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The extensive agricultural use of the fungicide difenoconazole (DIF) and its associated toxicity increasingly damage ecosystems and human health. Thus, an urgent need is to develop environmentally friendly technological approaches capable of effectively removing DIF residues. In this study, strain Pseudomonas putidaA-3 was isolated for the first time which can degrade DIF efficiently. After optimization of the degradation conditions, the degradation rate reached 75.98%. Moreover, a new DIF degradation pathway, including hydroxylation, hydrolysis, dechlorination, and ether bond breaking. The acute and chronic toxicity of DIF degradation products assessed using ECOSAR software showed lower toxicity than the parent compound. Furthermore, strain A-3 remarkably accelerated the degradation of DIF in contaminated water-sediment systems. We successfully predicted six potential key enzymes for DIF degradation based on the results of whole genome sequencing, RT-qPCR, and molecular docking. Overall, the results revealed novel pathways for DIF biodegradation and provide a strong candidate for bioremediation of DIF residue-polluted environments.

The recent works of Wei et al. highlight the importance of perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface to the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells. The optimization of both the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and carrier mobility of ETLs can improve the device performance substantially. To further support the experimental findings, we present device simulations using commercial software to demonstrate the effect of the ETL on the photovoltaic performance, which is consistent with the experimental results.

This study proposes an interdigital conductance sensor (ICS) for measuring the thickness of a liquid film with a nonuniform distribution of inclined gas–liquid two-phase flow. To optimize the electric field distribution of the sensor, an interdigital structure is introduced on the ring electrode base. Initially, a finite element model is employed to compare the ICS with the traditional ring electrode sensor, demonstrating that the ICS exhibits a broader range in high field strength distribution area, rendering it more suitable for quantifying variations in liquid film thickness. The parameters such as the width and height of the interfingers, as well as the number of interfinger, are optimized to achieve an optimal distribution of sensitivity field for the sensor. Subsequently, dynamic experiments involving inclined gas–liquid two-phase flow and static experiments for sensor calibration were conducted. The optimized ICS is employed for the measurement of inclined gas–liquid two-phase flow and compared with image processing results for liquid film thickness determination. The obtained results demonstrate the accurate capability of the ICS in measuring nonuniformly distributed liquid film thicknesses. This study presents a novel tool for multiphase flow measurement.

Machine-learning-based scoring functions (MLSFs) have gained attention for their potential to improve accuracy in binding affinity prediction and structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) compared to classical SFs. Developing accurate MLSFs for SBVS requires a large and unbiased dataset that includes structurally diverse actives and decoys. Unfortunately, most datasets suffer from hidden biases and data insufficiency. Here, we developed topology-based and conformation-based decoys database (ToCoDDB). The biological targets and active ligands in ToCoDDB were collected from scientific literature and established datasets. The decoys were generated and debiased by using conditional recurrent neural networks and molecular docking. ToCoDDB is presently the largest unbiased database with 2.4 million decoys encompassing 155 targets. The detailed information and performance benchmark for each target are provided, which are beneficial for training and evaluating MLSFs. Moreover, the online decoys generation function of ToCoDDB further expands its application range to any target. ToCoDDB is freely available at http://cadd.zju.edu.cn/tocodecoy/.

Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agriculture, public health, and household hygiene. Owing to its effective insecticidal properties, it is commonly used to control a variety of pests, including mosquitoes, flies and beetles. However, excessive use of malathion can lead to environmental pollution, as well as neurological and reproductive damage, cancer and other health risks. To ensure the safe application of malathion in agricultural production, residual malathion in the environment can be treated through photodegradation, advanced oxidation or microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is more economical, environmentally friendly and effective than chemical and physical degradation methods. Potential microorganisms for malathion degradation include, but are not limited to Pseudomonas aureus, Lactobacilli, Pseudomonas putida, Micrococcus, Acetobacter liquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, Brevibacterium, and Acinetobacter baumannii. This review aims to describe the application and insecticidal mechanism of malathion, summarize its toxicity and discuss the degradation strategies and pathways for malathion. This paper thus provides a theoretical basis for the degradation of malathion residues in the environment, which helps to reduces the hazards of chemical pesticides to both the ecological environment and human health.

Photogeneration of charge carriers in semiconductors provides the scientific fundamental for photocatalytic water splitting. However, an ongoing challenge is the development of a new mechanism promoting charge carrier separation. Here we propose a trap-state-induced interfacial charge-transfer transition mechanism (TSICTT), in which electrons in long-lived trap states recombine with holes on the valence band (VB) of the semiconductor, thus prolonging the electron lifetime. We demonstrate this concept in the Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+, Dy3+/CdS (SAO/CdS) heterostructure, where trapped electrons with a lifetime of up to several hours in the SAO persistent luminescence phosphor (PLP) can continuously consume holes on the VB of CdS nanoparticles (NPs). We discover that the interfacial interaction and the work function difference between SAO and CdS are crucial for the TSICTT, which finally contributes to the improved H2production from 34.4 to 1212.9 μmol gCdS–1h–1under visible-light irradiation. This model introduces a new strategy to manipulate charge carrier transport for the effective utilization of solar energy.

Development of accurate machine-learning-based scoring functions (MLSFs) for structure-based virtual screening against a given target requires a large unbiased dataset with structurally diverse actives and decoys. However, most datasets for the development of MLSFs were designed for traditional SFs and may suffer from hidden biases and data insufficiency. Hereby, we developed a new approach named Topology-based and Conformation-based decoys generation (TocoDecoy), which integrates two strategies to generate decoys by tweaking the actives for a specific target, to generate unbiased and expandable datasets for training and benchmarking MLSFs. For hidden bias evaluation, the performance of InteractionGraphNet (IGN) trained on the TocoDecoy, LIT-PCBA, and DUD-E-like datasets was assessed. The results illustrate that the IGN model trained on the TocoDecoy dataset is competitive with that trained on the LIT-PCBA dataset but remarkably outperforms that trained on the DUD-E dataset, suggesting that the decoys in TocoDecoy are unbiased for training and benchmarking MLSFs.

ABSTRACTAmong cardiovascular diseases, myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a major pathological change underlying heart failure and is associated with a high mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying MF has remained elusive. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for cardiovascular diseases, exhibits good anti-inflammatory and blood-activating properties. In the present study, we studied the MF inhibitory effect of BYHWD using network pharmacology and experimental validation. We used several databases to collect information on MF and related drugs and finally obtained cross-targets for BYHWD and MF. After that we got protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to obtain key signaling pathways for further study. After screening, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) were selected for in vitroexperiments, which included cell cycle studies, cell migration rate, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting (WB). Finally, molecular docking was performed to validate the results. We found 299 common targets between BYHWD and MF. In total, 75 core targets of the PPI core network were selected for enrichment analysis, and the IL-17 signaling pathway, which is intricately linked to inflammation, was speculated to be involved. Accordingly, in vitroexperiments were performed. Altogether, our findings indicated that BYHWD can affect the function of cardiac fibroblasts and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in rats. In summary, BYHWD can inhibit MF by reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and affecting the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Children exposed to common aeroallergens may develop asthma that progresses into adulthood. Inflammation regulated by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, a specific subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes, is involved in asthmatic injury. Herein, our microarray data indicated that microRNA-451a-5p (miRNA-451a) expression decreased by 4.6-fold and ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) increased by 2.2-fold in the peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from asthmatic children (n= 4) as compared to control individuals (n= 4). The negative correlation between miRNA-451a and ETS1 was further validated in 40 CD4+ T cell samples (10 healthy vs. 30 asthmatic samples). In vitro, naïve CD4+ T cells isolated from control individuals were cultured under Th2 cell polarizing condition. miRNA-451a expression decreased while ETS1 increased in CD4+ T cells in the setting of Th2 cell polarization. Moreover, miRNA-451a knockdown enhanced Th2 cell polarization – cells positive for both GATA3 (GATA binding protein 3, a Th2-transcription factor) and CD4 increased, and the generation of Th2 cell cytokines, interleukin (IL)5 and IL13, increased. In contrast, miRNA-451a overexpression inhibited Th2 cell differentiation. Interestingly, dual-Luciferase assay proved ETS1 as a novel target of miRNA-451a. Moreover, enforced expression of ETS1 partially restored miRNA-451a-induced inhibition of IL5 and IL13, and increased the GATA3+CD4+ cell population. Collectively, our work demonstrates that downregulation of miRNA-451a upregulates ETS1 expression in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to Th2 cell differentiation in pediatric asthma.

IMPORTANCE: Hormonal changes during menopause have been associated with significant changes in voice. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used primarily to manage systemic symptoms of menopause, its association with voice in postmenopausal women has not been adequately investigated by large-scale studies. OBJECTIVE: To compare fundamental frequency between postmenopausal women who used HRT and those who did not use HRT. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane EBM Reviews, and Embase were searched from 1946 to February 19, 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Studies included in the final review were those in English that compared voice outcomes in postmenopausal women who were or were not receiving HRT for treatment of climacteric symptoms associated with menopause. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent investigators. Study quality was assessed using a validated quality tool. Whenever possible, data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the difference in speaking fundamental frequency (F0) between HRT users and nonusers. Subgroup analysis of the primary outcome was based on body mass index (BMI) using a cutoff value of 25. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal, and a BMI of at least 25 is considered overweight. Secondary outcomes included other objective measurements of voice, including jitter and shimmer. RESULTS: A total of 937 records were screened, 18 full texts were assessed, and 11 studies were included in the final review. All 11 studies were case-control studies and were rated from fair to good quality based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 5 studies including 154 participants who received HRT and 154 controls were used for meta-analysis. The mean (SD) F0 was 185.9 (8.6) Hz for HRT users compared with 174.6 (6.6) Hz for nonusers. Hormone replacement therapy was associated with a higher mean F0 by a difference of 11.85 Hz (95% CI, 7.35-16.36 Hz). Subgroup analysis showed that the change in F0 was significant in postmenopausal women with a normal body mass index (mean difference, 13.47 Hz; 95% CI, 8.48-18.46 Hz) but not in those with a high body mass index. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Existing evidence suggests that HRT is associated with a higher F0 in postmenopausal women. The effectiveness of the treatment appeared to be more pronounced in women with a normal body mass index.

As a global malignancy with high mortality rate, targeted drug development for Uterine Cervical Neoplasms is an important direction. The traditional formula Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) is widely used in gynecological diseases. However, its potential mechanism of action remains to be discovered. We retrieved GFW and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) targets from public databases. The protein–protein interaction network was obtained by string computational analysis and imported Cytoscape_v3.9.0 to obtain the core network and the top 10 Hub genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analysis of the core network, and then molecular docking to verify whether the selected signaling pathway binds well to the core node. Finally, clinical prognostic analysis and expression differences of Hub genes were validated using the Cancer Genome Atlas database and R language. Our search yielded 152 common targets for GFW and CSCC. The interleukin-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and Toll-like signaling pathway were then selected for further molecular docking from the hub genes enrichment analysis results, which showed good binding. Among the Hub genes, JUN, VEGFA, IL1B, and EGF had a poor prognosis for CSCC. In conclusion, this study illustrates that GFW can have adjuvant therapeutic effects on CSCC through multiple targets and multiple pathways, providing a basis for further research.

Fishy odor has been a major limiting factor for the production and commercialization of loach. Herein, this study aims to develop an efficient deodorization process using single-factor experiments and Design-Expert response surface methodology. The deodorization capability is evaluated using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GS-IMS). As a result, the trehalose-sweet wine koji method was selected and the final optimal deodorization conditions were shown as follows: the compound ratio of trehalose to sweet wine koji was 51:1, the content of sweet wine koji was 0.10%, and the deodorization time was 33 min at 17 °C. Under the conditions, the final trimethylamine content of loach was reduced by 89%. A total of 29 volatile compounds in loach samples before and after deodorization were identified by GC-IMS, including 11 aldehydes, 8 alcohol, 7 ketones, 1 ester, and 2 olefins. Volatile compounds responsible for fish-like odor, such as hexanal, pentanal, heptanal, benzaldehyde, octanal, nonanal, n-butanol, pentanol, and acetone, were decreased in intensity. Principal component and fingerprint analysis confirmed the deodorization effect of this process on loach was significant (p < 0.05). Collectively, the study developed an efficient loach deodorization method, which will improve the quality of loach production.

Semiconductor photocatalysts have been widely used for solar-to-hydrogen conversion; however, efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation still remains a challenge. To improve the photocatalytic activity, the critical step is the transport of photogenerated carriers from bulk to surface. Here, we report the carrier step-by-step transport (CST) for semiconductor photocatalysts through precise defect engineering. In CST, carriers can fast transport from bulk to shallow traps in the defective subsurface first, and then transfer to the surface active acceptors. The key challenge of initiating CST lies in fine controlling defect distribution in semiconductor photocatalysts to introduce the special band matching between the crystalline bulk and defect-controllable surface, moderate bridgelike shallow traps induced by subsurface defects, and abundant surface active sites induced by surface defects. In our proof-of-concept demonstration, the CST was introduced into typical semiconductor TiO2assisted by the fluorine-assisted kinetic hydrolysis method, and the designed TiO2can exhibit the state-of-the-art photocatalytic hydrogen generation rate among anatase TiO2up to 13.21 mmol h–1g–1, which is 120 times enhanced compared with crystalline anatase TiO2under sunlight. The CST initiated by precise defect distribution engineering provides a new sight on greatly improving photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance of semiconductor catalysts.

Although the significance of these findings for pathophysiologic models of primary insomnia remains unclear, this study suggests that primary insomnia is characterized by altered structural connectivity related to regulation of sleep and wakefulness, particularly involving limbic cognitive function and sensorimotor regions.

Hole transporting layer (HTL) free organometal halide perovskite solar cells have shown great promise in simplifying device architecture, fabrication process and enhancing stability. However, the simple elimination of the HTL from the standard sandwiched configuration suffers from relatively poor device performance; additionally, the mechanism of the HTL-free perovskite solar cell is still unclear. Herein, we applied a one-dimensional modeling program wxAMPS to investigate the planar HTL-free perovskite solar cells by adjusting the absorber thickness, doping and the absorber/back contact band alignment. The simulation results reveal the importance of the moderate absorber thickness as well as the p-doping perovskite rather than intrinsic as in sandwich structure to the overall device efficiency. In the meanwhile, reducing the mismatching of the absorber/back contact by using higher work function back contact material in replacement of commonly utilized Au electrode is more favorable to improve the device performance. Through optimizing, high performance HTL-free perovskite solar cell with efficiency approaching 17% could be achieved. This study is helpful in providing theoretical guidance for the design of HTL-free perovskite solar cells.

The exploration of TiO2nanostructures with fast electron transport and large specific surface area is essential for their applications in solar cells. For this aim, bunchy TiO2hierarchical spheres (BS-TiO2), consisting of multiple TiO2microspheres constructed by nanosheets and the 1D TiO2nanobelt, were rationally designed and fabricated. BS-TiO2enables the much fast charge transport properties in the photoanode (with a long electron diffusion length of 36μm) and shows large specific surface area (higher than 200m2/g), leading to excellent electron collection and light harvesting, which enable the increased conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell by 34% for BS-TiO2photoanode (7.5%) compared to nanoparticle (P25) photoanode. This work provides an important approach for the rational design of the TiO2nanostructures, which also implies the application of the bunchy TiO2hierarchical spheres in other type of solar cells, artificial photosynthesis, and other optoelectronic applications.

After the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic, global health workers have been facing an unprecedented and severe challenge. Currently, a mixturetion to inhibit the exacerbation of pulmonary inflammation caused by COVID-19, Fuzheng Yugan Mixture (FZYGM), has been approved for medical institution mixturetion notification. However, the mechanism of FZYGM remains poorly defined. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular and related physiological pathways of FZYGM as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Active molecules of FZYGM were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), while potential target genes of COVID-19 were identified by DrugBank and GeneCards. Compound-target networks and protein-protein interactions (PPI) were established by Cytoscape_v3.8.2 and String databases, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, a more in-depth study was performed using molecular docking. Our study identified 7 active compounds and 3 corresponding core targets. The main potentially acting signaling pathways include the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and coronavirus disease-COVID-19. This study shows that FZYGM can exhibit anti-COVID-19 effects through multiple targets and pathways. Therefore, FZYGM can be considered a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19, and it provides good theoretical support for subsequent experiments and clinical applications of COVID-19.

The carrier lifetime and the doping property of the lead halide perovskites are essential factors determining their application in solar cells. Hence, these two factors of the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) film were managed by postannealing, and the underlying mechanisms governing their effects on the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells were investigated. The short carrier lifetime from electron-hole bimolecular recombination, corresponding to the fast decay of photoluminescence, is achieved in perovskite films annealed at high temperatures. The doping property of the perovskite varies from p-type, intrinsic to n-type with increasing annealing temperature. The short carrier lifetime and the intrinsic feature of the perovskite benefit for high open circuit voltage of the corresponding solar cells, whereas the n-type doped perovskite leads to the high photocurrent and efficiency. Through the management of the carrier lifetime and the doping property, highly efficient perovskite solar cells with conversion efficiency over 17% were prepared. These results provide new insights into the underlying relations between the perovskite properties and the device performance.

Since 1990, the incidence of stroke has been rising to become the second leading cause of death in the world, posing a huge burden and challenge to society and families.Astragalus membranaceusand Ligusticum chuanxiong(A&L) have been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions to treat and prevent the occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS), but their mechanism of action on the disease has not been fully elucidated. The main objective of this study was to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of A&L in the treatment of IS and to perform preliminary validation.The active ingredients of A&L were obtained from the systematic pharmacology platform of traditional Chinese medicine (TCMSP) database, whereas the genes of IS were obtained from 2 major databases, DrugBank and GeneCards. Cytoscape_v3.8.2 was used to construct the TCM-active ingredient and TCM-active ingredient-cross-target-disease relationship maps, and the MCODE plug-in was used to obtain the core genes, whereas the protein-protein interaction maps were obtained from the STRING database. The results of gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment were obtained using the Hiplot online tool, and the small molecules in the relevant signalling pathways were verified by molecular docking using AutoDock.A&L contained a total of 26 eligible active ingredients, sharing 161 common targets with IS. A total of 58 core genes with 1326 edges were obtained using the MCODE plug-in. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment results showed association with interleukin-17 signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which mainly mediates the development of inflammatory responses. Furthermore, molecular docking was conducted and most of the components were found to have good binding to the receptors.This study demonstrates that A&L can be used to treat IS by controlling the inflammatory response through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and provides a reference for subsequent trials.

Since the 20thcentury, mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases has increased, posing a substantial economic burden on society. Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease that requires urgent and careful attention. This study was conducted to predict and validate the potential molecular targets and pathways of Astragalus membranaceusand Angelica sinensis(A&A) in the treatment of atherosclerosis using network pharmacology. The active ingredients of A&A were obtained using the TCMSP database, while the target genes of atherosclerosis were acquired using 2 databases, namely GeneCards and DrugBank. The disease-target-component model map and the core network were obtained using Cytoscape 3.8.2 and MCODE plug-in, respectively. The core network was then imported into the STRING database to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the HIPLOT online website. Finally, the small molecules related to key signaling pathways were molecularly docked and visualized. Under the screening conditions of oral bioavailability ≥ 30% and drug-likeness ≥ 0.18, 22 active ingredients were identified from A&A, and 174 relevant targets were obtained. Additionally, 54 active ingredients were found in the extracted core network. Interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway were selected as the main subjects through KEGG enrichment analysis. Core targets (RELA, IKBKB, CHUK, and MMP3) and active ingredients (kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin) were selected and validated using molecular docking. This study identified multiple molecular targets and pathways for A&A in the treatment of atherosclerosis. A&A has the potential to treat atherosclerosis through an antiinflammatory approach.

Paleocene lavas of the Dianzhong Formation preserved in the Linzhou Basin of South Tibet provide a unique opportunity to constrain the initial geometry of the India‐Asia collision; however, earlier studies argued a complex magnetic signature resulting from thermal and/or chemical remagnetizations. To better characterize the remanences obtained from the Dianzhong lavas, we carried out an intraformational conglomerate test on a previously‐studied section in the Linzhou Basin. The positive conglomerate test suggests that the characteristic remanences reported from the Dianzhong Formation are primary. The updated Paleocene pole confirms a paleolatitude of 6.7° ± 4.4°N for the Lhasa terrane and positions the southern margin of Asia in the equatorial humid belt. An initial collision, between India, Asia and an intra‐oceanic arc in the equatorial humid belt, may have intensified silicate weathering and resulted in an extra consummation of carbon dioxide, which contributes to a long‐term cooling of the Earth during the Cenozoic. The locus of the initial India‐Asia collision can be constrained using paleomagnetic studies on the Paleocene volcanics from the Linzhou Basin, South Tibet. However, the primary nature of the magnetic signature previously reported from the Dianzhong Formation was questioned. This study carries out an intraformational conglomerate test collected from the middle part of the Dianzhong Formation. The stable remanences isolated from a layer of intercalated lava cobbles yield a random distribution in contrast to the well‐grouped directions obtained from the over‐ and underlying lava layers resulting in a positive conglomerate test. We therefore argue for a primary nature for the characteristic remanence recorded by the Dianzhong lavas from the Linzhou Basin. Our study confirms a low latitude of ∼7°N, that is, within the equatorial humid belt, for the southern margin of Asia during ∼64–60 Ma. An initial low‐latitude collision between India and Asia is critical for understanding the tectonic and climatic significance of the India‐Asia collision. Characteristic remanences reported from the Dianzhong lavas in the Linzhou Basin are primary in originThe updated Paleocene pole confirms a low latitude of ∼7°N for the Lhasa terraneAn initial collision between India, Asia and an oceanic arc in the equatorial humid belt may contribute to the Cenozoic cooling of the Earth Characteristic remanences reported from the Dianzhong lavas in the Linzhou Basin are primary in origin The updated Paleocene pole confirms a low latitude of ∼7°N for the Lhasa terrane An initial collision between India, Asia and an oceanic arc in the equatorial humid belt may contribute to the Cenozoic cooling of the Earth