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Background: Placebo control plays an important role in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Specifying differential effects of various placebo controls on migraine prevention would be essential in the explanation of preventive treatment for migraine and the indirect comparison between different prophylactic therapeutics. Objectives: To access the impact of different non-pharmacologic placebo types on different outcomes in migraine patients. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, Embase, and Web of Science databases from the date of creation to June 19, 2023. Randomized controlled trials of migraine that included sham intervention of acupuncture or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (nVNS) or repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) were conducted. The primary outcome was the migraine days, and the secondary outcomes were the number of migraine attacks, headache days, headache frequency, and responder’s rate. Placebo effects were assessed using five individual placebos for network meta-analysis, using mean differences to measure the relative effect of pair-wise comparisons between interventions. Result: A total of 50 trials with 4880 subjects were included. Twenty-seven trials were evaluated for low risk of bias. The results of indirect comparisons show that sham rTMS and sham tDCS had optimal and similar effects in reducing migraine days; sham acupuncture has the greatest effect on reducing the number of migraine attacks and relieving headache frequency; sham rTMS had a highly significant advantage in reducing headache days compared with the other placebo controls. Conclusion: Based on the network meta-analysis results, we found that sham acupuncture had the greatest effect on migraine prophylaxis. The strong placebo effect of sham acupuncture should be considered when assessing the therapeutic effect.

Polymorphs of ZnHPO3·2H2O with centrosymmetry (Cmcm) and noncentrosymmetry (C2) structures were prepared by modified solution evaporation and seed-crystal-induced secondary nucleation methods. In Cmcm-ZnHPO3·2H2O, the zinc atoms are only octahedrally coordinated, while in C2-ZnHPO3·2H2O, they feature both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination. As a result, Cmcm-ZnHPO3·2H2O features a 2D layered structure with lattice water molecules located in the interlayer space, while C2-ZnHPO3·2H2O features a 3D electroneutral framework of tfatopology connected by Zn(1)O4, Zn(2)O6, and HPO3units. The UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra associated with Tauc’s analyses give a direct bandgap of 4.24 and 4.33 eV for Cmcm-ZnHPO3·2H2O and C2-ZnHPO3·2H2O, respectively. Moreover, C2-ZnHPO3·2H2O exhibits a weak second harmonic generation (SHG) response and a moderate birefringence for phase matching, indicating its potential as a nonlinear optical material. Detailed dipole moment calculation and analysis confirmed that the SHG response mainly derived from the HPO3pseudo-tetrahedra.

Blue-fluorescent blood-CDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method using a mixture of chicken blood and trisodium citrate and then explored as a fluorescent probe for detecting Fe3+and Hg2+. The probe showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+and Hg2+with a dramatic “on–off” fluorescence response. F−recovered the fluorescence quenching by Fe3+, and Al3+recovered the fluorescence quenching by Hg2+, showing an “off–on” fluorescence response. The blood-CDs were used as an “on–off–on” dual-channel fluorescent sensor for the detection and discrimination of Fe3+and Hg2+ions. The probe showed wide linear ranges for determination of Fe3+(0–100 μM) and Hg2+(0–120 μM) with low detection limits of 0.23 μM for Fe3+and 0.17 μM for Hg2+. This probe was practically applied for the determination of Fe3+and Hg2+in piggery feed and wastewater with good recoveries. This work provides a fluorescent probe for the quantification of Fe3+and Hg2+in livestock feed and environmental water samples.

Background: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has now been established as a safe and minimally invasive technique that is deemed feasible for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, the role of LLR in treating combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) patients has been rarely reported. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of LLR when compared with open liver resection (OLR) procedure for patients with cHCC-CC. Methods: A total of 229 cHCC-CC patients who underwent hepatic resection (34 LLR and 195 OLR patients) from January 2014 to December 2018 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were enrolled and underwent a 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis between the LLR and OLR groups to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) parameters were assessed by the log-rank test and the sensitivity analysis. Results: A total of 34 LLR and 68 OLR patients were included after PSM analysis. The LLR group displayed a shorter postoperative hospital stay (6.61 vs.8.26 days; p value< 0.001) when compared with the OLR group. No significant differences were observed in the postoperative complications’ incidence or a negative surgical margin rate between the two groups (p value= 0.409 and p value= 1.000, respectively). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inflammatory indicators in the LLR group were significantly lower than those in the OLR group on the first and third postoperative days. Additionally, OS and RFS were comparable in both the LLR and OLR groups (p value= 0.700 and p value= 0.780, respectively), and similar results were obtained by conducting a sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: LLR can impart less liver function damage, better inflammatory response attenuation contributing to a faster recovery, and parallel oncologic outcomes when compared with OLR. Therefore, LLR can be recommended as a safe and effective therapeutic modality for treating selected cHCC-CC patients, especially for those with small tumors in favorable location.

Objective:The diagnostic value of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in esophageal jujube pit impaction was explored in this study. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on MSCT data obtained from a cohort of 40 patients experiencing esophageal jujube pit impaction. The study period encompassed the interval from December 2018 to November 2019. The analysis involved examining the age distribution of the patients, the location of the jujube pit impaction, its connection to the esophagus, associated complications, and the methods used for treatment. All imaging results were compared with the outcomes of surgical or endoscopic interventions. Results:(1) Out of 40 patients, 30 individuals were 58 years old or above, constituting 75% of the study sample. (2) In 80% of the instances (32 cases), the jujube pit was located in the initial segment of the esophagus, exhibiting a spindle shape with varying levels of central low density. (3) We examined the correlation between the angle of the impacted jujube pit and the esophageal longitudinal axis, categorizing 2 cases as longitudinal impaction, 16 as oblique impaction, and 22 as transverse impaction. Among the 40 cases, 28 displayed only slight thickening of the esophageal wall at the impaction site, while 9 cases exhibited heightened periesophageal fat density, and 3 showed small periesophageal air bubbles. (4) Endoscopic evaluation identified damage to the esophageal mucosa in 35 instances and the formation of esophageal perforation in 5 cases. Among patients with perforation, one or both ends of the jujube pit had penetrated the esophageal wall, accompanied by different levels of surrounding inflammatory encapsulation. Conclusion:MSCT is crucial for pinpointing jujube pit impaction and its relation to the esophageal wall and nearby structures, aiding in preoperative and postoperative complications. It is highly feasible for endoscopic cases but limited in complex ones needing thoracoscopy or open-heart surgery.

Background: The concurrent presence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a challenge for laparoscopic surgeons to establish a routine practice. The aim of this study was to gather evidence and produce recommendations on the safe and effective practice of laparoscopic hepatectomy for patients with solitary HCC (=?5 cm) and liver cirrhosis. Methods: Between October 2013 and October 2014, 356 curative hepatectomies were performed for patients pathologically diagnosed with solitary HCC (=?5 cm) accompanied by cirrhosis (stage 4 fibrosis). To overcome selection bias, a 1:2 match using propensity score matching analysis was conducted between laparoscopic and open hepatectomy. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups, including hospitalization, operation time, blood loss, and surgical complications. Perioperative inflammation-based markers, including systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were collected from medical records and analyzed. Results: There were 43 and 77 patients in the laparoscopic and open groups, respectively. The laparoscopic group had less hepatic inflow occlusion (16.3% vs. 61%; P?<?0.001), shorter operation time (155 vs. 170 min; P?=?0.004), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (4 vs. 7 days; P?<?0.001). Although the difference was not significant (P?=?0.154), the rate of postoperative complications tended to be lower in the laparoscopic group (2.3%) compared with the open group (9.1%). The increase in postoperative SII, NLR, and LMR for laparoscopic hepatectomy were significantly lower than for open hepatectomy. NLR?<?5.8 on postoperative day 3 was significantly correlated with shorter hospital stay (P?<?0.001). Conclusions: Compared with open hepatectomy, laparoscopic hepatectomy for selected HCC patients, even in the presence of cirrhosis, might result in better perioperative outcomes and postoperative inflammatory response attenuation, and ultimately promote faster recovery. This provides evidence for considering routine laparoscopic hepatectomy through careful selection of patients with HCC.

ObjectiveTumour pathology contains rich information, including tissue structure and cell morphology, that reflects disease progression and patient survival. However, phenotypic information is subtle and complex, making the discovery of prognostic indicators from pathological images challenging.DesignAn interpretable, weakly supervised deep learning framework incorporating prior knowledge was proposed to analyse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore new prognostic phenotypes on pathological whole-slide images (WSIs) from the Zhongshan cohort of 1125 HCC patients (2451 WSIs) and TCGA cohort of 320 HCC patients (320 WSIs). A ‘tumour risk score (TRS)’ was established to evaluate patient outcomes, and then risk activation mapping (RAM) was applied to visualise the pathological phenotypes of TRS. The multi-omics data of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) HCC were used to assess the potential pathogenesis underlying TRS.ResultsSurvival analysis revealed that TRS was an independent prognosticator in both the Zhongshan cohort (p<0.0001) and TCGA cohort (p=0.0003). The predictive abilityof TRS was superior to and independent of clinical staging systems, and TRS could evenly stratify patients into up to five groups with significantly different prognoses. Notably, sinusoidal capillarisation, prominent nucleoli and karyotheca, the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and infiltrating inflammatory cells were identified as the main underlying features of TRS. The multi-omics data of TCGA HCC hint at the relevance of TRS to tumour immune infiltration and genetic alterations such as the FAT3and RYR2mutations.ConclusionOur deep learning framework is an effective and labour-saving method for decoding pathological images, providing a valuable means for HCC risk stratification and precise patient treatment.

To investigate the effects of IMPX977 on long term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in vitroand on methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) expression in mice cortex and hippocampus.

Tau protein, simply referred to as Tau, is a type of microtubule-associated protein involved in the development of nervous system. After experiencing conformational changes, abnormal mRNA splicing, etc., Tau dissociates from microtubules and undergoes a series of post-translational modification (PTM) to form pathological aggregation, which induces neurodegenerative diseases and tauopathies eventually. Numerous clinical studies suggest that it is of great significance for the early diagnosis, tracking, prevention and treatment of tauopathies by studying the pathological process of Tau protein, analyzing and evaluating its PTM and quantitative detection of concentration changes. In this paper, the conventional analysis methods for Tau protein at home and abroad were summarized and compared. Specifically, the related applications and latest research progresses of optical and electrochemical biosensors were mainly described. Furthermore, the summary of its future directions and the potential applications were proposed, which provided reference for the further research and application.

To find the effect of Paris saponin VII (PS VII)‐mediated PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway on the sensitivity of ADR‐resistant HepG2 cell (HepG2/ADR) cells to ADR. The proliferation inhibitory rates were detected by using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the intracellular accumulation of ADR. The expressions of drug‐resistant genes (P‐gp, MRP and BCRP) were detected by qRT‐PCR, cell apoptosis by Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI staining, and the expressions of drug‐resistance‐related proteins, apoptosis‐related proteins, and PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathway‐related proteins were determined by Western blotting. HepG2/ADR and HepG2 cells treated with PS VII (0.88, 1.32, 1.98, and 2.97 μM) for 48 hours showed increased proliferation inhibitory rate in a dose‐dependent manner. HepG2/ADR cells treated PS VII (0.88, 1.32, 1.98 μM) for 48 hours showed decreased IC50 of ADR. Compared with HepG2/ADR cells treated with ADR (5 nM), those treated with PS VII (≤1.98 μM) and ADR (5 nM) showed enhanced ADR accumulation, decreased drug‐resistant gene expressions, increased cell apoptosis with unregulated Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 and downregulated Bcl‐2, as well as the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathway. Moreover, the combination of ADR (5 nM), PS VII (1.98 μM), and LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor, 20 μM)/SB203580 (P38 inhibitor, 20 μM) for 48 hours could further decreased the HepG2/ADR cell viability, but induced cell apoptosis, accompanying with the decreased expressions of drug‐resistant genes. PS VII could downregulate the expressions of drug‐resistance genes, increase intracellular accumulation of ADR, promote cell apoptosis, and enhance the sensitivity of HepG2/ADR cells to ADR via PI3K/AKT/MAPK.

The present study aimed to evaluate insulin-like growth factor 2 antisense (IGF2-AS) in the villi of human embryos and compared its expression between normal pregnancy and early pregnancy loss (EPL).

Introduction of (S)-configuration is the key step in the synthesis of the anti-dementia drug Rivastigmine. Twenty-one alkylation products were obtained through simple washing with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v: 10/1) in good yields (>85%) and high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr). Moreover, the chiral auxiliary could be easily dissociated and readily regenerated. That is, the synthesis was proved to follow group-assisted purification (GAP) chemistry/technology. In addition, the chiral amine produced by this asymmetric alkylation reaction was effectively used in the synthesis of Rivastigmine.Twenty-one alkylation products were obtained through simple washing with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v: 10/1) in good yields (>85%) and high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr). That is, the synthesis was proved to follow the GAP chemistry/technology. In addition, the chiral amine produced by this asymmetric alkylation reaction was effectively used in the synthesis of Rivastigmine.

An association between genetic polymorphisms in encoding X‐ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and encoding xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) and risks of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in East Chinese Han population has been observed. Herein we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in these two DNA repair genes are likely to be important in the NSCLC in Chinese nonsmoking female patients. We recruited 327 nonsmoking female patients with NSCLC and 342 individuals with benign lung diseases or healthy controls. Genotype frequencies of XRCC1T‐77C, Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln, Pro206Pro, and XPDAsp312Asn and Lys751Gln were calculated after Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification and sequencing. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to detect the interactive effect of XRCC1and XPDgene polymorphisms. The ratio of cooking oil mist exposure history and soot exposure history, and the gene frequencies of XRCC1T‐77C TC + CC, XRCC1AG + GG, XRCC1399Gln/Gln, and XPD751Gln/Gln were higher in female patients with NSCLC than those with benign lung diseases or healthy controls. The haplotypes of XRCC1T‐Arg‐Arg‐Gln and XRCC1C‐Arg‐Arg‐Arg were positively associated with the NSCLC occurrence in nonsmoking female patients. GMDR discovered that there was an interactive model of XRCC1and XPDgenes in multiple gene loci. Logistic regression analysis showed that XRCC1T‐77C, XRCC1Pro206Pro polymorphism, cooking oil mist and soot exposure history and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage were related to NSCLC occurrence for nonsmoking female patients. Taken together, XRCC1and XPDpolymorphisms, cooking oil mist, and soot exposure history may be interactively correlated with NSCLC incidence for nonsmoking female patients.

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) activity on cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitatory neurotoxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons. Rat cortical neurons were cultured for 8 days in vitro, and divided into control, NMDA, MK-801 (selective NMDA antagonist), rosiglitazone (ROSI, PPAR-γ agonist), GW9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist), NS398 (selective COX-2 antagonist) and NS398 + ROSI groups. Two hours after treatment in each group, cell viability, intracellular Ca2+concentrations, PPAR-γ and COX-2 protein expression were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and western blot assay, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, 100 μmol/L of NMDA significantly decreased the neuronal cell viability, increased Ca2+concentrations, which also increased the COX-2 protein expression and decreased PPAR-γ expression in neurons. Compared with the NMDA group, the cell viability was increased, Ca2+concentrations and COX-2 protein expression were significantly decreased, PPAR-γ expression was significantly increased in the MK-801, ROSI, NS398 and ROSI + NS398 groups (both P < 0.01). This finding suggested that upregulation of PPAR-γ activity can inhibit COX-2 expression, decrease Ca2+concentrations in primary cultured cortical neurons, and protect neurons against NMDA-induced excitatory neurotoxicity.

Previous studies have revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while there are no further clinical studies regarding the role of HBV infection in RA progression during disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. Here, we aimed to explore the influence of HBV infection on radiographic and clinical outcomes among patients with RA in a clinical practice setting. Thirty-two consecutive patients with RA (Disease Activity Score 28-joint assessment based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) ≥2.6) with chronic HBV infection (CHB) were retrospectively recruited as the CHB group and 128 age-matched, sex-matched, and disease activity-matched contemporary patients with RA without CHB were included in the non-CHB group. Clinical data were collected at baseline and visits at month 1, 3, 6, and 12. The therapeutic target was defined as DAS28-CRP <2.6 in all patients or <3.2 in patients with long disease duration (>24 months). The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with one-year radiographic progression (a change in modified total Sharp score ≥0.5). Compared with the non-CHB group, a significantly higher percentage of patients with one-year radiographic progression was observed in the CHB group (53% vs. 17%, p< 0.001), with smaller proportions of patients achieving therapeutic target at month 6 and month 12 (53% vs. 82% and 53% vs. 75%, both p< 0.05), remission at month 6 (DAS28-CRP <2.6, 50% vs. 72%, p= 0.039), and American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20/50 responses and good or moderate European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) responses mainly at month 6 and 12 (all p< 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CHB status was significantly associated with one-year radiographic progression and failure to achieve therapeutic target within 6 months. HBV reactivation occurred in 34% of patients with CHB during one-year follow up, with two patients suffering hepatitis flare. HBV infection may play a deleterious role in radiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with RA, and HBV reactivation should be paid close attention during immunosuppressive therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the specific biomarkers of AD, and many clinical studies suggest that abnormal levels of Aβ in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue are closely related to the progression of AD. The analysis and evaluation of Aβ are important for early detection, tracking, prevention, and treatment of AD. In this paper, the present situations of the commonly used detection methods of Aβ at home and abroad were summarized and compared. Specifically, the latest application of new electrochemical biosensor in Aβ detection was mainly described, and the summary of its future directions and the potential applications was given.

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (about 85–90% of primary liver cancer) is particularly prevalent in China because of the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection. HCC is the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths in China. It poses a significant threat to the life and health of Chinese people. Summary:This guideline presents official recommendations of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China on the surveillance, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of HCC occurring in China. The guideline was written by more than 50 experts in the field of HCC in China (including liver surgeons, medical oncologists, hepatologists, interventional radiologists, and diagnostic radiologists) on the basis of recent evidence and expert opinions, balance of benefits and harms, cost-benefit strategies, and other clinical considerations. Key Messages:The guideline presents the Chinese staging system, and recommendations regarding patients with HCC in China to ensure optimum patient outcomes.

To investigate the effects of Zhengtian Pills (ZTP) on long term potentiation (LTP) both in Schaffer-CA1 in vitroand perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in vivo.

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in assessing liver fibrosis preoperatively in infants with biliary atresia (BA). A total of 50 consecutive infants with BA and 50 healthy infants who underwent ARFI examination were recruited. Siemens Acuson S2000 in Virtual Touch Quantification mode (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) was used to measure shear wave speeds (SWSs). All infants with BA underwent a liver biopsy within 3 days after ARFI imaging. The liver fibrosis stages of specimens were defined according to the Batts‐Ludwig scoring system. The correlation analysis was performed between SWSs and pathological findings. Cut‐off values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The mean SWS in the BA group was significantly higher than controls (mean ± standard deviation): 1.89 ± 0.45 versus 1.12 ± 0.06 m/s; P< .001). A significant correlation was found between the SWSs and fibrosis stages (r= 0.719, P< .001). The cut‐off value for predicting significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2), severe fibrosis (F ≥ 3), and cirrhosis (F = 4) was 1.53, 1.80 and 2.16 m/s, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.823, 0.884 and 0.917, respectively. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging showed significant correlation with the severity of liver fibrosis by comparing it with liver fibrosis biopsy pathology. It may be an effective method for liver fibrosis assessment, prognosis prediction, and clinical management in infants with BA.

To investigate the effect of IMPX977 on methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) expression in rats.

The effects of triethanolamine on the compressive strength and setting time of fly ash cementitious materials, slag cementitious materials, and limestone cementitious materials were investigated. The results show that the dosage of 0.04% of triethanolamine can significantly improve the 3d, 7d and 28d compressive strength of fly ash cementitious materials. It possesses less impact on the setting time. The dosage of 0.04% of triethanolamine can significantly improve the 3d and 7d compressive strength of slag cementitious materials while the effect of late strength is not obvious. It extends the initial setting time and the final setting time is not changed, which has retarding effect. The results of hydration heat and XRD show that triethanolamine extends the induction period of cement hydration, and gypsum is exhausted in advance during the hydration process. Triethanolamine promotes the transformation of AFt to AFm and there is no effect on the type of hydration products.

In order to investigate the early hydration behavior of rapid setting and hardening belite sulfoaluminate cements, the methods of X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Compressive Strength test and Setting Times test were used to identify and quantify the hydration kinetics and microstructure of this new-found cements in China. The results showed that the main mineral compositions of high belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker included calcium sulfoaluminate (4CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), belite (2CaO·SiO2), ferrite phase, free gypsum and free lime. It was found that not only the setting time and compressive strength but also the composition of hydration products were influenced by anhydrite to some extent. Meanwhile, a mass of AFt and AFm generated along with the hydration process at different ages, overlapped, crossed and penetrated through calcium silicate hydrate gel and aluminum oxide to form a relatively dense structure which could contribute to the high strength of cement.

To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 (HMGN2) on Escherichia coliK12, focusing on the antibacterial and antibiofilm formation effects. Its chemotactic activity on human neutrophils was also investigated. Human tissue-derived HMGN2 (tHMGN2) was extracted from fresh uterus fiber cystadenoma and purified by HP1100 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Recombinant human HMGN2 (rHMGN2) was generated in E. coliDE3 carrying PET-32ac(+)- HMGN2. Antibacterial activity of HMGN2 was determined using an agarose diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMGN2 was determined by the microdilution broth method. Bacterial membrane permeability assay and DNA binding assay were performed. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 was investigated using a crystal violet assay and electron microscopy scanning. The activating effect and chemotactic activity of HMGN2 on neutrophils were determined using a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay and Transwell chamber cell migration assay, respectively. HMGN2 showed a relatively high potency against Gram-negative bacteria E. coliand the MIC of HMGN2 was 16.25 μg/ml. Elevated bacterial membrane permeability was observed in HMGN2-treated E. coliK12. HMGN2 could also bind the bacterial plasmid and genomic DNA in a dose-dependent manner. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 on E. coliK12 was confirmed by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. However, the activating effects and chemotactic effects of HMGN2 on human neutrophils were not observed. As an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), HMGN2 possessed a good capacity for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on E. coliK12. This capacity might be associated with disruption of the bacterial membrane and combination of DNA, which might affect the growth and viability of E. coli. 报道高迁移率族蛋白N2(HMGN2)对大肠埃希 菌(Escherichia coli)K12 的抗菌功能, 并对其抗 菌机制进行探讨, 同时检验HMGN2 对中性粒细 胞是否具有趋化活性。 从分子水平上探讨了HMGN2 对大肠埃希菌的抗 菌机制。 用反相高效液相色谱法从人类子宫纤维囊腺瘤中 提取组织细胞的HMGN2 分子(tHMGN2)。诱 导重组表达质粒PET-32a-c(+)-HMGN2 表达重组 蛋白HMGN2(rHMGN2)。用琼脂糖凝胶弥散 法对HMGN2 的抗菌活性进行检测, 并用微量肉 汤稀释法测定HMGN2 的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。 通过膜通透性实验和凝胶阻滞实验检测HMGN2 对细菌菌膜和核酸的作用。通过结晶紫实验和电 镜扫描验证HMGN2 的抗生物被膜形成作用。通 过氮蓝四唑(NBT)法和Transwell 趋化法分别验 证HMGN2 的活化效应和对中性粒细胞的趋化活 性。 我们分离纯化获得了高质量的天然和重组HMGN2 分子, 同时验证了HMGN2 对革兰氏阴性大肠埃 希菌具有较强的抗菌活性, MIC 为16.25 μg/ml。 细菌膜通透性实验发现HMGN2 使大肠埃希菌膜 渗透性明显增大。HMGN2 分子与大肠埃希菌 K12 染色体DNA和质粒DNA的结合均呈浓度依 赖效应。银染和扫描电镜结果显示, HMGN2 与 大肠埃希菌共培养可干扰细菌生物被膜形成, 并 破坏已形成的早期和成熟生物被膜。然而HMGN2 对中性粒细胞没有活化作用和趋化作用。 作为抗菌肽, HMGN2对大肠埃希菌有良好的抗菌 活性。该活性可能通过影响细胞膜的通透性和干 扰细菌DNA转录以及干扰生物被膜而发挥作用。

This paper describes the performance tests for a high-viscosity asphalt mixture (HVAM) mixed with a newly developed high-viscosity asphalt (HVA) used for steel bridge deck pavement. Binder test results showed that the resistance to high-temperature rutting and low-temperature cracking of the HVA increased significantly compared to that of traditional asphalt binder and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt binder. Then stone mastic asphalt with this HVA was designed by Marshall Method and its engineering properties were investigated, and test results showed that HVAM has better fatigue performance and resistance against damage induced by temperature and moisture than that mixed with SBS-modified asphalt. Furthermore, dynamic modulus tests were performed on the HVAM and then master curves of the dynamic modulus and phase angle were constructed based on test results, which can be used for structure design of bridge deck paving. Application results proved the applicability of the HVAM as deck-paving materials for steel bridges.

Objective The average 5-year survival rate of breast cancer (BC) patients has been significantly prolonged with new therapeutic methods. However, their effects on BC patient long-term survival rates are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the specific clinical factors that can affect BC long-term survival.Methods Here, we conducted a retrospective study and analyzed long-term survival using data of 3,240 BC patients from 1977 to 2005 from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results Breast tumor size and stage were negatively correlated with long-term survival, but age showed no significant correlation. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were each positively correlated with patient survival time, while ERBB2 receptor (HER2) expression was negatively correlated with survival time. Patients with high Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) values did not benefit from available therapies. Furthermore, breast-conserving surgery is more conducive to BC patient long-term survival than mastectomy.Conclusions Early detection and breast-conserving surgery may support long-term survival for BC patients. Elevated expression of ER and PR were both associated with longer patient survival time, while positive expression of HER2 showed the opposite trend. The long-term survival rates of patients with high NPI values can potentially be increased.

In the present study, genetic parameters for longevity and genetic correlations with back fat (BF), average daily gain (ADG), and first mating age (FMA) were estimated from 19 300 Yorkshire and 18 378 Landrace sows from 12 farms derived from one breeding system. General linear models (GLM) were employed to estimate genetic correlations with heritability (h2). Longevity was defined by six different parameters (i.e., traits) and heritability ranged from h2=0.13 to 0.16 (P<0.05) in both swine breeds. Genetic correlations between different longevity definitions were positive and high (r=0.79 to 0.99; P<0.05). BF exhibited low positive genetic correlations (r=0.12 to 0.15; P<0.05) with longevity traits identified in both pig breeds which were dependent on trait definition, whereas ADG and FMA showed weak negative genetic correlations with longevity traits. The influence of BF, ADG, and FMA on longevity traits was examined by dividing the production and reproductive traits into several numerical groups; the influence of each longevity trait was subsequently analyzed among the different groups. The results indicated BF was the best trait to improve longevity among BF, ADG, and FMA, which showed positive effects for almost all longevity traits. For Yorkshire sows, gilts with over 18 mm BF were most desirable; Landrace with 10.6–13 mm BF were suitable for longevity. ADG was not favorable for gilt selection, because the correlation between growth rate and longevity very low. For FMA, our results indicated gilts mating before 230 days exhibited a longer life span. Therefore, we suggest farmers should select for thicker back fat and mate at an earlier age to improve sow longevity.

To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of Zhengtian Pills (ZTP) on migraine headache.

To investigate the effect of oleuropein (OE) on long term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses in vivo.

In order to improve the quality of prints, we usually add additional OG or RGB ink on the basis of the four-color printing ink (CMYK) to increase the printing color gamut. After that, the conventional separation technology is no longer suit for multi-color printing, so the multi-color separation technology is put forward. Currently, the main multi-color separation method is color partition technology. It divided the color space into five or six partitions. Then each partition was subdivided into several cells, and then established the polynomial color separation model for each cell. In this paper, we improved the selection of samples and cell search method. The experimental results showed that the color separation algorithm had high color separation accuracy and stability and could meet the demand of high precision multi-color printing.