Outpouching of the utricle and crus commune was found and the perilymphatic space of the posterior semicircular canal was occupied by the fibrotic tissue. The left ear showed neither hydrops nor fibrosis. There was absorption of the enchondral bone in both ears, but in the blood vessels there were no pathological changes.

Nasal resistance and nasal blood flow were measured consecutively before exercise, immediately after exercise, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after exercise in 11 normal subjects and 18 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Nasal resistance was measured by Nihon-Koden Rhinorheograph MRP 2100, and nasal blood flow was measured by Periflux PF2, a laser doppler flowmeter. 77% of unilateral nasal cavities in normal subjects and 75% of unilateral cavities in patients with allergic rhinitis showed a decrease of both nasal resistance and nasal blood flow immediately after exercise. However, rates of changes in nasal resistance and in nasal blood flow were not correlated with each other. In the latter period after exercise, there was a discrepancy between nasal resistance and nasal blood flow. A laser doppler flowmeter is considered to measure blood flow in the superficial part of the nasal mucosa. Based upon our results, an intensive stimulus such as exercise seems to induce vasoconstriction in the superficial part as well as in the deeper part of the nasal mucosa. However, it is also suggested that the vessels in the various parts of the nasal mucosa don't always respond in the same way.

In 1980, the Research Committee of Peripheral Vestibular Disorders in Japan, which is supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, was founded by 24 members, from several districts in Japan. The Committee's first task was to draft the diagnostic criteria for several peripheral vestibular disorders, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and vestibular neuronitis. For the national epidemiological survey, they then collected the data on 101 cases of BPPV out of some 783 vestibular disorder patients. In addition, data on 103 patients of BPPV out of 559 vestibular disorder patients were also collected from the Neurootological Clinic of the Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital. From these epidemiological surveys, the incidence of BPPV in Japan was estimated at 10.7 per 100000 population, while that of BPPV in Toyama was estimated at 17.3 per 100000 population. The ratio of BPPV was higher in female than male patients in both surveys. The age at the onset of BPPV peaked in the fourth decade in both males and females. Compared with the other epidemiological features of Meniere's disease and sudden deafness with vertigo in the same surveys, it appeared that the characteristic features of BPPV are epidemiologically similar to those of Meniere's disease, but different from those of sudden deafness.

Physiological changes in body position affect the degree of opening and closing of human auditory tubes. Notable changes were observed in lateral body position concerning the opening rate of the auditory tubes, which corresponds to the changes in pressure within the lower portion of the middle ear cavity. This physiological mechanism seems to be related with the anatomical direction of the auditory tube and the natural mechanism for the protection of the middle ear cavity.When a change takes place which moves the compliance of the eardrum to the positive side (e.g. head position change or static lateral body position), observation suggests the possibility of venostatis and production of gas. Measurement of the oxygen tension in the middle ear cavity under atmospheric pressure revealed the existence of constant gas production which maintains the pressure in the middle ear cavity at the same level as atmospheric pressure. This result denies the influx of gas from the atmospheric environment into the middle ear cavity. These results stem from the intrinsic physiologic mechanism of the middle ear cavity, namely maintenance of effective auditory sound conduction (a function to keep eardrum compliance as close to zero as possible), by keeping the pressure within the middle ear cavity below the atmospheric pressure, either at the same level as or slightly higher than that of the environment pressure. Gas emission from the middle ear cavity in the atmospheric environment and a low oxygen tension are a natural physiologic mechanism to protect the middle ear cavity from infection and other hazards.

By the immunohistochemical method using-anti-keratin antibodies (KL1-antigen, 56 KD keratin; PKK1-antigen, 40-52.5 KD keratin) and electron microscopy, the changes in cell shapes and the cytokeratin components of the epithelial cells during the infiltration of lymphocytes were studied. In the surface epithelium, PKK1 reacts with only the keratinocytes in the basal layer, while KL1 stains in the spinous layer. In the neck portion of the crypt, transformed keratinocytes scattered in the spinous layer react intensely with PKK1. These cells issue prolonged cytoplasmic processes which surround the cavities filled with infiltrating lymphocytes. In the deep portion of the crypt, PKK1-positive cells interconnect with one another constituting the network of the star-shaped reticular cells. The enlarged intercellular spaces of the reticular cells are filled with many lymphocytes. Our observations suggest that the infiltration of lymphocytes into the crypt epithelium induces the change in keratin expression of the epithelial cells in the human palatine tonsils, and the change of keratin molecules makes the stratified flattened epithelium to transform into the network of star-shaped reticular cells.

The preparation of lividomycin B analogues, the title pseudotetrasaccharides, is described. Condensation of 6-azido-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-l-idopyranosyl chloride with 4',6'-di-O-benzoyl-5-O-(5-O-benzoyl-ß-d-ribofuranosyl)-3,2'-bis(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-1-N:6-O-carbonyl-3'-deoxyparomamine was followed by deblocking and reduction of the azido groups. Structure determinations and the antibacterial activities of the products are described.

Though Ménière's disease occurs in both sexes, there are certain differences between the clinical features of the male and female patients. the author discusses the chronological change in sex ratio, and the proportions of severely disabled cases. in the female patients, an influence of pregnancy was also observed.

Electrooculographically, torsion of the head with closed eyes causes little appearance of VOR, but a transient ocular deviation (TOD) of about 30° and a maximum velocity of not less than 200°/sec. TOD occurs more significantly during torsion of the head alone than during rotation of the whole body, with a two-fold greater degree of deviation, suggesting the importance of the input from the cervical afferent. TOD occurs even in a condition in which torsion of the head is made to try with the head fixed and as a result of this maneuver, a torsional force is put on the neck toward the direction of head torsion, but the head does not rotate (vestibular afferent is inoperative). Thus, it is supposed that TOD occurs as a result of the fact that the lateral gaze center is activated by perception of the directional information of head torsion from the cervical afferent.

3′-Deoxybutirosin B (13) was prepared from 3′-deoxyparomamine (1), d-ribose and (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid (AHBA). The synthesis involves replacement of the 6′-hydroxyl group of 3′-deoxyparomamine with azido group, 1,6-carbamate ring formation, condensation with tri-O-(p-nitrobenzovl)-α,β-d-ribofuranosyl bromide, selective cleavage of the carbamate ring, and acylation of the free amino group at C-1 with AHBA.

5-O-[3-O-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-a-d-glucopyranosyl)-ß-d-ribofuranosyl]-3'-deoxyparomamine was prepared by two different routes. The first route involves glycosylation of a protected N: 6-O-carbonyl-3'-deoxyparomamine with a protected 3-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-a-d-glucopyranosyl)ribofuranosyl bromide and subsequent removal of the protecting groups. In the second route, 1-N: 6-O-carbnyl-3'-deoxyparomamine was glycosylated with a protected ribosyl bromide having 3-O-benzylthiocarbonyl group to give a pseudotrisaccharide and, after de-3-O-benzylthiocarbonylation, the product was further condensed with a protected 1-bromide of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose. This synthesized lividomycin B analogue showed only very weak antibacterial activity and the role of the 6'?-amino group of lividomycin in the action was suggested.

There has been no practical method by which the function of the eustachian tube can be estimated quantitatively. We have modified and improved upon the conventional sound method. As a result, a new apparatus for this method was devised. This apparatus is less expensive, lighter in weight, and smaller in size than the conventional one. By using this apparatus, the estimation is performed in a simpler manner within a shorter period. of time than by the conventional sound method.The new apparatus can be connected with a pen-recorder. When an integrating circuit is used, it is possible to obtain an integrating wave pattern.

• Intramuscular myxomas are extremely rare tumors in the neck. In reviewing the world literature, we found a total of five cases of intramuscular myxoma that occurred in the head and neck region. The purpose of this study is to report an unusual case of intramuscular myxomas that were found bilaterally in the digastric muscles of a girl who presented with a painless palpable mass in the neck.(Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:699-701)

The titled compound (11) was prepared from lividomycin A. A partially protected cyclic 1,6-carbamate derivative (6), which has free hydroxyl groups at C-4′ and C-6′, was prepared, and the 6′-hydroxyl group was selectively tosylated. Replacement of the tosyl group by azido group, followed by partial hydrolysis of the carbamate ring gave the aminol (9). Acylation of the free C-1-amino group with (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid and hydrogenation of the azido group led to 11Preparation of 4′,6′-di-O-methyllividomycin A (13) was also described.

3'-Deoxybutirosin B and A (16, 17) were synthesized viacondensation of 3,2'-bis-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-4',6'-O-cyclohexylidene-3'-deoxyparomamine 1,6-carbamate (2) with tris-O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-d-ribofuranosyl and -d-xylofuranosyl bromide, respectively, followed by 6'-O-tosylation of the decyclohexylidene derivative (8and 9), cyclic 1,6-carbamate opening and amidation with (S)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxybutyric acid at the free C-1 amino group.

The title compound (7), which is active against resistant bacteria producing phosphotransferase I, was synthesized from lividomycin A through a cyclic carbamate derivative (3). Selective hydrolysis of the carbamate ring followed by acylation of the free C-1-amino group with (S)-2-hydroxy-4-aminobutyric acid by the active ester method led to 7.

• Malignant transformation of nasal polyps is believed to be very rare. A 49-year-old man had suffered from nasal polyposis and visited the hospital complaining of nasal obstruction and a huge nasal polyp in the right nostril. Histologic findings showed squamous cell carcinoma with microinvasion on the surface of the polyp and no invasion of carcinoma in the stalk. Simultaneously, malignant transformation of a small polyp was found in the left nasal cavity. Clinical and histologic findings are discussed.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;114:336-337)

Massive quarks belonging to a sextet representation of the color SU(3) of quantum chromodynamics are assumed to exist and to trigger the dynamical breaking of the electroweak SU(2) ×U(1) symmetry. Quantum numbers are assigned to the color-sextet quarks and their masses are estimated together with the mass of the top quark by using the mass formulae for the weak-boson masses. Phenomenological implication of the model is discussed.