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An efficient method for phosphine-catalyzed sulfophosphinoylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones for synthesis allylic organophosphorus compounds has been reported, in which α,β-unsaturated compounds acting as zwitterions react with electrophiles and nucleophiles to form a C–P bond and a C–O bond and obtain allylic organophosphorus with high regio- and stereoselectivity in moderate to excellent yields.

An effective multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 4-phosphorylated 4H-chromenes via a tandem phosphorylation/alkylation/cyclization/dehydration sequence with water as the only byproduct was developed. Extensive mechanistic investigations involving in situ NMR experiments, time control experiments, and in situ HRMS experiment allowed us to elucidate the order of each subreaction to arrive at a complete understanding of the underlying mechanism of this multicomponent reaction. Mechanistic data confirm that the reaction begins with a phospha-aldol-elimination, followed by addition of a ketone enolate, intermolecular alkylation, intramolecular cyclization, and dehydration under acidic conditions.

TiZrTaNb-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are research frontier of biomedical materials due to their high hardness, good yield strength, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Sn, as an essential trace element in the human body that plays a significant role in physiological process. It has stable chemical properties and a low elastic modulus. In this study, a new material, TiZrTaNbSn HEAs, was proposed as a potential biomedical alloy. The Ti35Zr25Ta15Nb15Sn10biomedical high-entropy alloys (BHEAs) were successfully prepared through an arc melting furnace and then remelted using a German high-temperature and high-pressure apparatus under GPa-level (4 GPa and 7 GPa). The precipitation behavior of the needle-like HCP-Zr5Sn3phase that precipitates discontinuously at the grain boundary was successfully controlled. The phase constitution, microstructure, and corrosion resistance of the alloy were studied. The results show that the needle-like HCP-Zr5Sn3phase is eliminated and the (Zr, Sn)-rich nanoprecipitated phase is precipitated in the microstructure under high pressure, which leads to the narrowing of grain boundaries and consequently improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy. In addition, the formation mechanisms of (Zr, Sn)-rich nanoprecipitates in BHEAs were discussed. More Zr and Sn dissolve in the matrix due to the effect of high pressure, during the cooling process, they precipitate to form a (Zr, Sn)-rich nano-precipitated phase.

This paper presents an experimental study on the compressive properties and creep behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn-Nd alloy. A total of 42 specimens are prepared and tested, including 18 compression tests and 24 creep tests. The investigation aims to evaluate the influence of material orientation, temperature, and initial stress (for creep test only) on the compressive behavior of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn-Nd alloy. First, the results of compression tests are analyzed, revealing insights into the anisotropic behavior, failure mode, yield strength, ultimate compressive strength, and failure strain of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn-Nd alloy under compressive loading. Then, according to the experimental data from creep tests, where the steady creep rate, stress exponent and activation energy are calibrated. Furthermore, the creep mechanisms of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn-Nd alloy under various material orientations are discussed. Additionally, the authors analyze and compare the Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn-Nd alloy before and after undergoing compressive creep. Finally, based on the test results, a mathematical model is proposed to describe the development of compressive creep strain.

C22H22N4O8Mn, monoclinic, P21/c(no. 14), a= 12.7620(10) Å, b= 14.980(2) Å, c= 13.2910(11) Å, β= 120.070(5)°, V= 2198.9(4) Å3, Z= 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0594, wRref(F2) = 0.1345, T= 293(2) K.

In mammals, mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is involved in mitochondrial fusion, and suppresses the virus-induced RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. However, little is known about the function of MFN2 in non-mammalian species. In the present study, we cloned an MFN2 ortholog (LcMFN2) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Phylogenetic analysis showed that MFN2 emerged after the divergence of amphioxus and vertebrates. The protein sequences of MFN2 were well conserved from fish to mammals. LcMFN2 was expressed in all the tissues/organs examined at different levels, and its expression was upregulated in response to poly(I:C) stimulation. Overexpression of LcMFN2 inhibited MAVS-induced type I interferon (IFN) promoter activation and antiviral gene expression. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous LcMFN2 enhanced poly(I:C) induced production of type I IFNs. Additionally, LcMFN2 enhanced K48-linked polyubiquitination of MAVS, promoting its degradation. Also, overexpression of LcMFN2 impaired the cellular antiviral response, as evidenced by the increased expression of viral genes and more severe cytopathic effects (CPE) in cells infected with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). These results indicated that LcMFN2 inhibited type I IFN response by degrading MAVS, suggesting its negative regulatory role in cellular antiviral response. Therefore, our study sheds a new light on the regulatory mechanisms of the cellular antiviral response in teleosts.

High-entropy alloys have been proved to be potential candidate materials in the biomedical field due to their balanced mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. The effects of atomic ratios on the as-cast microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and electrochemical property of TiZrTaNbSn high-entropy alloys were studied systematically. The crystal structure of TiZrTaNbSn high-entropy alloys is single BCC phase, and the microstructural evolution is based on atomic ratio. The dendric structure, peritectic structure, pseudo eutectic and equiaxed grain, which are associated with element segregation, can be obtained by non-equal atomic ratio. Ti30Zr20Ta20Nb20Sn10alloy demonstrates a high compressive strength and fracture strain, which are 2,571.8 MPa and 12%, respectively, and the fracture behavior is quasi-cleavage faults. The Ti45Z35Ta5Nb5Sn10, Ti30Zr20Ta20Nb20Sn10and Ti35Zr25Ta15Nb15Sn10alloys show excellent corrosion resistance according to Nyquist diagram, polarization curves and corrosion morphology. Compared with TiZrTaNbSn alloy, the corrosion rate of Ti45Zr35Ta5Nb5Sn10alloy increases by about 98.9%. It can be concluded that non-equal atomic ratios are effective for microstructure control and performance optimization.

Industrial spent MoSi2-based materials were used to fabricate oxidation-resistant coatings on molybdenum via slurry painting in air. The microstructure, phase constituent and high-temperature oxidation behaviors of the coatings at 1500 °C were explored. The results show that the bonding layer is generated in the coatings after sintering, which strengthens the metallurgical combination between the coating and the substrate because of the formation of diffusion layers. Rare cracks appear in the coating using pure MoSi2(PM coating) while the coating using spent MoSi2(SM coating) is free of cracks due to decreased thermal expansion mismatch. After oxidation, the oxide scale of PM coating possesses large-sized pores while a relatively dense oxide scale is acquired by SM coating. Compared with PM coating, thinner glassy oxide scale with lower mass gain is obtained by SM coating, exhibiting better anti-oxidation properties at 1500 °C.

The nonlinear flow of liquids through nanoscale channels play an important role in the separation and purification properties of porous membranes, the manufacture of biofilm ionic channels and microfluidic chips, the production of micro electro-mechanical systems. Silicon oil flow experiments were conducted through anodic alumina films with pore sizes of 26, 67, 89, and 124 nm, in which flow mechanism and characteristics of the oil through the nanoscale channels were analyzed. Four nanoflow features are revealed: (1) The experimental flow rate is less than the theoretical flow rate through nanochannels, as solid-liquid interaction increasing flow resistance. (2) At small shear rate, the boundary layer is one, indicating existence of a threshold pressure of oil flow through nanochannels. (3) The boundary layer decreases with the increasing of shear rate, and it rapidly decreases as shear rate increases when the value of shear rate is small. (4) The drag coefficient decreases nonlinearly with increasing shear rate, decreasing more slowly when value of shear rate is big, and trending towards 1 in the case of large shear rate. It is shown that the non-linearity of flow is induced by great solid-liquid interaction in nano and microscale, and increasing the driving force can raise the efficiency at the nanometer scale.

Collective cell migration plays a key role in tissue repair, metastasis, and development. Cellular tension is a vital mechanical regulator during the force-driven cell movements. However, the contribution and mechanism of cell–cell force interaction and energetic costs during cell migration are yet to be understood. Here, we attempted to unfold the mechanism of collective cell movement through quantification of the intercellular tension and energetic costs. The measurement of pN intercellular force is based on a “spring-like” DNA-probe and a molecular tension fluorescence microscopy. During the process of wound healing, the intercellular force along with the cell monolayer mainly originates from actin polymerization, which is strongly related to the cellular energy metabolism level. Intracellular force at different spatial regions of wound and the energetic costs of leader and follower cells were measured. The maximum force and energy consumption are mainly concentrated at the wound edge and dynamically changed along with different stages of wound healing. These results indicated the domination of leader cells other than follower cells during the collective cell migration.

The Ti-48at.%Al alloy solidified under different pressures was prepared using a tungsten-carbide six-anvil apparatus and then heat treated at different temperatures. The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of high pressure solidified Ti-48Al alloy was investigated. The results showed that the phase constitution of the Ti-48Al alloy solidified under high pressure did not change after heat treatment. After 1,100 °C/12 h AC (air cooling), the value of c/a showed a slight increase. The Widmanstätten structure was formed in the samples solidified under 2 GPa and 4 GPa. More defects were found in the high-pressure samples. The volume fraction of a2particles increased with an increase in pressure. After 1,150 °C/4 h AC, the discontinuous coarsening phenomenon could only be found in the 4 GPa solidified samples. The formation of a2phase can lead to the increase of nanohardness. Compared with the samples before heat treatment, the nanohardness increased about 1.0–1.2 GPa.

Spaser nanoparticles, with ultranarrow spectral line width, small size and good biocompatibility, offer a bright prospect as potential biological probes. Sadly, over 10 years since the first demonstration, how the structure components determine their optical performance has not been clarified. Here the effects of gain layer thickness and dye emitter density on the lasing behavior and photostability of spaser nanoparticles are theoretically and experimentally addressed. Results show that for a 16 nm gold-core cavity, gain layer of 10–15 nm is adequate to maximize the spaser emission. For this type of nanoparticle–spaser system, the minimal number of dye emitters per particle, referred to as “dye threshold”, is also vital to spasing action besides the “pump threshold” of laser power. Moreover, dye emitter distribution within the gain layer could be another approach to further improve spaser performance. These contributions give us an opportunity to profoundly understand the physical essence of spaser nanoparticles and to optimize their performance for further biology application.

Triticum aestivumL. cv.Guizi 1 (GZ1) is a drought-tolerant local purple wheat cultivar. It is not clear how purple wheat resists drought stress, but it could be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, transcriptome data from drought-treated samples and controls were compared. Drought slightly reduced the anthocyanin, protein and starch contents of GZ1 grains and significantly reduced the grain weight. Under drought stress, 16 682 transcripts were reduced, 27 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 379 DEGs, including DREBs, were related to defense response. The defense-response genes included response to water deprivation, reactive oxygen, bacteria, fungi, etc. Most of the structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, with only TaDFR, TaOMT, Ta5, 3GT, and TaMYB-4B1being upregulated. TaCHS, TaF3H, TaCHI, Ta4CL, and TaF3'Hare involved in responses to UV, hormones, and stimulus. TaCHS-2D1, TaDFR-2D2, TaDFR-7D, TaOMT-5A, Ta5,3GT-1B1, Ta5,3GT-3A, and Ta5,3GT-7B1 connect anthocyanin biosynthesis with other pathways, and their interacting proteins are involved in primary metabolism, genetic regulation, growth and development, and defense responses. There is further speculation about the defense-responsive network in purple wheat. The results indicated that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes were stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat GZ1, and anthocyanin biosynthesis also participated in the drought defense response through several structural genes.

In this work, in situgrowth of a titanium dioxide microplug (TDMP) having mesoporous channels at the tip of a glass micropipette induced by space-confined evaporation is reported. Moreover, clear ion current rectification (ICR) of a single-material nanopore in a saturated potassium chloride solution is observed for the first time. TDMP presents an asymmetrical channel structure with the top and bottom apertures of 12.3 ± 6.1 and 42.6 ± 19.7 nm, respectively. TDMP exhibits outstanding ICR capability as the ions get transported through it due to the applied potential. The values for the rectification coefficient (r= log2|I+1 V/I–1 V|) in a saturated KCl solution under acidic (pH of 3.0) and alkaline (pH of 10.0) environments are 1.32 and −0.84, respectively. The intensity and direction of ICR can be adjusted by pH or through the modification of citric acid. Meanwhile, the length and ion transport behavior of TDMP under different growth conditions (time and diameter) were also investigated. TDMP with asymmetric mesoporous channels, maintaining ICR in a saturated salt solution, is expected to expand the application of nanopores in high-salt environments. Furthermore, growth of mesoporous material in the micropipette facilitates the miniaturization of the nanopore device, which further promotes its application potential.

In this paper, the effect of initial tensile strength on the explosive welding interface morphology and welding quality was studied. The plates with different initial tensile strength were fabricated via the explosive welding method under the same parameters. Microstructure and hardness at the interface were obtained. According to the characterization, the results demonstrated the morphology of the cross sections is greatly influenced by the strength of the plates. Microhardness analysis confirms that the explosive joining section has work hardening and thermal softening effect occurred. Furthermore, the explosive welding process was numerically simulated by AUTODYN and the temperature distribution of the interfaces was obtained, and it reveals that the strength is negligible and the interface can only be considered as incompressible flow when the pressure ratio σ¯$$ \overline{\sigma} $$is large enough. Otherwise, the strength of the plates cannot be neglected.

In order to improve the wettability and antiprotein adsorption property of PDMS, heptamethyltrisiloxane (a well-known superspreader) was coated onto the PDMS substrates by a swelling–deswelling process. PDMS films were first immersed in heptamethyltrisiloxane solution mixtures to coat heptamethyltrisiloxane onto PDMS. During the deswelling process, the hydrophobic siloxane group of the superspreader heptamethyltrisiloxane was trapped in the PDMS matrix, while the hydrophilic group EO was exposed to the surface. In this manner, heptamethyltrisiloxane was finally coated on the PDMS surface via swelling–deswelling process. Contact angle measurements, optical property analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to confirm that durable hydrophilic and transparent PDMS surfaces were successfully obtained. The PDMS surface wettability could be adjusted by tuning the solubility parameters of the solution mixture. Additionally, antiprotein adsorption property was investigated and the result indicated the heptamethyltrisiloxane was tethered onto the PDMS surface. The swelling–deswelling method can be applied for the modification of other crosslinked polymers to obtain antifouling surfaces and functional materials for biomedical applications. A superspreading surfactant (Silwet-L77) was coated onto the PDMS surface by the swelling–deswelling process, to improve its hydrophilicity and antiprotein adsorption properties.

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast represents a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 1% to 2% of all breast cancers worldwide. Although clinically asymptomatic, they are usually detected during routine breast screenings. The common symptoms include breast lumps, skin or nipple changes, and nipple discharge. Histopathologically, IMPCs are characterized by tumor cells forming small papillary-like structures inside the glandular spaces, and arranged in an inverted pattern, with their apex pointing toward the center of the gland. This unique morphological feature is critical for diagnosing these cases. Another notable characteristic is its high propensity for lymph node metastasis (LNM). While the precise mechanism of metastasis is not clear, unique cellular arrangement and cellular interactions with the surrounding environment might promote tumorigenesis and higher node positivity. Hence, proper lymph node dissection and assessment are particularly crucial for this type of breast cancer. This review aims to discuss the recent progress in managing IMPC cases.

An effective and economical copper-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of phosphorylated 1H-isochromenes is reported. This method is the first example of focus on ketone phosphonylation to establish a C–P bond and 6-endo-digcyclization to construct a C–O bond between aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkynylketones and H-phosphinate esters, H-phosphites, and H-phosphine oxides, resulting in chemo- and regioselective phosphorylated 1H-isochromenes with moderate to excellent yields under smooth reaction conditions.

The wettability between silicon carbide and aluminum is poor, silicon carbide is difficult to fuse or the distribution of silicon carbide is not uniform in the ingot when the SiCp / 7075 composite is prepared by melt casting.The surface modification of SiCp by nickel plating can significantly reduce the wetting angle of SiC/Al and improve the distribution uniformity of silicon carbide in SiCp / 7075. In this thesis, the thermal compression process 6.5% SiCp / 7075 reinforced by nickel-plated modified silicon carbide is simulated by DEFOEM-3D software.The influence of the shape and particle size of nickel-plated modified silicon carbide on its compressive damage has been highlighted, and the deformation characteristics of the SiC/Ni/Al interface layer in the thermal compression process have been discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the 6.5% SiCp / 7075 reinforced by spherical nickel-plated modified silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 15 μm has the smallest compression damage value of 0.0426, at this point the compression temperature is 400°C, the compression ratio is 15, and the compression rate is 0.03s-1. the hot compression test of 6.5% SiCp / 7075 reinforced by spherical nickel-plated modified silicon carbide particles with a particle size of 15 μm was performed by using the same compression parameters as the numerical simulation. After hot pressing, the sample had a smooth surface with few obvious cracks, which was consistent with the numerical simulation results. Key words: nickel-plating modification; silicon carbide particles; compressive damage; grain size; grain morphology

Yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanopowders were synthesized from co-crystallized precursors of Y2(SO4)3, Al(NO3)3-Al2(SO4)3 and Y(NO3)3 with a three-layer core-shell structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that too much was detrimental to the synthesis of pure phase YAG because of the serious separation between Y2(SO4)3 and Al(NO3)3-Al2(SO4)3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that was beneficial for the dispersion of the powders owing to the high decomposition temperature of . The powders with the n()/n(Y3+) mole ratio of 1.5/3 calcined at 1050°C showed good sintering activity.

Gram-negative bacterium-released outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) and Gram-positive bacterium-released membrane vesicles (MVs) share significant similarities with mammalian cell-derived MVs (eg, microvesicles and exosomes) in terms of structure and their biological activities. Recent studies have revealed that bacterial OMVs/MVs could (1) interact with immune cells to regulate inflammatory responses, (2) transport virulence factors (eg, enzymes, DNA and small RNAs) to host cells and result in cell injury, (3) enhance barrier function by stimulating the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, (4) upregulate the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and (5) serve as natural nanocarriers for immunogenic antigens, enzyme support and drug delivery. In addition, OMVs/MVs can enter the systemic circulation and induce a variety of immunological and metabolic responses. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of OMV/MV biogenesis and their compositional remodeling. In addition, interactions between OMVs/MVs and various types of mammalian cells (ie, immune cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells) and their pathological/preventive effects on infectious/inflammatory diseases are summarized. Finally, methods for engineering OMVs/MVs and their therapeutic potential are discussed.

Aiming at the special service environment of aluminum alloy drill pipe, in this paper, the influence of extrusion texture on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of aluminum alloy drill pipe was studied. And the macroscopic textures of longitudinal profile and cross section of aluminum alloy drill pipe were tested, and the tensile, compressive and impact mechanical properties were tested, followed by immersion and electrochemical testing. The results show that the texture which 2A12T4 aluminum alloy drill pipe contains is <001> and <111> along the extrusion direction and <223>, <101> in the transverse direction. The test results of mechanical properties show that the extruded texture will affects the mechanical properties of material. When the cross section and longitudinal profile samples of 2A12T4 were soaked in 3.5% NaCl solution at 25°C, 60°C and 90°C, their corrosion resistance are different. The pits of transverse specimens exhibit a dispersed distribution and that of longitudinal specimens are distributed along the extrusion direction.

The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary supplementation of tea polyphenols (TP) and tea catechins (TC) affect laying performance, albumen quality, ovomucin composition, and magnum morphology of laying hens in the late phase of production. Two hundred seventy Hy-Line Brown laying hens (64 wk old) were assigned to a basal diet (the control), the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg tea polyphenols (TP200) or 200 mg/kg tea catechins (TC200). Each treatment had 6 replicates with 15 hens each. The feeding trial lasted 10 wks. Over the course of the trial, dietary supplementation with TP200significantly increased the egg production (EP) and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in wk 6 to 10 and wk 1 to 10 (P< 0.05). The albumen height and the Haugh unit (HU) of hens fed TP200were higher than those of hens fed the control diet at wks 8 and 10 (P< 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the albumen height and the HU between the TP200and TC200groups (P> 0.05). The SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that bands of the ovomucin fractions in the TP200group had the highest intensity compared with those of the control and TC200groups. Compared with the control, there was a significant increase in protein sulfhydryl (SH) content of the albumen in the TP200group at the end of experiment, while a significant decrease in protein carbonyl content and protein surface hydrophobicity (P< 0.05). There were also obvious increase in the height and width of the primary folds, epithelial cell height, and cilia height of the simple columnar epithelium in the TP200group compared with the control and TC200groups (P< 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg TP can improve performance, albumen quality, and magnum morphology of aged hens. In addition, TP rather than TC could improve the health status of the magnum for aged layers.

AbstractWith the rapid development of e-commerce, how to grasp the main influence factors and promote the employment potential of e-commerce service industry? The employment influencing factors of e-commerce service industry and its influence degree are discussed. The employment influencing factors model is proposed by partial least squares method. The research indicates that economic growth, urbanization, e-commerce development, human capital and informatization has the positive role in promoting the employment of e-commerce service industry; the opening degree has a crowding-out effect on employment; while the role of technological progress in employment is not clear.

Mechanical force between cells relates to many biological processes of cell development. The cellular collective migration comes from cell-cell cooperation, and studying the intercellular mechanical properties helps elucidate collective cell migration. Herein, we studied cell-cell junctions, intercellular tensile force and the related cellular energetic costs in confined microchannels. Using the intercellular force sensor, we found that cells adapt to different confinement environments by regulating intercellular force, and thereby the relationship between collective cell migration and cell-cell junction were verified. Through the observation of cell orientation, actomyosin contractility, energetic costs, and glucose uptake, we can make a reasonable explanation of cell-force driven migration in different confined environments. Under highly confined conditions, the intercellular force and energetic costs are greater, and the cell orientation is more orderly. The collective migration behavior in confined spaces is closely related to the intercellular force and energetic costs, which is helpful to understand the collective migration behaviors in various confined spaces.

We developed a new quantitative detection method for trace sulfur ions (S2−) in water using a Cu-containing metal–organic framework material (CuBDC) and 6-carboxyfluorescein group (FAM)-labeled DNA of arbitrary sequence. Without S2−in the system, the FAM-labeled DNA can be adsorbed on the CuBDC surface through π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, and then the fluorescent dye FAM is near the Cu2+on the CuBDC surface, and the fluorescence of FAM is quenched by a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism between Cu2+and FAM. With S2−in the system, S2−reacts with Cu2+in CuBDC to form the more structurally stable compound CuS, leading to CuBDC decomposition, and the FAM-labeled DNA detaches from the CuBDC surface and the fluorescence of FAM recovers. The quantitative detection of S2−is realized according to the change in FAM fluorescence intensity. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relationship holds between the fluorescence intensity (Fi) of FAM and the concentration (Ci) of S2−in the range of 2–120 nmol/L, and the detection limit is 1.5 nmol/L (3σ, n= 9). The method has good selectivity and accuracy, and it can be applied to rapidly and accurately analyze S2−in real water samples.

AbstractWith the rapid development of network and information technology, how to grasp the main influence factors and promote the healthy development of modern service industry? Based on the time series data from year 2000 to 2013, this paper analyzes the status quo of modern service industry in China and discusses its influence factors. This paper proposes the influence factor model of the development of modern service industry by grey relational analysis, and analyzes the influence factors and their contributions using weighted relational degree. The results indicate: (1) despite the fast development speed of modern service industry, its value-added proportion is relatively low; (2) the most critical factors affecting the development of modern service industry are informatization, marketization, urbanization and industrialization; education development and economic development have a little impact. In order to promote its development, this paper puts forward some rational suggestions in the aspects of strengthening information construction, deepening market reform, promoting industrial upgrading and optimizing internal structure, and providing sufficient material conditions and specialized personnel.

In the present research, a kind of special emulsions explosive was prepared with taking Ferric nitrate and Manganese nitrate as main oxidants and composite oil as fuel, in which the Magnesium and zinc elements were added and doped in Mn ferrites. The results of which were compared by that of detonation of gas (Hydrogen and oxygen). Results indicated that the detonation products were the same structure, i.e. Jacobsite structure. That is to say, Magnesium and zinc elements were successfully doped in MnFe2O4 crystals. TEM indicated that the powders were spherical and average size was about 20~30nm. The product that obtained by gas detonation was better dispersed and worse uniform than that by explosive. Zn and high content Mg both had great effect on the stability and detonation properties of the explosive, which could produce impurities in detonation products.

Wave energy fluctuating a great deal endangers the security of power grid especially micro grid in island. A DC nano grid supported by batteries is proposed to smooth the output power of wave energy converters (WECs). Thus, renewable energy converters connected to DC grid is a new subject. The characteristics of WECs are very important to the connection technology of HPTO type WECs and DC nano grid. Hydraulic power take-off system (HPTO) is the core unit of the largest category of WECs, with the functions of supplying suitable damping for a WEC to absorb wave energy, and converting captured wave energy to electricity. The HPTO is divided into a hydraulic energy storage system (HESS) and a hydraulic power generation system (HPGS). A primary numerical model for the HPGS is established in this paper. Three important basic characteristics of the HPGS are deduced, which reveal how the generator load determines the HPGS rotation rate. Therefore, the connector of HPTO type WEC and DC nano grid would be an uncontrollable rectifier with high reliability, also would be a controllable power converter with high efficiency, such as interleaved boost converter-IBC. The research shows that it is very flexible to connect to DC nano grid for WECs, but bypass resistance loads are indispensable for the security of WECs.

With available melting point and hardness, the Bi-based filler alloy is considered as one choice of high-temperature Pb-free solder. Phase diagram can play an important role in the design of new type of Pb-free solder.In the present work, the thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Nd and the Au-Lu binary systems have been carried out by the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) method based on the available experimental data. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by subregular solution models with the Redlich-Kister equation, and those of the intermetallic compounds were described by sublattice models. A set of self-consistent and reasonable thermodynamic parameters is obtained for the binary systems, which describes the Gibbs energies of the solution phases and the intermetallic compounds phases. Additionally, combined the reported Bi-Au, Bi-Lu and Bi-Nd binary systems, the thermodynamic database of the Bi-Au-Lu and the Bi-Au-Nd ternary systems have been developed, which will provide important thermodynamic information for the phase equilibria of the multicomponent Bi-based alloy systems.

An effective and economical acid-promoted three-component reaction for the construction of C–P and C–C bonds for the synthesis of γ-ketophosphine oxides with water as the only byproduct was developed. Detailed mechanistic experiments confirmed that the reaction proceeds by phospha-aldol elimination, in which a benzylic carbocation is generated from the phosphorylation of aldehydes, which then reacts with ketone enolates under acidic conditions.

This paper presents the design of an interface circuit for storing power generated by low-frequency vibration based electrostatic energy harvesters. The circuit includes a structure of negative voltage converter with an active diode to minimize the forward voltage drop, and it also includes a boost-buck converter to accommodate a wide input voltage. The circuit has also been optimized to perform resistive matching. The maximum voltage of the capacitor in charging reaches about 1.83 V in simulation.

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical property of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum matrix composite reinforced by SiC particles with the contents of 2.5, 4.5, and 6.5wt% through vacuum casting are studied. The homogenization treatment was conducted at 465°C heat insulation for 24h. The purpose of this study is to analyze hot extrusion influence on the microstructure and hardness of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum matrix composite. SiCp under pre-processing possesses good wetability with the analysis of Laser Particle Sizer and XRD. Metallurgical microscope, XRD, SEM and EDS is applied to analyze the microstructure of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum matrix composite. It has proved that the hot extrusion can effectively improve the homogenization of SiCp and dissolve the second rough phases to reinforce the dispersal of CuAl2 and MgZn2 phase. The hardness of Al/SiCp composite rises as the increase of the SiCp content. It is shown that when the SiCp content is above 5%, its hardness obviously reinforced as well as that of the Al/SiCp composite.

The addition of the rare earth elements into the Ag-based filler alloy, which is typical and important, can control and eliminate the negative effect of impurity elements, and furthermore, it improves the spreading property of the Ag-based filler alloy. Phase diagram provides an important direction for materials design of the Ag-based filler alloy. Thus it is necessary to investigate the phase diagrams and construct the thermodynamic database. On the basis of this background, thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Gd, Tb binary systems were carried out by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method based on the experimental data including thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases were described by sub-regular solution models with the Redlich-Kister equation, while all of the intermetallic compounds were described by sub-lattice models. A consistent set of thermodynamic parameters was derived from describing the Gibbs free energies of each solution phase and intermetallic compound. The calculated phase diagram achieved consistency with the available experiments. Then combined with the assessed relevant binary systems, the Ag-Au-Gd, Tb ternary systems have been predicted. The thermodynamic database of these ternary systems has been developed to present the significant information for the design of Ag-based filler alloys.

The pitting behavior of 304 stainless steel in the simulated condensate with different salt content (4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 16 mg/L, 32 mg/L, 64 mg/L) and sulfur content (1.2 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L) was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curve and static immersion methods. The simulated condensate was simulating the condensed water in the unit of refining heavy oil with high salt and high sulfur. The results showed that with the increase in chloride ions concentration, the pitting potential of 304 stainless steel decreased and the pitting sensitivity increased. The pitting sensitivity of 304 stainless steel also increased with the increase in sulfide ions concentration. In several experimental mediums, when the concentration of chloride ions and sulfide ions were 64 mg/L, 5 g/L respectively, the number and the size of corrosion pits both were the largest, the pitting behavior was the most serious.