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Heat-resistant explosives are indispensable compounds in the fields of energy exploitation and aviation. In this study, with 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1,2,4-triazole as the raw material, an energetic metal salt dilithium 5-nitro-3-(dinitromethyl)-1,2,4-triazole (DN-2Li) with high thermal stability was obtained. The application evaluation parameters including thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity, and detonation performance were fully studied. The results show that DN-2Linot only has good detonation performance (Dv= 8669 m s–1, P= 30.2 GPa) but also has appropriate mechanical sensitivity (IS = 4.0 J, FS = 100 N) and excellent thermal stability (Td= 350.0 °C, EK= 235.1 kJ mol–1), which fully implies that DN-2Lihas high application value as a heat-resistant explosive. This study not only provides a kind of heat-resistant explosive with potential application value but also provides a new vision for the design and preparation of new heat-resistant explosives.

The accurate differentiation of Baijiu holds significant importance in the realm of food safety. Hence, a comprehensive dataset comprising UV, NIR, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectral information was collected from 17 representative Chinese Baijiu brands. By combining multispectral information with chemometrics, the different Baijiu brands were classified and identified. PCA was employed to extract characteristic variables from the high-dimensional UV and NIR spectral data, while PARAFAC decomposition was applied to the three-dimensional fluorescence spectral data to obtain concentration scores as characteristic variables. The dataset was balanced using the SMOTE algorithm, and subsequently, LDA, SVM, and BPNN classification models were constructed. Model evaluation was based on the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the test set. The results demonstrated that the three models, in conjunction with chemometric methods, effectively distinguished between different Baijiu brands, boasting accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates exceeding 99%.

Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) melt-blown nonwovens are attractive candidates to replace non-degradable polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens. However, it is still an extremely challenging task to prepare PLA melt-blown nonwovens with sufficient mechanical properties for practical application. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the large-scale preparation of biodegradable PLA/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) melt-blown nonwovens with high strength and excellent toughness. In this process, a small amount of PHBV is added to PLA to improve the latter’s crystallization rate and crystallinity. In addition, when the PHBV content increases from 0 to 7.5 wt%, the diameters of the PLA/PHBV melt-blown fibers decrease significantly (with the proportion of nanofibers increasing from 7.7% to 42.9%). The resultant PLA/PHBV (5 wt% PHBV) melt-blown nonwovens exhibit the highest mechanical properties. The tensile stress, elongation, and toughness of PLA/PHBV (5 wt% PHBV) melt-blown nonwovens reach 2.5 MPa, 45%, and 1.0 MJ·m−3, respectively. More importantly, PLA/PHBV melt-blown nonwovens can be completely degraded into carbon dioxide and water after four months in the soil, making them environmentally friendly. A general tensile-failure model of melt-blown nonwovens is proposed in this study, which may shed light on mechanical performance enhancement for nonwovens.

We introduce a structural approach to study Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex hyperquadric in arbitrary dimension by using its family of non-integrable almost product structures. In particular, we define local angle functions encoding the geometry of the Lagrangian submanifold at hand. We prove that these functions are constant in the special case that the Lagrangian immersion is the Gauss map of an isoparametric hypersurface of a sphere and give the relation with the constant principal curvatures of the hypersurface. We also use our techniques to classify all minimal Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex hyperquadric which have constant sectional curvatures and all minimal Lagrangian submanifolds for which all local angle functions, respectively all but one, coincide.

Smart membranes with protection and thermal-wet comfort are highly demanded in various fields. Nevertheless, the existing membranes suffer from a tradeoff dilemma of liquid resistance and moisture permeability, as well as poor thermoregulating ability. Herein, a novel strategy, based on the synchronous occurrence of humidity-induced electrospinning and electromeshing, is developed to synthesize a dual-network structured nanofiber/mesh for personal comfort management. Manipulating the ejection, deformation, and phase separation of spinning jets and charged droplets enables the creation of nanofibrous membranes composed of radiative cooling nanofibers and 2D nanostructured meshworks. With a combination of a true-nanoscale fiber (∼70 nm) in 2D meshworks, a small pore size (0.84 μm), and a superhydrophobic surface (151.9°), the smart membranes present high liquid repellency (95.6 kPa), improved breathability (4.05 kg m–2d–1), and remarkable cooling performance (7.9 °C cooler than commercial cotton fabrics). This strategy opens up a pathway to the design of advanced smart textiles for personal protection.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been widely applied as building blocks of nanoporous materials for high-precision separations. However, most existing 2D nanomaterials suffer from poor continuity and a lack of interior linking, resulting in deteriorated performance when assembled into macroscopic bulk structures. Here, a unique superspreading-based phase inversion technique is proposed to directly construct 2D nanofibrous networks (NFNs) from a polymer solution. By tailoring capillary behavior, polymer solution droplets evolve into ultrathin liquid films through superspreading; manipulating phase instability, subsequently, enables the liquid film to phase invert into continuous nanostructured networks. The assembled single-layered NFNs possess integrated structural superiorities of 1D nanoscale fiber diameter (∼40 nm) and 2D lateral infinity, exhibiting a weblike nanoarchitecture with extremely small through-pores (∼100 nm). Our NFNs show remarkable performances in air filtration (PM0.3removal) and water purification (microfiltration level). This creation of such attractive 2D fibrous nanomaterials can pave the way for versatile high-performance separation applications.

The mechanical model of melt-blown nonwovens (MNs) serves as the foundation for performance optimization, which can offer helpful guidance for product material selection, structural design, and cost control. However, it is challenging to describe the micromechanics failure mechanism of MNs using the traditional mechanical model, which aims to match the model curve with the experimental result at the macrolevel. Herein, a micromechanics failure model for MNs based on sliding–orientation competition is developed. Through in situ observations of fiber position changes and the fluctuation of stress–strain curves, fiber sliding and orientation are introduced into the failure process of MNs. Due to fiber bonding and static friction, only orientation happens during the first stage of stretching. In dramatic contrast, the fibers will slide and orient in the second stage of stretching to change their positions in response to the external force. Sliding friction, fiber bonding, and static friction make up the stress of MNs, and the conflict of fiber sliding and orientation causes variations in the stress. The model has been successfully applied to polylactic acid (PLA) MNs, which proves the effectiveness of the model in MNs.

Carbon nanofibrous membrane (CNFM) materials are commonly black and opaque, and their poor optical performance severely limits their application in emerging fields, such as electronic skin, wearable devices, and environmental technologies. However, it is extremely difficult for carbon nanofibrous membranes to achieve high light transmittance owing to their complex fibrous structures and high light absorption. Few researchers have studied transparent carbon nanofibrous membrane (TCNFM) materials. In the current study, a biomimetic TCNFM inspired by dragonfly wings is fabricated using electrospinning technologies and a self-designed patterned substrate, with the aim to construct a differential electric field. Compared with the disordered CNFM, the resultant TCNFM yields an approximately 18-fold higher light transmittance. The freestanding TCNFMs also exhibit high porosities (>90%), good flexibility, and good mechanical properties. The mechanism by which the TCNFMs achieve high transparency and reduce light absorption is also elucidated. In addition, the TCNFMs display a high PM0.3removal efficiency (>90%), low air resistance (<100 Pa), and good conductive properties, including a low resistivity (<0.37 Ω·cm).

Mercury is a heavy metal with extreme toxicity. Thus, it is of significance to develop an effective method for mercury ion detection with high performance. In this study, carbon dots doped with nitrogen and silicon (N,Si/CQDs) were successfully prepared from folic acid and N-[3-(trimethoxysily)propyl]-ethylenediamine. The N,Si/CQDs show an obvious cyan fluorescence of 460 nm with the radiation of 350 nm. The existence of mercury ions induces the fluorescence quenching of N,Si/CQDs due to photoinduced electron transfer, which was applied for the sensitive sensing of Hg(ii). More importantly, the practical application of the N,Si/CQD probe was confirmed by measurements of Hg(ii) in real samples of lake water, sorghum and rice. In addition, the N,Si/CQD nanoprobe was integrated on a sensing strip for specific detection of Hg(ii). Quantitative measurement of Hg(ii) was realized by the outstanding linearity between the diameter (or fluorescence intensity) of the fluorescence quenching ring and the concentration of mercury ions. The sensor shows potential for rapid detection with a triple signal readout on-site and represents a larger step towards practical applications.

Temperature-responsive transparent nanofiber membranes were successfully fabricated using a straightforward and widely applicable method.The temperature-responsive nanofiber membranes exhibit a lower reaction temperature (~ 37 °C) and higher transmittance (> 90%).The prepared temperature-responsive transparent nanofiber membranes exhibited a short response temperature time (~ 5 s), and remarkable stability

There is a great demand for transparent films, membranes, or substrates in the fields of intelligent wearables, electronic skins, air filtration, and tissue engineering. Traditional materials such as glass and plastics cannot satisfy these requirements because of the lack of interconnected pores, undesirable porosity, and flexibility. Electrospun fibrous membranes offset these shortcomings because they contain small pores and have high porosity as well as outstanding flexibility. Thus, the development of transparent electrospun fibrous membranes is of great value. This work reports a simple and effective way to develop flexible and porous transparent fibrous membranes (TFMs) directly from electrospun fibrous membranes via mechanical pressing, without employing any other additives. In addition, the relationship between the transparency performance and the molecular structure of the polymers after pressing was summarized for the first time. After mechanical pressing, the membranes maintained fibrous morphology, micron-sized pores, and desired porosity. Polystyrene fibrous membranes, which exhibited excellent optical and mechanical properties, were used as a reference. The TFMs possessed high transparency (~89% visible light transmittance at 550 nm), high porosity (10%–30%), and strong mechanical tensile strength (~148 MPa), nearly 78 times that of the pristine electrospun fibrous membranes. Moreover, this study demonstrated that transparent and conductive membranes can be fabricated based on TFMs using vacuum-assisted filtration of silver nanowires followed by mechanical pressing. Compared with indium tin oxide films, conductive TFMs exhibited good electrical conductivities (9 Ω per square (Ω·sq−1), 78% transmittance at 550 nm) and notable mechanical performance (to bear abundant bending stresses).

T‐cell malignancies, including T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and T‐cell lymphoma (TCL), are characterized by inferior treatment effects, high heterogeneity, poor prognosis, and a lack of specific therapeutic targets and drugs to improve outcome. Disulfiram (DSF) is a drug used to clinically control alcoholism that has recently been shown to be cytotoxic for multiple cancers. However, the underlying effects and mechanisms of DFS treatment in patients with T‐cell malignancies are not well characterized. In this study, we report that DSF promotes apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of malignant T‐cell cell lines and primary T‐ALL cells. We provide evidence that DSF exerts anticancer activity in T‐cell malignancies by targeting the NPL4‐mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Notably, high expression of NPL4and 2 ubiquitin–proteasome pathway genes, anaphase‐promoting complex subunit 1 (ANAPC1) and proteasome 26S subunit ubiquitin receptor, non‐ATPase 2 (PSMD2), was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) for patients with TCL and T‐ALL (p < 0.05). More importantly, the weighted combination of NPL4, ANAPC1, and PSMD2could visually display the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates for patients with T‐cell malignancies in a nomogram model and facilitate risk stratification. Specifically, risk stratification was an independent predictor of OS for patients with T‐cell malignancies. In conclusion, DSF might induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of malignant T‐cells via the NPL4‐mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and offer a potential therapeutic option for T‐cell malignancies. Disulfiram eradicates T‐cell malignancies by targeting the NPL4‐mediated ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, and NPL4, ANAPC1, and PSMD2 might be potential biomarkers for risk stratification.

In this paper, we classify the hypersurfaces of S2×S2with constant sectional curvature. We prove that the constant sectional curvature can only be 12. We show that any such hypersurface is a parallel hypersurface of a minimal hypersurface in S2×S2, and we establish a one-to-one correspondence between such minimal hypersurface and the solution to the famous “sinh-Gordon equation” ∂2∂u2+∂2∂v2h=-12sinh2h.

The ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) belongs to the family Palaemonidae and genus Exopalaemon. Owing to its significant economic value and excellent nutritional properties, it is an important species for the development of saltwater aquaculture models in China. In this study, 160 individuals were collected from four wild populations and one artificially selected population using consolidated mitochondrial cytochrome b(mt-cyt b), and microsatellite molecular markers. The results showed that the hatcheries had lower genetic diversity than the wild samples, both at the levels of mt-cyt b(haplotype diversity: 0.123 VS0.572; nucleotide diversity: 0.0003 VS0.0014) and microsatellite (expected heterozygosity: 0.672 VS0.752). Among the four wild populations, the Ningbo population sampled from the East China Sea showed higher genetic diversity in both mt-cyt band microsatellites. A pairwise comparison of genetic differentiation coefficients revealed that the artificially selected population had not genetically diverged from the Cangzhou and Rizhao populations. However, the Ningbo population exhibited moderate to high genetic differentiation (compared to other populations), whereas the Zhanjiang population showed a high level of genetic differentiation, indicating a distinct geographical distribution pattern. Structural analysis revealed the presence of three lineage clusters in all current populations, and the artificially selected population predominantly consisted of lineage 3, accounting for 71.68 % of the population. Currently, the effective population size of hatcheries was <50, rendering them susceptible to the genetic threat of inbreeding depression. These findings provide a scientific basis for the conservation of wild germplasm resources of E. carinicaudaand inform future breeding and management strategies for improved varieties.

Functional textiles with enhanced moisture management can facilitate sweat transport away from the skin to improve personal comfort. However, porous materials exhibit low capability of preventing the intrusion of external liquids, becoming a bottleneck in the design of medical protective clothing. Herein, a trilayered composite fabric based on a gradient wettability structure is demonstrated for directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration. The proposed fabric shows distinct advantages, including a high water breakthrough pressure of 2.43 kPa from the external side, an outstanding positive water transport index (1522%), and an antiblood penetration resistance of 2.71 kPa. Moreover, the fabric shows improved comfort with a high moisture transmission (320 g m–2h–1) and desired water evaporation rate (0.36 g h–1). This work addressed the concern of directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration while providing a comfortable wearing microenvironment, leading to a promising research direction for multifunctional medical textiles.

Personal cooling textiles are a promising energy-free pathway for confronting serious heat-related public health threats and improving industrial worker productivity. Current cooling strategies mainly focus on passive daytime radiation, and there is a lack of research on all-day cooling methods which utilize synergistic radiative, conductive, and evaporative heat dissipation. Herein, we demonstrate a hierarchical polyurethane/silicon nitride fibrous membrane with Janus wettability fabricated via a scalable electrospinning method followed by single-side hydrophilic plasma treatment. High angular-dependent solar reflectance (91%) and human body infrared emittance (93%) allow for a temperature drop of ∼21.9 °C under direct sunlight and ∼2.8 °C at night compared with traditional cotton. The innovative integration of Janus wettability and heat conduction in hierarchically designed textiles ensures a minimum sweat consumption of 0.5 mL h–1, avoiding harmfully excessive perspiration. The excellent all-day cooling performance of this hierarchical textile presents great advantages for smart textile, energy-saving, and personal cooling applications.

Background: Glioma is the most aggressive and lethal tumor of the central nervoussystem. Due to the cellular heterogeneity, the invasiveness, and blood-brain barrier (BBB), currenttherapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are poorly to obtain great antitumorefficacy. However, peptides, a novel type of therapeutic agent, displayed excellent ability inthe tumor, which becomes a new molecule for glioma treatment. Methods: We review the current knowledge on peptides for the treatment of glioma through aPubMed-based literature search. Results: In the treatment of glioma, peptides can be used as (i) decoration on the surface of thedelivery system, facilitating the distribution and accumulation of the anti-tumor drug in target site;(ii) anti-tumor active molecules, inhibiting the growth of glioma and reducing solid tumor volume;(iii) immune-stimulating factor, and it activating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment orrecruiting immune cells to the tumor for breaking out the immunosuppression by glioma cells. Conclusion: The application of peptides has revolutionized the treatment of glioma, which basedon targeting, penetrating, anti-tumor activities and immunostimulatory. Moreover, better outcomeshave been discovered in combining different kinds of peptides rather than a single one. Until now,more and more preclinical studies have been developed with multifarious peptides, which showspromising results in vitro or vivo with the model of glioma.

Developing an efficient and feasible separation membrane is of great significance for emulsion separation. However, achieving superwettability, high separation efficiency, and high separation flux for separation membranes remains a major challenge. Therefore, we propose a kind of effective strategy to construct superwetting nanofibrous membranes with rough structure through humidity-induced electrospinning in one step. By precisely controlling the rheological properties and component content of polymer precursor solutions, the surface roughness and pore size of the nanofiber membrane fiber were accurately controlled. Due to the unique surface and pore structure of the membrane, it exhibits robust superoleophilicity, superhydrophobicity under oil (>158°), high separation flux (up to 6000 L m−2 h−1), and superior separation efficiency (less than 50 ppm water content in different filtrates). This work can extend a new perspective to the development of new high-performance liquid separation membranes.

Despite the recent recognition of 17O‐excess as a promising new tracer for hydrological processes, our knowledge of the control mechanisms underlying 17O‐excess in tropical regions remains limited. To understand how microphysical processes during tropical convection affect precipitation isotope ratios, particularly 17O‐excess, in Singapore, we collected precipitation samples at minute intervals from six rain events associated with cold surges during the Northeast Monsoon seasons and analyzed their triple oxygen isotopes. Our results show that precipitation δ18O decreases in the convective zones and then gradually increases in the stratiform zones, while d‐excess exhibits an inverse trend. This correlation between δ18O and d‐excess indicates that rain evaporation plays a crucial role in regulating precipitation isotopes. Moreover, the rain events with a higher upstream rainout amount have lower δ18O and higher 17O‐excess values, suggesting that precipitation δ18O and 17O‐excess likely reflect the integrated upstream convective activity. Microphysical processes associated with upstream convection, such as rain evaporation and vapor recycling, are potential mechanisms that increase 17O‐excess values along moisture transport pathways for a rain event, and hence, undermine the effectiveness of 17O‐excess as a tracer of moisture source humidity. Contrary to the negative correlation observed in monthly precipitation, there is generally a positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess at the event scale. However, this correlation weakens as convective rain intensifies, suggesting that stronger convection can attenuate the positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess. Therefore, it is crucial to consider how tropical convection alters 17O‐excess when utilizing this tracer to interpret atmospheric dynamics and hydrological processes. Our study investigates the impact of tropical weather systems and cloud processes on rainwater isotopes in Singapore. Understanding the factors influencing rainwater isotopes is crucial for interpreting climate dynamics. We collected rain samples at minute intervals from six events associated with cold surges during the Northeast Monsoon season and analyzed their oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. Our findings revealed that rainwater isotopes undergo changes as they progress through different phases of these weather systems, mainly due to rain evaporation. Furthermore, we observed that the amount of upstream rain affects the isotopic composition of rainwater in Singapore, suggesting that rainwater isotopes mirror the overall activity of upstream weather systems. Additionally, we found that regionally organized, stronger convection can alter the correlation between different isotopic parameters. Our research emphasizes the importance of considering the modifying effect of tropical weather systems on rainwater isotopic composition when utilizing these tracers to interpret atmospheric and hydrological processes. This highlights the significance of high‐resolution monitoring work and emphasizes the role of microphysical processes in understanding modern climate change. Rain evaporation plays a significant role in shaping tropical precipitation isotopesIntegrated upstream convection may increase 17O‐excess along moisture transport pathwaysRegional convection can attenuate the positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess Rain evaporation plays a significant role in shaping tropical precipitation isotopes Integrated upstream convection may increase 17O‐excess along moisture transport pathways Regional convection can attenuate the positive correlation between d‐excess and 17O‐excess

Hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/titanium alloy (Ti) stacks are the key load-bearing components in the aircraft structure. However, CFRP/Ti stack has poor machinability and defects are easily caused in the drilling process, resulting in the reduction of fatigue performance for aircraft structural parts. In this paper, the effects of drilling strategies on static mechanical property and fatigue behavior of open-hole CFRP laminates were studied by quasi-static tensile tests and fatigue tests. When drilling CFRP/Ti stacks from CFRP side, due to the hole defects of CFRP caused by Ti6Al4V chips, the ultimate tensile strength and fatigue life of open-hole CFRP laminates decrease by 12.5 % and 75.8 %, respectively. When drilling CFRP/Ti stacks from Ti6Al4V side, due to the drilling defects of CFRP caused by the high drilling temperature and delamination, the ultimate tensile strength and fatigue life of open-hole CFRP laminates decrease by 5.8 % and 26.5 %, respectively.

Establishing an effective method to enhance the adhesion of mortar on recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is key to the utilization of RCA. In this paper, a novel and simple approach for strengthening the mortar layer of RCA by treatment with a crystallizing agent (CA) was proposed, and the effects of different treatment regime on the density, water absorption, mineral composition, and microstructure of RCA were determined. Moreover, the performance of CA-treated RCA in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) was investigated, and its mechanism of the treatment was explored at both the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The results showed that CA treatment significantly improved the overall performance of RCA by increasing the density and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) content, which enhanced the properties of the new and old interfacial transition zones and enhanced the mechanical properties of the RAC. The improvements were attributed to the reaction of CA with calcium-rich hydration products in the mortar layer of RCA, which formed C–S–H precipitates. The newly-formed C–S–H filled the pores of RCA and blocked cracks, which improved the compactness of the RCA.

Space cooling occupies a large portion of total building energy consumption, aggravating the energy crisis and restricting human sustainable development, thus an efficient and energy-saving personal cooling technology is in high demand. Recently, thermally conductive fillers, such as boron nitride (BN), are usually enriched to fibrous materials to construct thermal management textiles. However, these fabrication processes are complex and time-consuming, and the resultant materials fail to transmit moisture and resist liquid water. Herein, we develop a facile and scalable methodology to construct highly thermoconductive breathable superhydrophobic nanofibrous membranes to enhance the thermal management of textiles for personal cooling. The strategy causes boron nitride (BN) to be linked with each other along nanofibers, and thus the membranes contain well interpenetrated BN network and remain porous structure simultaneously, improving their thermal conductivity without sacrificing the moisture permeability. In addition, the membranes possess good resistance to water penetration and intriguing superhydrophobicity due to the synergistic effect of the hydrophobic polymeric matrix and improved roughness. As a consequence, the resultant membranes demonstrate outstanding hybrid active-passive cooling performance with ultrahigh in-plane thermal conductivity of 17.9 W m–1K–1, cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.29 W m–1K–1, and high water vapor transmission (WVT) rate of 11.6 kg m–2day–1, as well as excellent water repellency with water contact angle of 153° and high hydrostatic pressure of 32 kPa, indicating promising utility for the next generation of cooling fabrics.

The glycerol phosphate pathway produces more than 90% of the liver triacylglycerol (TAG). LysoPA, an intermediate in this pathway, is produced by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 (GDPD3), whose gene was recently cloned, contains lysophospholipase D activity, which produces LysoPA from lysophospholipids. Whether human GDPD3 plays a role in hepatic TAG homeostasis is unknown. We hypothesized that human GDPD3 increases LysoPA production and availability in the glycerol phosphate pathway, promoting TAG biosynthesis. To test our hypothesis, we infected C57BL/6J mice with adeno-associated virus encoding a hepatocyte-specific albumin promoter that drives GFP (control) or FLAG-tagged human GDPD3overexpression and fed the mice chow or a Western diet to induce hepatosteatosis. Hepatic human GDPD3overexpression induced LysoPA production and increased FA uptake and incorporation into TAG in mouse hepatocytes and livers, ultimately exacerbating Western diet-induced liver steatosis. Our results also showed that individuals with hepatic steatosis have increased GDPD3mRNA levels compared with individuals without steatosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that upregulation of GDPD3 expression may play a key role in hepatic TAG accumulation and may represent a molecular target for managing hepatic steatosis.

Developing environmentally benign, multifunctional waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) is of great importance but still faces enormous challenges. Here, an environmentally benign fluorine-free, ultraviolet (UV) blocking, and antibacterial WBM with a high level of waterproofness and breathability is developed on a large scale by combining electrospinning and step-by-step surface coating technology. Fluorine-free water-based alkylacrylates with long hydrocarbon chains were coated onto polyamide 6 fibrous membranes to construct robust hydrophobic surfaces. The subsequent titanium dioxide nanoparticle emulsion coating prominently decreased the maximum pore size, leading to higher water resistance, endowing the membranes with efficient UV-resistant and antibacterial properties. The resulting fibrous membranes possessed excellent waterproofness of 106.2 kPa, exceptional breathability of 10.3 kg m–2d–1, a significant UV protection factor of 430.5, together with a definite bactericidal efficiency of 99.9%. We expect that this methodology for construction of environmentally benign and multifunctional WBMs will shed light on the material design, and the prepared membranes could implement their promising applications in covering materials, outdoor equipment, protective clothing, and high-altitude garments.

Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) with simultaneous environmental friendliness and high performance are highly desirable in a broad range of applications; however, creating such materials still remains a tough challenge. Herein, we present a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate fluorine-free, efficient, and biodegradable WBMs viastep-by-step dip-coating and heat curing technology. The hyperbranched polymer (ECO) coating containing long hydrocarbon chains provided an electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous matrix with high hydrophobicity; meanwhile, the blocked isocyanate cross-linker (BIC) coating ensured the strong attachment of hydrocarbon segments on CA surfaces. The resulting membranes (TCA) exhibited integrated properties with waterproofness of 102.9 kPa, breathability of 12.3 kg m–2d–1, and tensile strength of 16.0 MPa, which are much superior to that of previously reported fluorine-free fibrous materials. Furthermore, TCA membranes can sustain hydrophobicity after exposure to various harsh environments. More importantly, the present strategy proved to be universally applicable and effective to several other hydrophilic fibrous substrates. This work not only highlights the material design and preparation but also provides environmentally friendly and high-performance WBMs with great potential application prospects for a variety of fields.

Adsorption is one of the most efficient ways to remove antibiotics from water. Usually, adsorption of tetracycline (TC) is a typical practice for evaluating the ability of an adsorbent to treat antibiotics in water. The adsorbent of activated carbon fiber (ACF) felt can be rapidly prepared using a microwave method. Moreover, the adsorption performance of the ACF felt for TC was evaluated using a dynamic adsorption device. The results show that the Freundlich equation, the Lagergren pseudo-first-order equation, and the liquid film diffusion model are more suitable for the elaboration of adsorption behavior. More importantly, the effect of the pore structure on the adsorption performance is reflected in the adsorption site provided by the specific surface area of the micropores and the adsorption force provided by the channels formed by the pores. The ACF in this study shows excellent TC adsorption performance compared to reported adsorbents, with a maximum absorption of 315.2 mg/g. The study on the adsorption mechanism indicates that the adsorption force comes from hydrogen bonds, π–π interaction, ACF pore structures, and wicking of the textiles. The excellent adsorption performance of ACF for TC predicts great potential in the field of water remediation.

High-efficiency measurement of nitrite (NO2−) is of significant importance for both food safety and the management of health problems. In the present study, we established a fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of nitrite using 3-acetoacetyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin (ADC) and 3-aminophenol (3-Aph) based on a simplified Griess reaction and inner filter effect (IFE). Under strong acidic conditions, the rapid reaction between 3-Aph and nitrite formed an azoic compound (AZO) with the color changing from colorless to brown. The complementary spectral overlap between the absorption of AZO and the excitation of ADC induced IFE, leading to the fluorescence quenching of ADC. Under the selected optimal conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited a good linear relationship in the range from 0.1 μM to 50 μM (R2= 0.9938) with the detection limit of 24.6 nM. Besides, the detection of nitrite in real pickle and bacon samples was successful and showed a maximum of 5% relative error with acceptable recoveries, demonstrating that this promising strategy can be employed for nitrite analysis in real-time applications.

Carbon dots (CDs) having low cost and low toxicity and synthesized viaa green route were applied to establish a fluorescent nanoprobe for the measurement of glyphosate. The synthesis was realized viaa one-pot hydrothermal procedure using Sophora japonicaleaves as the carbon source. It was found that electron transfer occurred between Fe3+and the as-prepared CDs. Therefore, Fe3+exhibited a specific dynamic-quenching toward CDs. However, the electron transfer process was inhibited by glyphosate. The fluorescence of the quenched CDs/Fe3+system was recovered by the addition of glyphosate. It resulted from the strong complexation between Fe3+and the functional groups (like –PO3H2and –COOH) in the glyphosate molecule. These functional groups captured Fe3+from the CD/Fe3+system to reduce the electron transfer. With such a design, the rapid detection of glyphosate could be realized by this turn-on fluorescent sensor based on the CD/Fe3+system. Under optimal conditions, the CD/Fe3+system showed a concentration-dependent fluorescent response toward glyphosate in the linear range from 0.1 to 16 ppm. The limit of detection was calculated to be as low as 8.75 ppb (3σ/S). In addition, the successful detection of glyphosate in real samples with satisfactory recoveries exhibited a practical application of the CD/Fe3+nanoprobe in food safety and environmental monitoring.

In this work, a coumarin derivative (CND) was synthesized by a one-step condensation reaction and exhibited selective fluorescence quenching by Cu2+. Glyphosate with amine and carboxylate groups provided strong chelation for Cu2+from the CND/Cu2+system, leading to fluorescence recovery. In this strategy, a CND/Cu2+fluorescence sensing system was constructed to achieve the quantitative analysis of glyphosate. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a good linear relationship between CND and Cu2+of glyphosate concentration in the range from 0.02 μg mL−1to 1.50 μg mL−1was obtained and the correlation coefficient was 0.99. The detection limit was calculated to be 18.30 ng mL−1(S/N = 3) and presented relative advantages compared with other methods. The interference study exhibited excellent selectivity towards glyphosate. In addition, satisfactory recoveries ranging from 91.31% to 105.28% were achieved for the real samples. These results indicate that the CND/Cu2+fluorescence sensing system has practical application prospects.

Sea-level reconstructions over the past two millennia provide a pre-industrial context to assess whether the magnitude and rate of modern sea-level change is unprecedented. Sea-level records from the Indian Ocean over the past 2,000 years are sparse, while records from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans show variations less than 0.25 m and no significant negative excursions. Here, we present evidence of two low sea-level phases in the Maldives, Indian Ocean, based on fossil coral microatolls. Microatoll growth is constrained by low water levels and, consequently, they are robust recorders of past sea level. U–Th dating of the Maldivian corals identified lowstands at ad234–605 and ad1481–1807 when sea level fell to maximum depths of −0.88 m and −0.89 m respectively. These lowstands are synchronous with reductions in radiative forcing and sea surface temperature associated with the Late Antiquity Little Ice Age and the Little Ice Age. Our results provide high-fidelity observations of lower sea levels during these cool periods and show rates of change of up to 4.24 mm yr−1. Our data also confirm the acceleration of relative sea-level rise over the past two centuries and suggest that the current magnitude and rate of sea-level rise is not unprecedented.