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Data fusion of redundant MEMS inertial sensors has become a new method for reducing sensor drift error and enhancing the accuracy of navigation systems. In this paper, a redundant MEMS gyroscope system having an optimal configuration structure is constructed. Firstly, the evaluation index of a redundant gyroscope system configuration is established, and the influencing factors of the configuration are analyzed under the condition of noise correlation in the component gyroscopes. Then redundant 4,5,6-gyro systems are designed. Secondly, the optimal KF algorithm for multi-signal fusion of the redundant gyroscope system is designed to estimate the three-dimensional orthogonal angular rate. Finally, a redundant 4-IMU system is designed. The simulation results showed that the input rate signal in the body coordinate ${X}_{b} {Y}_{b}{Z}_{b}$ can be accurately estimated and the drift error in single gyroscope can be remarkably reduced by fusing the redundant measurements. The experimental results illustrated that the ARW and RRW noise on the ${X}_{b}$ , ${Y}_{b}$ and ${Z}_{b}$ axes were reduced by a factor about 3.2 and 3.7 compared to the single gyroscope. In the swing test, the ${X}_{b}$ and ${Y}_{b}$ axes’ $1\sigma $ estimated error was reduced by a factor about 4.7 using the optimal KF algorithm compared to the single gyroscope, while on the ${Z}_{b}$ axis there was a decrease by a factor about 2.6.

BackgroundTo demonstrate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of conbercept versus laser photocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DME).MethodsA 12-month multicentre, randomised, double-masked, double-sham, parallel controlled, phase III trial (Sailing Study), followed by a 12-month open-label extension study. Patients with centre-involved DME were randomly assigned to receive either laser photocoagulation followed by pro re nata (PRN) sham intravitreal injections (laser/sham) or sham laser photocoagulation followed by PRN 0.5 mg conbercept intravitreal injections (sham/conbercept). Patients who entered the extension study received PRN conbercept treatment. The primary endpoint was the changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline.ResultsA total of 248 eyes were included in the full analysis set and 157 eyes continued in the extension study. Significant improvement in mean change in BCVA from baseline to month 12 was observed in the sham/conbercept group (8.2±9.5 letters), whereas no improvement was observed in the laser/sham group (0.3±12.0 letters). Patients in the laser/sham group showed a marked improvement in BCVA after the switch to conbercept in the extension study, and there was no difference in BCVA between the two groups at the end of the extension study.ConclusionThe use of a conbercept PRN intravitreal injection regimen improved the BCVA of patients with DME, and its efficacy was better than that of laser photocoagulations, and the same efficacy was observed when the eyes treated with laser alone were switched to conbercept.Trial registration numberNCT02194634.

The 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake occurred around the Altai mountains, an intracontinental deformation belt with limited active strain-rate accumulation. To explore whether seismic activity in this deformation belt was affected by stress interaction among different active faults, we calculate the Coulomb failure stress change (ΔCFS) induced by the Fuyun earthquake due to coseismic deformation of the elastic crust and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle. Numerical results show that the total ΔCFS at a 10-km depth produced by the Fuyun earthquake attains approximately 0.015–0.134 bar near the epicenter, and just before the occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake, which distances about 400 km away from the Fuyun earthquake. Among the increased ΔCFS, viscoelastic relaxation from 1931 to 2003 contributes to approximately 0.014–0.131 bar, accounting for >90% of the total ΔCFS. More importantly, we find that for the recorded seismicity in the region with a radius of about 270 km to the Fuyun earthquake from 1970 to 2018, the percentage of earthquakes that fall in positive lobes of ΔCFS resolved on the NNW-SSE Fuyun strike-slip fault, on the NWW-SEE Irtysh strike-slip fault, and on the NW-SE Kurti reverse fault is up to 67.22%–91.36%. Therefore, the predicted ΔCFS suggests that the impact of the 1931 MW7.8 Fuyun earthquake on seismic activity around the Altai mountains is still significant as to hasten occurrence of the 2003 MW7.2 Chuya earthquake at a relatively far distance and to trigger its aftershocks in the near-field even after several decades of the mainshock.

A compact and broadband three-dimensional (3D) quasi-TE_0 and quasi-TE_1 mode (de)multiplexer [(De)MUX] is proposed via an asymmetric slot-strip coupler, in which the optimally lateral displacement between the bottom silicon slot waveguide and the upper poly-silicon strip-waveguide can enable the vertical mode-coupling efficiently. The design of the proposed 3D mode (De)MUX is based on the full-vectorial finite-element method, 3D full-vectorial finite-difference time-domain method, and mode expansion method. The optimized 3D mode (De)MUX is with a compact coupling length of only 5.65 µm, a broad 3 dB bandwidth of 231.5 nm, a low insertion loss of 0.3 dB, and a mode cross talk of −27.54dB. The fabrication tolerance is also studied with a width error of ±20nm for both the upper and lower layers.

There is no national cervical screening program or national standards for cervical cytology quality control in China. Since 2013, systematic training and quality control programs were implemented in the Papanicolaou testing process at Jinan KingMed Diagnostics. Pathologists were required to complete 1 year of cytology study in the KingMed Diagnostics Cytology School, including 6 months of a diagnostic course and 6 months of practical training in the clinical laboratory. In this study, we compared the Papanicolaou abnormal reporting rates before and after the implementation systematic training and quality control programs.

The purpose of this study was to characterize Ta14Shomoeologs and assess their functions in wheat seed development. The genomic and cDNA sequences of three Ta14Shomoeologous genes encoding 14-3-3 proteins were isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that the three homoeologs consisted of five exons and four introns and were very highly conserved in the coding regions and in exon/intron structure, whereas the cDNA sequences were variable in the 5′ and 3′-UTR. The three genes, designated as Ta14S-2A, Ta14S-2Band Ta14S-2D, were located in homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. The polypeptide chains of the three Ta14Sgenes were highly similar. These genes were most homologous to Hv14A from barley. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that the three Ta14Sgenes were differentially expressed in different organs at different developmental stages and all exhibited greater expression in primary roots of 1-day-old germlings than in other tissues. Comparison of the expression patterns of the three homoeologous genes at different times after pollination also revealed that their expression was developmentally regulated. The transcription of Ta14S-2Bwas clearly higher during seed germination, whereas expressions of Ta14S-2Aand Ta14S-2Dwere up-regulated at the beginning of seed imbibition (0–12h), but declined thereafter. The results suggested that the three Ta14Shomoeologous genes have regulatory roles in seed development and germination.

With the advances in technology, seismological theory, and data acquisition, a number of high‐resolution seismic tomography models have been published. However, discrepancies between tomography models often arise from different theoretical treatments of seismic wave propagation, different inversion strategies, and different data sets. Using a fixed velocity‐to‐density scaling and a fixed radial viscosity profile, we compute global mantle flow models associated with the different tomography models and test the impact of these for explaining surface geophysical observations (geoid, dynamic topography, stress, and strain rates). We use the joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics approach of Ghosh and Holt (2012) to compute the full lithosphere stresses, except that we use HC for the mantle circulation model, which accounts for the primary flow‐coupling features associated with density‐driven mantle flow. Our results show that the seismic tomography models of S40RTS and SAW642AN provide a better match with surface observables on a global scale than other models tested. Both of these tomography models have important similarities, including upwellings located in Pacific, Eastern Africa, Iceland, and mid‐ocean ridges in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean and downwelling flows mainly located beneath the Andes, the Middle East, and central and Southeast Asia. We calculate mantle flow associated with 36 tomography and 3 slab modelsTomography models S40RTS and SAW642AN match best with surface observablesWe identify key mantle flow features for stresses and geoid

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The existence of a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy is one proposed mechanism leading to the resilient behavior of tumor cells and poor prognosis. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the DNA methylation landscape in GBM-derived cancer stem cells (GSCs). Parallel comparisons of primary tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls (a neural stem cell (NSC) line and normal brain tissue) identified groups of hyper- and hypomethylated genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1and PTPRN2. These unique DNA methylation signatures were also found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors indicating that they are not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down-regulated in GBMs such as SPINT2, NEFMand PENK. Forced re-expression of SPINT2reduced glioma cell proliferative capacity, anchorage independent growth, cell motility, and tumor sphere formation in vitro. The results from this study demonstrate that GSCs possess unique epigenetic signatures that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of GBM.

We conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in CD19+B-cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and normal control samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). The methylation status of 1.8–2.3 million CpGs in the CLL genome was determined; about 45% of these CpGs were located in more than 23,000 CpG islands (CGIs). While global CpG methylation was similar between CLL and normal B-cells, 1764 gene promoters were identified as being differentially methylated in at least one CLL sample when compared with normal B-cell samples. Nineteen percent of the differentially methylated genes were involved in transcriptional regulation. Aberrant hypermethylation was found in all HOX gene clusters and a significant number of WNT signaling pathway genes. Hypomethylation occurred more frequently in the gene body including introns, exons, and 3′-UTRs in CLL. The NFATc1P2 promoter and first intron was found to be hypomethylated and correlated with upregulation of both NFATc1RNA and protein expression levels in CLL suggesting that an epigenetic mechanism is involved in the constitutive activation of NFAT activity in CLL cells. This comprehensive DNA methylation analysis will further our understanding of the epigenetic contribution to cellular dysfunction in CLL.

This study aimed to investigate whether plasma levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Plasma HDL-C was determined via enzymatic methods, and ICH was ascertained via medical history, physical examination, and brain imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ICH according to levels of plasma cholesterol. A total of 170 patients with ICH were identified from 6,046 participants. After adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, the OR was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.25-3.12; P< 0.01) for participants in the first tertile of HDL-C levels (<1.38 mmol/l) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.72-1.78; P= 0.59) for participants in the second tertile (1.38-1.64 mmol/l), compared with participants in the third tertile (∩≥1.65 mmol/l). Subgroup analysis indicated that the detrimental effects of HDL-C were more significant in men and lean participants than in their corresponding controls, independent of hypertension. The results presented herein indicate that low plasma HDL-C (<1.38 mmol/l) may be associated with risk of ICH.

This study aimed to investigate whether plasma levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Plasma HDL-C was determined via enzymatic methods, and ICH was ascertained via medical history, physical examination, and brain imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ICH according to levels of plasma cholesterol. A total of 170 patients with ICH were identified from 6,046 participants. After adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, the OR was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.25-3.12; P < 0.01) for participants in the first tertile of HDL-C levels (<1.38 mmol/l) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.72-1.78; P = 0.59) for participants in the second tertile (1.38-1.64 mmol/l), compared with participants in the third tertile (∩≥1.65 mmol/l). Subgroup analysis indicated that the detrimental effects of HDL-C were more significant in men and lean participants than in their corresponding controls, independent of hypertension. The results presented herein indicate that low plasma HDL-C (<1.38 mmol/l) may be associated with risk of ICH.

The tail driving system based on linear hypocycloid has the advantages of adjustable phase difference, no quick-return, and combining speed reducer with transformation mechanism. The two-joint composite motion of the driving system was realized via caudal peduncle’s linear reciprocating in cosine and caudal fin’s oscillating in sine-like. First, dynamic and hydrodynamic models were established with momentum theorem, Lagrange theorem, and two-dimensional Foil theory. Second, study on lift force and vortex ring with optimal results was further conducted by numerical simulation in FLUENT. At last, theoretical derivation and simulation results have been testified in experiments.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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