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In order to reduce energy consumption in water electrolysis, it is of great importance to design active and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution, especially based on earth-abundant metal. Here we integrate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Ni-Ni(OH)2heterostructure multifunctional components to design a self-supported 3D CNTs-Ni-Ni(OH)2catalyst for HER by composite deposition and subsequent in-situoxidation. In alkaline solution, this designed CNTs-Ni-Ni(OH)2catalyst exhibits 0 mV onset overpotential, and overpotentials of 65 mV and 109 mV at 10 and 50 mA/cm2respectively. Electrochemical measurements, characterizations, and simulation results attribute the outstanding performance to the incorporation of CNTs and heterostructure. CNTs induce the formation 3D catalytic surface, enhance electrochemical active surface area, and more importantly weaken the adsorption of H. Moreover, the formation of heterostructure, especially reversible Ni(OH)2, supplies active sites and adjusts the adsorption strength of H atom to an optimal value. CNTs and heterostructure synergistically facilitate water adsorption, promote water dissociation, and accelerate H2desorption. Significantly, integration of multifunctional components supplies a distinct strategy for development of cost-effective electrocatalyst with outstanding performance.

Detecting genes that affect specific traits (such as human diseases and crop yields) is important for treating complex diseases and improving crop quality. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides new insights and directions for understanding complex traits by identifying important single nucleotide polymorphisms. Many GWAS summary statistics data related to various complex traits have been gathered recently. Studies have shown that GWAS risk loci and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) often have a lot of overlaps, which makes gene expression gradually become an important intermediary to reveal the regulatory role of GWAS. In this review, we review three types of gene-trait association detection methods of integrating GWAS summary statistics and eQTLs data, namely colocalization methods, transcriptome-wide association study-oriented approaches, and Mendelian randomization-related methods. At the theoretical level, we discussed the differences, relationships, advantages, and disadvantages of various algorithms in the three kinds of gene-trait association detection methods. To further discuss the performance of various methods, we summarize the significant gene sets that influence high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride reported in 16 studies. We discuss the performance of various algorithms using the datasets of the four lipid traits. The advantages and limitations of various algorithms are analyzed based on experimental results, and we suggest directions for follow-up studies on detecting gene-trait associations.

Authenticating whole wheat foods poses a significant challenge for both the grain industry and consumers. Alkylresorcinols (ARs), serving as biomarkers of whole wheat, play a crucial role in assessing the authenticity of whole wheat foods. Herein, we introduce a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor with modifications involving a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and MXene nanosheets, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of ARs. Notably, we specifically chose 5-heneicosylresorcinol (AR21), the predominant homologue in whole wheat, as the template molecule. a-Cyclodextrin and acrylamide served as dual functional monomers, establishing a robust multiple interaction between the MIP and AR21. As a result, the sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.005 to 100 µg·mL–1and a low detection limit of 2.52 ng·mL–1, demonstrating exceptional selectivity and stability. When applied to commercial whole wheat foods, the assay achieved satisfactory recoveries and accuracy, strongly validating the practicality and effectiveness of this analytical technique.

Recent advancements in consumer electronics as well as imaging technology have generated abundant multimodal data for consumer-centric AI applications. Effective analysis and utilization of such heterogeneous data hold great potential for consumption decisions. Hence, effective analysis of multi-modal consumer-generated content is a prominent research topic in the field of customer-centric artificial intelligence (AI). However, two key challenges that arise in this task are multi-modal representation and fusion. To address these issues, we propose a multi-modal embedding from the language model (MELMo) enhanced decision-making model. The main idea is to extend the ELMo to a multi-modal scenario by designing a deep contextualized visual embedding from the language model (VELMo) and modeling multi-modal fusion at the decision level by using the cross-modal attention mechanism. In addition, we also designed a novel multi-task decoder to learn the shared knowledge from related tasks. We evaluate our approach on two benchmark datasets, CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI, and show that MELMo outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. The F1 scores on the CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI datasets reach 86.1% and 85.2%, respectively, representing an improvement of approximately 1.0% and 1.3% over the state-of-the-art system, providing an effective technique for multimodal consumer analytics in electronics and beyond.

The conversion of DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by TET enzymes represents a significant epigenetic modification, yet its role in early human embryos remains largely unknown. Here we showed that the early human embryo inherited a significant amount of 5hmCs from an oocyte, which unexpectedly underwent de novo hydroxymethylation during its growth. Furthermore, the generation of 5hmC in the paternal genome after fertilization roughly followed the maternal pattern, which was linked to DNA methylation dynamics and regions of sustained methylation. The 5hmCs persisted until the eight-cell stage and exhibited high enrichment at OTX2 binding sites, whereas knockdown of OTX2 in human embryos compromised the expression of early lineage genes. Specifically, the depletion of 5hmC affected the activation of embryonic genes, which was further evaluated by ectopically expressing mouse Tet3 in human early embryos. These findings revealed distinct dynamics of 5hmC and unravelled its multifaceted functions in early human embryonic development.

The global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) water vapor tomography technique has been successfully used as a promising tool for sensing atmospheric water vapor and applied to weather forecasting in recent years. In most tomography models, the single grid resolution, i.e., the same horizontal resolution, is widely adopted to divide the 3-D tomographic domain into many small voxels. However, the single-resolution GNSS tomography (SRGT) method implements the grid-based parametrization of the physical domain and does not follow the vertical spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric water vapor. To this end, we develop a new multi-resolution GNSS tomography (MRGT) method that incorporates the vertical decline tendency of water vapor. The MRGT method generates different-resolution tomographic water vapor products in the lower, middle, and upper domains of the troposphere. Besides, a new indicator, known as the integrated water vapor (IWV) lapse rate, is introduced to determine the appropriate nonuniform stratification strategy. Eight tomography schemes were analyzed to compare the tomography results obtained from different tomography models based on the GNSS data in the Hong Kong region during June and July 2015. The results show that with respect to radiosonde data, the MGRT method reconstructs a more accurate water vapor distribution than the SRGT approach, with the average root mean square error of tomographic results reduced by 12%. Moreover, in rainfall conditions, the tomographic water vapor profiles from the MGRT model agree well with the radiosonde profiles, which highlights the potential of multi-resolution tomographic water vapor products for rainfall-related studies.

Graphical Abstract: A novel NASICON-structured Na3.5MnCr0.5Ti0.5(PO4)3nanofiber was successfully designed and prepared. This nanofiber was employed to research the multi-electron reaction and the resulting structural evolution in SIBs. The optimal Na-migration pathway has also been investigated by DFT computations. A full SIB battery was fabricated and delivered a high energy density (421 Wh kg−1) and cyclability (75.7% after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1).

Little is known about whether the association between genetic susceptibility to high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), a measure of abdominal obesity, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) is modified by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

Graphical abstract:

• Black tantalic oxide (BTO) submicro-particles were prepared. • PEEK fibers with BTO coating were woven into fabrics (PBT) as artificial ligaments. • PBT exhibited optimized surface properties and photothermal antibacterial effects. • PBT with excellent osteogenic activity promoted ligament-bone healing. Design of artificial ligaments possessing both osteogenic activity and antibacterial effect that promotes ligament-bone healing and prevents bacterial infection in bone tunnels for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains a significant challenge. In this study, black tantalic oxide (BTO) submicro-particles with oxygen vacancies and structure defects were fabricated by using traditional white tantalic oxide (WTO) through magnesium thermal reduction (MTR) method, and BTO was coated on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fibers (PKF), which were woven into fabrics (PBT) as artificial ligaments. PBT with BTO coating exhibited excellent photothermal performance, which possessed not only antibacterial effects in vitro but also anti-infective ability in vivo. PBT with optimized surface properties (e.g., submicro-topography and hydrophilicity) not only significantly facilitated rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) responses (e.g., proliferation and osteogenic differentiation) in vitro but also stimulated new bone formation for ligament-bone healing in vivo. The presence of oxygen vacancies and structure defects in BTO did not change the surface properties and osteogenic activity of BPT while displaying an outstanding photothermal antibacterial effect. In summary, BPT with osteogenic activity and photothermal antibacterial effect promoted bone regeneration and prevented bacterial infection, thereby promoting ligament-bone healing. Therefore, PBT would have tremendous potential as a novel artificial ligament for ACL reconstruction. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of lowering cholesterol levels by promoting cholesterol excretion is still lacking, and few molecular targets act on multiple cholesterol metabolic processes. In this study, we find that Nogo-B deficiency/inhibition simultaneously promotes hepatic uptake of cholesterol and cholesterol excretion. Nogo-B deficiency decreases cholesterol levels by activating ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression. We discover that Nogo-B interacts with liver X receptor α (LXRα), and Nogo-B deficiency inhibits ubiquitination degradation of LXRα, thereby enhancing its function on cholesterol excretion. Decreased cellular cholesterol levels further activate SREBP2 and LDLR expression, thereby promoting hepatic uptake of cholesterol. Nogo-B inhibition decreases atherosclerotic plaques and cholesterol levels in mice, and Nogo-B levels are correlated to cholesterol levels in human plasma. In this study, Nogo-B deficiency/inhibition not only promotes hepatic uptake of blood cholesterol but also facilitates cholesterol excretion. This study reports a strategy to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting Nogo-B expression to promote hepatic cholesterol uptake and cholesterol excretion.

The declines in laying performance during the late production period have adverse effects on the length of the production cycle. Improving the nutrition of laying hens is a crucial measure to reverse this declination. This study investigated the effect of selenium yeast (SY) on egg production, ileal gene expression and microbiota, as well as elucidating their associations in aged laying hens. A total of 375 Jinghong laying hens at 76 weeks old were randomly assigned into 5 dietary treatments, which included a selenium-deficient basal diet based on corn-soybean meal, and dietary supplementation of SY at 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 mg/kg, and sodium selenite at 0.45 mg/kg. The results showed that SY ameliorated the depression in aged laying performance in the 0.30 mg/kg group (P < 0.01). Selenium yeast significantly increased ileum selenium concentration (P < 0.05), and SY groups had higher selenium deposition efficiency than the sodium selenite group. Functional enrichment and Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis indicated that SY activated metabolic progress (e.g., glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism), immune response and oxidative stress response. Four hub genes including thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), integrin linked kinase (ILK) and leucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 (LZTS2) were involved in intestinal metabolism which was closely associated with selenium deposition/status. Moreover, the relative abundance of Veillonella, Turicibacterand Lactobacilluswas significantly increased, but the relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas was significantly decreased by SY supplementation. Multi-omics data integration and Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that both the ileum selenium content and the laying rate were highly correlated with pathways and bacteria enriched in metabolism and immune response. Meanwhile, the “switched on” gene prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) had a positive relationship with Veillonellaand a negative relationship with the opportunistic pathogens Stenotrophomonas. Overall, our study offered insight for the further exploration of the role of SY on boosting egg production and balancing ileum intestinal flora in aged laying hens.

Severe deformation, thermal runaway, and low ionic migration do harm to the applications of silicon. Herein, a negative thermal expansion material of LiTi2(PO4)3(LTP) with high ionic conductivity was synthesized and utilized to modify nanoscaled Si, and its effects were investigated. Si modified with 3 wt % LTP (SL3) shows the best performance, and its discharge capacities retain 849.4 and 410.9 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 2 A/g as temperatures are 25 and 60 °C, respectively, about 245.4 and 399.9% higher than those of Si. At 60 °C, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in Si is increased by 26 times, while the voltage difference between the main redox peaks, charge transfer resistance, and strain of the SL3 are 0.43 V, 171.4 Ω/cm2, and 211 με, respectively, around 15.7, 94.8, and 45.3 lower than those of the Si. The released heat of SL3 is declined to 175.4 J/g, about 85.9% that of the Si. The improvement mechanism of Si by LTP is discussed. It provides a path for enhancing the performance and safety of materials by decreasing heat and deformation hazards, improving the interface, and intensifying transfer.

LiNi0.88Co0.1Al0.02O2(NCA) is attractive for high-energy batteries, but phase transition and side reactions leave large volume change and thermal runaway. In order to address the drawbacks, orthorhombic Al2(WO4)3, a cheap anisotropic negative thermal expansion material, was synthesized and adopted to modify NCA, and its effects on the electrochemical performance and safety of NCA were investigated using multifarious techniques. Al2(WO4)3can greatly improve the rate performance, cyclability at different temperatures, thermal stability, and interface behavior and intensify charge transfer as well as decline the deformation and side reactions of NCA. The discharge capacity of the NCA modified with 5 wt % Al2(WO4)3reaches 170.0 mA h/g at 5.0 C and 25 °C. After 100 cycles, the values of this electrode at 1.0 C and 25 °C and at 3.0 C and 60 °C are 164.2 and 148.7 mA h/g, respectively, much higher than those of the pure NCA under the same conditions. Moreover, Al2(WO4)3declines the byproducts and cation mixing and decreases the released heat, strain, and charge-transfer resistance after cycles of NCA about 37.1, 33.0, and 32.8%, respectively. The improvement mechanism is discussed. It opens an effective avenue for the applications of energy materials by simultaneously adjusting heat, structure, interface, and deformation.

Silicon is an attractive anode material with high capacity, but its application is hampered by some problems such as severe volume change, low ionic migration ability, thermal runaway, and capacity fade. Herein, a facile way was proposed to alleviate deformation and improve ionic transport and thermal stability of nanoscaled Si by in situabsorbing heat using a negative thermal expansion ceramic of LiAlSiO4with high ionic conductivity. The Si modified with 3 wt % LiAlSiO4(SL3) exhibits the best electrochemical performance, and the specific discharge capacities can retain 777.4 and 464.3 mAh g–1after 100 cycles at 25 and 60 °C at 2 A g–1, respectively, about 239.6 and 256.6% higher than those of Si. The value can reach 807.8 mAh g–1at 4 A g–1, about 79.0% higher than that of Si. Compared to those of the Si, the strain, Rct, and heat from DSC of SL3 are reduced by approximately 67.5, 34.0, and 65.6%, respectively, while the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient is increased by ∼192.4%. According to the abundant results at different states, enhancement mechanisms were discussed. This strategy offers a novel perspective for improving the electrochemical performance and safety of energy materials via adjusting heat, deformation, ionic diffusion, and interface.

Nickel-rich layered oxides such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) deliver high specific capacity and attract extensive interest for applications, but they still face some challenges of capacity fade and thermal runaway. Herein, NCM811 was modified with a cheap orthorhombic negative-thermal-expansion (NTE) material of Al2(WO3)4to improve its electrochemical performance and safety by adjusting the heat, deformation, and interface via a simple strategy. The NCM811 material modified with 7 wt % Al2(WO3)4(NA7) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, thermal stability, and safety. Its reversible capacities can retain 162.0 and 171.5 mA h g–1after 100 cycles at 25 and 60 °C, respectively, about 13.8 and 25.4% higher than those of the pristine NCM811. Simultaneously, the strain value after cycles and released heat from differential scanning calorimetry of NCM811 are decreased by Al2(WO3)4about 50.6 and 45.3%, respectively. With the modification of Al2(WO3)4, the exothermic peak of NCM811 is up-shifted from 206.1 to 223.8 °C, while the side reaction, morphology breakdown, and structural damage are significantly prevented. According to multifarious results using various techniques, the enhancement mechanism of Al2(WO3)4for NCM811 is proposed. It supplies a facile strategy to improve the performance and safety of energy materials using a cheap NTE material.

We explore the controls of stress magnitude and orientation relative to bedding on the resulting morphology/topology of hydraulic fractures using a combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). Behavior is shown conditioned by the ratio of principal stresses λ=σ3/σ1and relative inclination of the bedding. When the lateral pressure coefficient (λ) is less than 0.67, hydraulic fractures predominantly initiate as tensile fractures along the wellbore, aligning with the maximum principal stress direction. Conversely, for λ≥0.67, shear cracks are favored to initiate for the minor stress difference, leading to a less predictable initiation and extension direction. Simultaneously, diminished stress differences correspond to elevated reservoir breakdown pressures, displaying a linear correlation with lateral pressure coefficients and little influenced by equivalent bedding orientation. Bedding plane orientation significantly impacts the mode and morphology of hydraulic fracture propagation. Bedding parallel to the direction of the minimum principal stress (σ3) favors layer-penetrating and bifurcated fractures, whereas inclined bedding facilitates the emergence of numerous steering-type and capture-type fractures. Especially at steeper inclinations (β=60∘), hydraulic fractures readily extend along the bedding surface, inducing macroscopic shear slip failure. Under high-stress disparities, the breakdown pressure exhibits greater sensitivity to bedding inclination, and its influence pattern aligns with the variations in tensile strength, typically reaching maximum and minimum values at bedding inclination angles of 0° and 60°, respectively.

Lung adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that exhibits a wide range of clinical radiological manifestations, from ground-glass opacity (GGO) to pure solid nodules, which vary greatly in terms of their biological characteristics. Our current understanding of this heterogeneity is limited. To address this gap, we analyze 58 lung adenocarcinoma patients via machine learning, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and whole-exome sequencing, and we identify six lung multicellular ecotypes (LMEs) correlating with distinct radiological patterns and cancer cell states. Notably, GGO-associated neoantigens in early-stage cancers are recognized by CD8+T cells, indicating an immune-active environment, while solid nodules feature an immune-suppressive LME with exhausted CD8+T cells, driven by specific stromal cells such as CTHCR1+fibroblasts. This study also highlights EGFR(L858R) neoantigens in GGO samples, suggesting potential CD8+T cell activation. Our findings offer valuable insights into lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity, suggesting avenues for targeted therapies in early-stage disease.

Ni-rich layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) is highly attractive for high-energy batteries, but it still faces some challenges like cyclability, rate performance, and safety caused by deformation and heat. To improve the performance of NCM811, a negative thermal expansion (NTE) material, LiZr2(PO4)3, with high ionic conductivity was adopted by in situadjusting heat and deformation as well as reducing side reactions and boosting ion transport. NCM811 modified with 3 wt % LiZr2(PO4)3can retain 162.2 mAh/g as the current rate increases to 5.0C at 25 °C, and the value reaches 177.7 mAh/g at 60 °C after 100 cycles at 1.0C, around 17.0% higher than that of NCM811. The strain and released heat of NCM811 are, respectively, decreased by about 44.2 and 32.6%, while the Li+diffusion coefficient is increased by about 300%. Combining multifarious analysis results using different techniques, enhancement mechanisms of NCM811 by LiZr2(PO4)3were discussed. The concept holds excellent promise for other energy materials with a high heat effect or low ion transport.

As a kind of green energy, wind energy has become cost-competitive mainstream energy in the world. The gearbox is one of the most important and vulnerable components in the wind turbine (WT), which suffers a high failure rate and downtime. It is of great significance to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the WT gearbox. However, in the multistage WT gearbox, the vibrations generated from different stages are coupled, which leads to a complex vibration spectral structure and brings difficulties in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Aiming to understand the vibration frequency features of multistage WT gearboxes, a novel phenomenological vibration model is established and the spectral structure is deduced by using the Fourier series analysis. In the vibration model, the phenomenon of inter-stage meshing frequency modulation (ISMFM) is considered, which is clearly proposed for the first time. The theoretical derivations are validated by both simulation and engineering tests using a 2.0 MW industrial WT gearbox. The results show that under healthy conditions, in addition to the meshing frequencies and their harmonics of each stage, there are also ISMFM sidebands in the vibration spectrum of the multistage WT gearbox, and the amplitude of the sidebands will change with the health status of the gearbox. The findings are not only applicable to the WT gearbox studied in this paper, but also to other similar multistage gearbox systems, which can provide a priori spectral structure for a multistage gear transmission system to assist its condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.

Metal-air batteries are promising for the next-generation energy storage because of attractive energy density, but they also face great challenges for applications. To intensify transfer and increase reaction active sites as well as decrease polarization, binder-free flexible three-dimensional porous oxygen electrodes were prepared by in situdeposition and decomposition of ZIF-67 on graphite foam (GF). Compared with GF, the modified sample has a much more stable discharge platform, lower charge/discharge polarization, higher reversibility, and higher reaction activity during oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction processes. The current densities of the reduction peak and oxidation peak of the pristine GF can be improved by a ZIF-67 derivative about 794 and 1367%, respectively. After 100 cycles at 0.1 mA·cm–2, the Rctof GF is decreased about 52% by the ZIF-67 derivative. The work paves a promising strategy for oxygen electrodes by combining absorption and electrocatalysis.

Drug-resistant bacterial infection and biofilm formation are the key inhibitors of wound healing, and new strategies are urgently needed to address these issues. In this study, we designed a pH-responsive co-assembled peptide hydrogel to inhibit Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection and promote wound healing. We synthesized a cationic short peptide (Nap-FFKKK) and a co-assembled hydrogel with curcumin at pH ∼ 7.8. The loaded curcumin was continuously released in a weak acid environment (pH ∼ 5.5). The lysine-rich cationic peptide inhibited biofilm formation in MRSA via electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged bacterial cell surface and, thus, provided a reinforcing antibacterial effect with curcumin. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the co-assembled system considerably reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of curcumin against MRSA by 10-fold and promoted wound healing in a mouse model of MRSA-infected wounds. This study provides a simple and promising strategy to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections in wounds.

This paper “Detecting gravitational wave with an interferometric seismometer array on lunar nearside” [1] was published in SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy(66, 109513 (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-023-2179-9). Due to an oversight on our part, some errors were made in the originally published paper. We apologize for these errors and offer the corresponding explanations and corrections for the readers.

The mixed compounds of phosphates and pyrophosphates are attractive cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their robust open framework structure and superior diffusion dynamics. However, most reported mixed phosphate cathodes generally suffer from low operating potential. Herein, we develop a bimetallic Na4Fe1.5Mn1.5(PO4)2(P2O7)/C-rGO (NFMPP/C-rGO) cathode, which possesses two working plateaus at 2.92 and 3.95 V. The obtained NFMPP/C-rGO demonstrates a stable high capacity of over 120 mAh g−1at 0.1 C. In-situXRD characterization discloses a solid solution reaction for the Fe2+/3+redox couple and a two-phase reaction for the Mn2+/3+redox couple. First-principles calculations reveal the migration of Na+in NFMPP has low barriers. This work provides a new, low-cost, earth-abundant, and stable cathode choice for practical SIBs.

Floral meristem termination is a key step leading to carpel initiation and fruit development. The frequent occurrence of heat stress due to global warming often disrupts floral determinacy, resulting in defective fruit formation. However, the detailed mechanism behind this phenomenon is largely unknown. Here, we identify CRABS CLAW a(SlCRCa) as a key regulator of floral meristem termination in tomato. SlCRCa functions as an indispensable floral meristem terminator by suppressing SlWUSactivity through a network of TOMATO AGAMOUS 1 (TAG1)-KNUCKLES (SlKNU)- INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY (SlIMA). The direct binding assay revealed that SlCRCa specifically binds to the promoter and second intron of WUSCHEL(SlWUS). We also demonstrate that SlCRCaexpression depends on brassinosteroid (BR) homeostasis in the floral meristem, which is repressed by heat stress via the circadian factor EARLY FLOWERING 3(SlELF3). Collectively, these results provide new insights into floral meristem termination and the heat stress response in flowers and fruits of tomato and suggest that SlCRCa provide a platform for multiple proteins interactions which may epigenetically abrogate stem cell activity at the transition from floral meristem to carpel initiation.

Superhydrophobic conductive materials have received a great amount of interest due to their wide applications in oil–water separation, electrically driven smart surface, electromagnetic shielding, and body motion detection. Herein, a highly conductive superhydrophobic cotton cloth is prepared by a facile method. A layer of polydopamine/reduced graphene oxide (PDA/rGO) was first coated on the cotton fabric, and then copper nanoparticles were in situ grown on the prepared surface. After further modification with stearic acid (STA), the wettability of the cotton surface changed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic (water contact angle (WCA) = 153°). The electrical conductivity of the PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton is as high as 6769 S·m–1, while the stearic acid effectively protects Cu NPs from oxidation. As a result, the superhydrophobic PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton has shown excellent electrical stability and can be used in detecting human motions in both ambient and underwater conditions. The sensor can recognize human motion from air into water and other underwater activities (e.g., underwater bending, stretching, and ultrasound). This multifunctional cotton device can be used as an ideal sensor for underwater intelligent devices and provides a basis for further research.

Recycling plays an important role in the reverse supply chain. However, the recycling quality of waste products is highly uncertain. As a related factor of reinvestment cost, quality difference affects the optimal decision in reverse supply chain. By constructing a pricing and profit model based on Stackelberg game theory, this paper studies the reverse supply chain composed by a single manufacturer and a single retailer. The model is designed to analyse the effect of quality difference on their reinvestment cost and optimal decision that results in the optimised reverse supply chain and improved profits. The result shows that the reinvestment cost is directly proportional to the quality level of recycling, inversely proportional to the quality cost coefficient. The higher the recycling quality level, the lower the cost coefficient, the greater the profit of members in the reverse supply chain system gets and the total profit of the system.

This study investigated the effects of granular activated carbon (GAC) dosing on the co-anaerobic digestion of municipal sludge and food waste. It was found that methane production increased in the GAC systems. The cumulative methane production in the 1 g·L–1GAC system was 12.14% higher than the control. The 1 g·L–1GAC system started very quickly at the initial stage of anaerobic digestion (AD) and reached the highest methane production per day on the 3rd day, while the control appeared on the 10th day. The maximum methane production per day of the 1 g·L–1experimental group was 12.27% higher than that of the control. The pH of the 1 g·L–1experimental group varied less during the entire AD cycle. The reduction in sCOD, TS, and VS of the 1 g·L–1GAC system were 48.95, 23.26, and 10.20% higher than the control, respectively. The dominant bacteria in the GAC systems were Thermotogae, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, and these bacteria play very important roles in the hydrolysis and acidification stages. The main methanogen genus in the control was Methanosarcina, and those in the experimental systems were Methanobacteriumand Methanolinea(which are hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaea).These results indicate that the addition of GAC can relieve the acidification, reduce the AD start-up time, and promote the activities and growth of microorganisms to improve methane production by enhancing direct interspecific electron transfer and interspecies hydrogen transfer.

With the development of science and technology, more and more electronic art works are presented in contemporary art. Artists use a variety of technological equipment and media to create. The creation of electronic art works gradually changes from the medium to the main body of creation. Artists use more than technology to create To achieve the purpose of creation, it is to integrate creation and technology, and to deeply explore and explore the inherent logic and cultural spirit of scientific and technological works of art. Therefore, such works have become an independent existence in the history of art. The preservation and continuation of works has become a major problem for such works. Faced with the continuous updating of technology, artists must understand the media language they use to iterate and save their works. At the same time, the preservation of works also requires more professional talents. Participate in capital and technology. In this way, electronic art works are not only short-lived in the long history of art, not just works experienced in documents and videos.

Background: In silico drug discovery has been proved to be a solidly established key component in early drug discovery. However, this task is hampered by the limitation of quantity and quality of compound databases for screening. In order to overcome these obstacles, freely accessible database resources of compounds have bloomed in recent years. Nevertheless, how to choose appropriate tools to treat these freely accessible databases is crucial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this issue. Objective: The existed advantages and drawbacks of chemical databases were analyzed and summarized based on the collected six categories of freely accessible chemical databases from literature in this review. Results: Suggestions on how and in which conditions the usage of these databases could be reasonable were provided. Tools and procedures for building 3D structure chemical libraries were also introduced. Conclusion: In this review, we described the freely accessible chemical database resources for in silico drug discovery. In particular, the chemical information for building chemical database appears as attractive resources for drug design to alleviate experimental pressure