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• Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction is synthesized by a simple, one-step hydrothermal approach. • Mn doping has three functions: regulating morphology, Ni/Fe ratio and valence states of Ni ions. • DFT calculations reveal that Mn dopants alter the intermediate adsorption energy and reduce the energy barrier. • Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction exhibits an enhanced OER performance with an ultralow overpotential. Transition metal (oxy)hydroxides are potential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts; however, simultaneously modulating multiple factors to enhance their performance is a grand challenge. Here, we report an incorporating heteroatom strategy via one-step hydrothermal approach to adjust more than one factor of Mn-doped NiFe (oxy)hydroxide (Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH) heterojunction. Mn doping regulates heterojunction morphology (reducing nanoparticles and becoming thinner and denser nanosheets), Ni/Fe ratio and valence states (Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni3+Δ) of Ni ions. The former could effectively increase surface active sites, and the latter two reduce the content of Fe in the Mn x -NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction, enabling more Ni2+ convert to Ni3+/3+Δ that have higher intrinsic OER activity. As a result, the first-rank Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH with ultra-low overpotential of 185 mV@20 mA cm−2 and 296 mV@500 mA cm−2, and the improved OER performance are outdo to those of commercial RuO 2 catalyst for OER. Moreover, the Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH affords the earliest initial potential (1.392 V vs. RHE), corresponds to a recorded low overpotential (162 mV). Based on the density functional theory (DFT), Mn dopants can alter intermediate adsorption energy and effectively decrease *OOH's energy barrier. This research exhibits a feasible strategy to design low cost electrocatalysts and provide new possibilities for future industrialization. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demolding is a crucial step in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for successfully transferring template structures onto resist materials. The process, however, is often hindered by the adhesion and friction between the template and resist, leading to inevitable defects on the replicas and posing challenges in replicating templates with high-aspect-ratio (HAR) structures. Here, we introduce a novel approach using the dissolvable template method to achieve the nondestructive demolding of structure-designable HAR nanoimprint templates. The templates were fabricated by the 3D lithography technology, employing a positive photoresist that can be easily dissolved in alkaline solutions after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By implementing this method, we successfully transferred dense arrays of pillars with a minimal diameter of 1.2 μm and a significant aspect ratio of 18, as well as a microlens array diffuser with randomly distributed structural parameters. The dissolvable template method paves the way for stress-free demolding, broadening NIL’s application range.

ZIF-67 derived cobalt-based catalysts have potential for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). In this work, core–shell structured Co-Z@TiO2catalysts with different graphitization degrees and carbon contents were handily prepared by adjusting the calcination process, using the ZIF-67 encapsulated by amorphous TiO2as the precursor. By the protection effect of the residual carbon, the aggregation of cobalt species was suppressed. The dispersion and reducibility of the catalyst can be regulated by manipulating the type and amount of residual carbon. The Co-Z@TiO2catalyst with proper carbon content exhibited high CO conversion (36.9%), C5+selectivity (80.4%), and especially gasoline range hydrocarbons (49.3%). The catalyst also showed good stability during a 110 h reaction.

Wood, as a natural biomass material, has long been a research focus. Superhydrophobic modified wood, in particular, has shown great promise in a myriad of engineering applications such as architecture, landscape, and shipbuilding. However, commercial development has encountered significant resistance due to preparation difficulties and sometimes unsatisfactory performance. In this study, hydrophobic/superhydrophobic wood comodified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTMS) was fabricated by a one-step sol–gel method that uses an in situgrowth process. Low-molecular-weight MTMS was allowed to permeate the three-dimensional porous wood interior. Then, acid–base catalysts were used to regulate the hydrolytic condensation process of MTMS and PFDTMS composite silanes to generate micro/nano hierarchical structures with low surface energy on the wood surface. The physicochemical characteristics of modified wood were investigated and the reaction mechanism established. The modified wood displayed excellent internal hydrophobicity/surface superhydrophobicity, water-moisture resistance, and dimensional stability at low fluorine concentrations. The resulting superhydrophobic surface provided stain resistance, self-cleaning ability, and loading capacity in water while exhibiting good mechanochemical stability; wood mechanical strength was also enhanced. This methodology created a superhydrophobic surface and bulk hydrophobization of wood in one step. Beyond wood, this approach is expected to provide a promising approach for functional modification of other porous composite materials.

Utilizing artificial photosynthesis to activate the CO2reduction reaction and convert it into useful chemicals could drive carbon recycling toward neutrality, effectively addressing global environmental and energy challenges in the long run. Carbon nitride is commonly used as a photocatalytic material, and the introduction of metallic element in the modification process increases the cost of the catalyst. Herein, Cu atoms are uniformly anchored on the surface of sulfur-containing carbon nitride through a convenient phytate acid-bridged approach, resulting in the novel composite catalyst of copper phytate and sulfur-containing carbon nitride (CuPA/SCN). The catalytic performance of CuPA/SCN has been greatly improved, with a CH3OH evolution rate of 11.87 μmol·g–1·h–1, which is nearly 10 times higher than that of SCN. Meanwhile, its excellent selectivity reaches up to 99.38%. Relevant tests and theoretical calculations reveal that CuPA can extract the electrons enriched at the S site and act as conductors. The surface electrons of carbon nitride are rearranged and enriched at S sites, transferred by Cu atoms, thereby promoting the continuous separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The synergistic effect between CuPA and SCN prolongs charge recombination process, effectively improving the catalytic performance of the samples. This work enriches the complex catalysts of sulfur-containing carbon nitride for the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide.

To make a further investigation into the mass-transfer mechanism of distillation in rotating packed beds (RPBs), an improved mass-transfer model based on liquid-droplet flight, liquid-droplet impingement, and gas turbulence in a pilot-scale concentric ring rotating bed (CRRB) is developed from Li’s mass-transfer model of distillation. The CCRB belongs to a type of RPB. Total reflux distillation experiments are carried out in a pilot-scale CCRB using the ethanol–water system. With the improved model and experimental data, radial distributions of liquid-droplet flying and impinging mass-transfer coefficients, local liquid- and gas-side mass-transfer coefficients, and overall volumetric gas-side mass-transfer coefficient in the rotor and casing are obtained. The improved model can accurately describe the actual mass transfer occurring in the pilot-scale CRRB. It is found that the liquid-droplet flying mass transfer has a significant contribution to the liquid-side mass transfer, and there exist gas-side end zones with excellent mass-transfer efficiency at the inner periphery of the rotor and in the casing. The total reflux distillation of the pilot-scale CRRB is basically gas-side-controlled. Also, experiments of measuring liquid distribution at the outer periphery of the pilot-scale CCRB rotor are conducted by capturing liquid trajectories on paperboards. Results show that a good and uniform liquid distribution exists at the outer periphery of the rotor, which results from the existence of the tangential slip velocity of liquid on the inner wall of the concentric ring in the pilot-scale CRRB. The improved mass-transfer model that reveals the mass-transfer mechanism of RPB distillation will significantly facilitate the industrial application of RPB in distillation.

It is widely accepted that prevéraison application of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) can delay the ripening of grapes and improve their quality. However, how NAA impacts grape aroma compound concentrations remains unclear. This study incorporated the analyses of aroma metabolome, phytohormones, and transcriptome of Vitis viniferaL. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes cultivated in continental arid/semiarid regions of western China. The analyses demonstrated that NAA application increased β-damascenone and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) in the harvested grapes by delaying véraison and upregulating VvPSY1and VvCCD4bexpressions. Additionally, NAA treatment decreased 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) at the same phenological stage. Notably, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased in NAA-treated grapes during véraison, which triggered further changes in norisoprenoid metabolisms. The ABA-responsive factor VvABF2 was potentially involved in VvPSY1positive modulation, while the auxin response factor VvARF10 may play a role in VvCCD4bupregulation and VvOMT2downregulation during NAA induction. VvARF10 possibly acts as a crosstalk node between the ABA and auxin signaling pathways following NAA treatment in regulating aroma biosynthesis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible interstitial lung disease characterized by unremitting pulmonary myofibroblasts activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and inflammatory recruitment. PF has no curable medication yet. In this study we investigated the molecular pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of PF and discovered drug lead compounds for PF therapy. A murine PF model was established in mice by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg). We showed that the protein level of pulmonary protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A, also known as PP2Cα) was significantly downregulated in PF patients and BLM-induced PF mice. We demonstrated that TRIM47 promoted ubiquitination and decreased PPM1A protein in PF progression. By screening the lab in-house compound library, we discovered otilonium bromide (OB, clinically used for treating irritable bowel syndrome) as a PPM1A enzymatic activator with an EC50value of 4.23 μM. Treatment with OB (2.5, 5 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.p., for 20 days) significantly ameliorated PF-like pathology in mice. We constructed PF mice with PPM1A-specific knockdown in the lung tissues, and determined that by targeting PPM1A, OB treatment suppressed ECM deposition through TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway in fibroblasts, repressed inflammatory responses through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in alveolar epithelial cells, and blunted the crosstalk between inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells and ECM deposition in fibroblasts. Together, our results demonstrate that pulmonary PPM1A activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for PF and highlighted the potential of OB in the treatment of the disease.

In this study, antibody response and a single-cell RNA-seq analysis were conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five different groups: naïve subjects vaccinated with AZD1222 (AZ) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso), individuals previously infected and later vaccinated (hybrid) with AZD1222 (AZ-hb) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso-hb), and those who were infected and had recovered from COVID-19 (Inf). The results showed that AZ induced more robust neutralizing antibody responses than Cso. The single-cell RNA data revealed a high frequency of memory B cells in the Cso and Cso-hb. In contrast, AZ and AZ-hb groups exhibited the highest proportion of activated naïve B cells expressing CXCR4. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+and CD8+T cells demonstrated a heterogeneous response following vaccination, hybrid immunity, or natural infection. However, a single dose of Ad5-nCoV was sufficient to strongly activate CD4+T cells (naïve and memory) expressing ANX1and FOS, similar to the hybrid response observed with AZ. An interesting finding was the robust activation of a subset of CD8+T cells expressing GZMB, GZMH, and IFNGgenes in the Cso-hb group. Our findings suggest that both vaccines effectively stimulated the cellular immune response; however, the Ad5-nCoV induced a more robust CD8+T-cell response in previously infected individuals.

Despite the improvements in clinical outcomes for DLBCL, a significant proportion of patients still face challenges with refractory/relapsed (R/R) disease after receiving first-line R-CHOP treatment. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism of R/R disease and to develop methods for identifying patients at risk of early disease progression, we integrated clinical, genetic and transcriptomic data derived from 2805 R-CHOP-treated patients from seven independent cohorts. Among these, 887 patients exhibited R/R disease within two years (poor outcome), and 1918 patients remained in remission at two years (good outcome). Our analysis identified four preferentially mutated genes (TP53, MYD88, SPEN, MYC) in the untreated (diagnostic) tumor samples from patients with poor outcomes. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed a distinct gene expression pattern linked to poor outcomes, affecting pathways involved in cell adhesion/migration, T-cell activation/regulation, PI3K, and NF-κB signaling. Moreover, we developed and validated a 24-gene expression score as an independent prognostic predictor for treatment outcomes. This score also demonstrated efficacy in further stratifying high-risk patients when integrated with existing genetic or cell-of-origin subtypes, including the unclassified cases in these models. Finally, based on these findings, we developed an online analysis tool (https://lymphprog.serve.scilifelab.se/app/lymphprog) that can be used for prognostic prediction for DLBCL patients.

Longevity of Li ion batteries strongly depends on the interaction of transporting Li ions in electrode crystals with defects. However, detailed interactions between the Li ion flux and structural defects in the host crystal remain obscure due to the transient nature of such interactions. Here, by in situ transmission electron microscopy and density function theory calculations, we reveal how the diffusion pathways and transport kinetics of a Li ion can be affected by planar defects in a tungsten trioxide lattice. We uncover that changes in charge distribution and lattice spacing along the planar defects disrupt the continuity of ion conduction channels and dramatically increase the energy barrier of Li diffusion, thus, arresting Li ions at the defect sites and twisting the lithiation front. The atomic-scale understanding holds critical implications for rational interface design in solid-state batteries and solid oxide fuel cells.

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a technique that estimates the powers of all loads within a smart home, using only the aggregated power at the main power bus. Up to today, some NILM methods have been well developed. However, their estimation accuracy can be further improved, especially when dealing with the loads that own more than two operating states. In this article, we propose a closed-loop learning method that explores feedback mechanism to reduce the estimation error of NILM. Specifically, the closed-loop learning consists of a feedforward network and a feedback network. The former aims to transform the aggregated power into load powers, as accurately as possible. The latter balances the operating states and exploits the temporal–spatial correlation of different loads, generating a feedback loss that helps improve the former’s accuracy. The proposed method is evaluated on the UK-DALE and REDD datasets and is compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Results show that the proposed method indeed improves the accuracy of NILM and can be deployed for practical applications.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) as raw materials exhibit effective catalytic performance and adsorption capabilities in the reaction of epoxides and atmospheric CO2, respectively. Nonetheless, bonding modes between ILs and COFs have restricted their utility, thereby constraining the in-depth study of synergistic catalytic mechanisms over these composite catalysts. Herein, a heterogeneous composite ([DBUH]2Cys@COF-X) were successfully prepared by the facile acid-base neutralization method, incorporating varying amounts of amino acid ILs ([DBUH]2Cys) into the pore channels of sulfonic acid-based COF (TpPa-SO3H). [DBUH]2Cys@COF-3 efficiently catalyzed epichlorohydrin with a yield of 96.38 % without any solvent or co-catalyst under atmospheric CO2. Notably, larger sterically hindered epoxides were selectively blocked on the surface of [DBUH]2Cys@COF-3, enabling [DBUH]2Cys@COF-3 to act as a gatekeeper for selectively catalyzing small sterically hindered epoxides due to [DBUH]2Cys was distributed within the pore channels of [DBUH]2Cys@COF-3. Through DFT calculations, comprehensive understanding of the synergistic activation conferred of -COO-and [DBUH]+towards CO2and epoxides in [DBUH]2Cys@COF-3 and the ring-opening mechanism was clarified. This work presents a fresh outlook on the catalyst design by the facile acid-base neutralization method for efficiently catalyzing small-hindered epoxides under atmospheric CO2.

Current cell-type annotationtools for single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) data mainly utilize well-annotated source data to help identify cell types in target data. However, on account of privacy preservation, their requirements for raw source data may not always be satisfied. In this case, achieving feature alignment between source and target data explicitly is impossible. Additionally, these methods are barely able to discover the presence of novel cell types. A subjective threshold is often selected by users to detect novel cells. We propose a universal annotation framework for scRNA-seq data called scEMAIL, which automatically detects novel cell types without accessing source data during adaptation. For new cell-type identification, a novel cell-type perception module is designed with three steps. First, an expert ensemble system measures uncertainty of each cell from three complementary aspects. Second, based on this measurement, bimodality tests are applied to detect the presence of new cell types. Third, once assured of their presence, an adaptive threshold via manifold mixup partitions target cells into “known” and “unknown” groups. Model adaptation is then conducted to alleviate the batch effect. We gather multi-order neighborhood messages globally and impose local affinity regularizations on “known” cells. These constraints mitigate wrong classifications of the source model via reliable self-supervised information of neighbors. scEMAIL is accurate and robust under various scenarios in both simulation and real data. It is also flexible to be applied to challenging single-cell ATAC-seq data without loss of superiority. The source code of scEMAIL can be accessed at https://github.com/aster-ww/scEMAILand https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007335/releases/v1.0.

Proper interface and band alignment always play essential roles in the separation of photoexcited charge of photocatalysts. In this work, we prepared a homodispersed S-scheme carbon nitride homojunction with local electron structure difference by a facile pre-doping and two-step calcination approach. Boron doping into heptazine created extra acceptor impurity, and phosphorus doping into heptazine created extra donor impurity, which eventually modulated the electronic structure of carbon nitride. As heptazines with different element doping were integrated into carbon nitride by recalcination, B–CN and P–CN formed a homodispersed homojunction and thus produced a rich interface. Meanwhile, caused by Fermi energy levels equilibrium, the band bending constructed an S-scheme homojunction, which stimulated photogenerated electrons to transfer from CB of B–CN to VB of P–CN. The homodispersed S-scheme homojunction structure led to efficient suppression of recombination of photoinduced charge and retained stronger redox charge. Consequently, the photocatalytic performance was dramatically boosted to 2620 μmol g−1from 60 μmol g−1of pure CN in 4-h hydrogen evolution from water. This novel method for electron structure engineering helped to provide a new strategy for designing homojunction photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performance.

Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have a higher risk of developing cancer, especially lymphoma. However, the molecular basis for IEI-related lymphoma is complex and remains elusive. Here, we perform an in-depth analysis of lymphoma genomes derived from 23 IEI patients. We identified and validated disease-causing or -associated germline mutations in 14 of 23 patients involving ATM, BACH2, BLM, CD70, G6PD, NBN, PIK3CD, PTEN, and TNFRSF13B. Furthermore, we profiled somatic mutations in the lymphoma genome and identified 8 genes that were mutated at a significantly higher level in IEI-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) than in non-IEI DLBCLs, such as BRCA2, NCOR1, KLF2, FAS, CCND3, and BRWD3. The latter, BRWD3, is furthermore preferentially mutated in tumors of a subgroup of activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome patients. We also identified 5 genomic mutational signatures, including 2 DNA repair deficiency-related signatures, in IEI-associated lymphomas and a strikingly high number of inter- and intrachromosomal structural variants in the tumor genome of a Bloom syndrome patient. In summary, our comprehensive genomic characterization of lymphomas derived from patients with rare genetic disorders expands our understanding of lymphomagenesis and provides new insights for targeted therapy.

Surface tension-induced shrinkage of heterogeneously bonded interfaces is a key factor in limiting the performance of nanostructures. Herein, we demonstrate a laser-induced thermo-compression bonding technology to suppress surface tension-induced shrinkage of Cu–Au bonded interface. A focused laser beam is used to apply localized heating and scattering force to the exposed Cu nanowire. The laser-induced scattering force and the heating can be adjusted by regulating the exposure intensity. When the ratio of scattering forces to the gravity of the exposed nanowire reaches 3.6 × 103, the molten Cu nanowire is compressed into flattened shape rather than shrinking into nanosphere by the surface tension. As a result, the Cu–Au bonding interface is broadened fourfold by the scattering force, leading to a reduction in contact resistance of approximately 56%. This noncontact thermo-compression bonding technology provides significant possibilities for the interconnect packaging and integration of nanodevices.

CO2-to-olefins (CTO) technology has emerged as a worthy solution for green olefin production and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. However, most of the present researches focus on the development of high-performance catalysts, while few of them devote to the process design and performance evaluation. Hence, this study proposed three candidate CTO processes via methanol-mediated, direct and indirect FTS-based routes. Based on the rigorous modeling and simulation, exergy-based (i.e., exergetic, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental) analyses were conducted to quantify the overall exergy dissipation, economic cost, and environmental impacts. More specifically, we carefully assessed and compared their comprehensive performances from the system-level, and discern the origins and formation of economic cost and environmental impacts from the component level. As a result, the direct FTS-based process has the highest exergy efficiency of 68.65 %, while the indirect FTS-based process and the methanol-intermediated process exhibit the lowest unit exergoeconomic cost and exergoenvironmental impacts of 0.147 $/kW and 38.55 mPts/kW, respectively. In addition, some pertinent optimization suggestions were proposed to enhance the systems’ thermodynamic efficiency, economic and environmental benefits. Overall, this study offers crucial insights into the thermodynamic irreversibility, economic viability, and environmental sustainability of the proposed CTO systems, propelling the frontiers of future sustainable olefin production.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk for B-cell lymphomas. We previously showed that 20% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from China, an endemic area of HBV infection, have chronic HBV infection (surface antigen–positive, HBsAg+) and are characterized by distinct clinical and genetic features. Here, we showed that 24% of follicular lymphoma (FL) Chinese patients are HBsAg+. Compared with the HBsAg− FL patients, HBsAg+ patients are younger, have a higher histological grade at diagnosis, and have a higher incidence of disease progression within 24 months. Moreover, by sequencing the genomes of 109 FL tumors, we observed enhanced mutagenesis and distinct genetic profile in HBsAg+ FLs, with a unique set of preferentially mutated genes (TNFAIP3, FAS, HIST1H1C, KLF2, TP53, PIM1, TMSB4X, DUSP2, TAGAP, LYN, and SETD2) but lack of the hallmark of HBsAg− FLs (ie, IGH/BCL2 translocations and CREBBP mutations). Transcriptomic analyses further showed that HBsAg+ FLs displayed gene-expression signatures resembling the activated B-cell–like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, involving IRF4-targeted genes and NF-κB/MYD88 signaling pathways. Finally, we identified an increased infiltration of CD8+ memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and M1 macrophages and higher T-cell exhaustion gene signature in HBsAg+ FL samples. Taken together, we present new genetic/epigenetic evidence that links chronic HBV infection to B-cell lymphomagenesis, and HBV-associated FL is likely to have a distinct cell-of-origin and represent as a separate subtype of FL. Targetable genetic/epigenetic alterations identified in tumors and their associated tumor microenvironment may provide potential novel therapeutic approaches for this subgroup of patients.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk for B-cell lymphomas. We previously showed that 20% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients from China, an endemic area of HBV infection, have chronic HBV infection (surface antigen–positive, HBsAg+) and are characterized by distinct clinical and genetic features. Here, we showed that 24% of follicular lymphoma (FL) Chinese patients are HBsAg+. Compared with the HBsAg−FL patients, HBsAg+patients are younger, have a higher histological grade at diagnosis, and have a higher incidence of disease progression within 24 months. Moreover, by sequencing the genomes of 109 FL tumors, we observed enhanced mutagenesis and distinct genetic profile in HBsAg+FLs, with a unique set of preferentially mutated genes (TNFAIP3, FAS, HIST1H1C, KLF2, TP53, PIM1, TMSB4X, DUSP2, TAGAP, LYN, and SETD2) but lack of the hallmark of HBsAg−FLs (ie, IGH/BCL2translocations and CREBBPmutations). Transcriptomic analyses further showed that HBsAg+FLs displayed gene-expression signatures resembling the activated B-cell–like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, involving IRF4-targeted genes and NF-κB/MYD88 signaling pathways. Finally, we identified an increased infiltration of CD8+memory T cells, CD4+Th1 cells, and M1 macrophages and higher T-cell exhaustion gene signature in HBsAg+FL samples. Taken together, we present new genetic/epigenetic evidence that links chronic HBV infection to B-cell lymphomagenesis, and HBV-associated FL is likely to have a distinct cell-of-origin and represent as a separate subtype of FL. Targetable genetic/epigenetic alterations identified in tumors and their associated tumor microenvironment may provide potential novel therapeutic approaches for this subgroup of patients.

C20H15F5N2O3, orthorhombic, Pbca(no. 61), a= 10.9913 (4) Å, b= 11.0451(5) Å, c= 30.3925(14) Å, V= 3689.6 (3) Å3, Z= 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0360, wRref(F2) = 0.0927, T = 170 K.

Electrochemical cycling induces transition-metal (TM) ion migration and oxygen vacancy formation in layered transition-metal oxides, thus causing performance decay. Here, a combination of ab initiocalculations and atomic level imaging is used to explore the TM migration mechanisms in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(NMC333). For the bulk model, TM/Li exchange is an favorable energy pathway for TM migration. For the surface region with the presence of oxygen vacancies, TM condensation via substitution of Li vacancies (TMsub) deciphers the frequently observed TM segregation phenomena in the surface region. Ni migrates much more easily in both the bulk and surface regions, highlighting the critical role of Ni in stabilizing layered cathodes. Moreover, once TM ions migrate to the Li layer, it is easier for TM ions to diffuse and form a TM-enriched surface layer. The present study provides vital insights into the potential paths to tailor layered cathodes with a high structural stability and superior performance.

Photocatalytic CO2reduction plays an important role in solving environmental issues and alleviating the energy crisis. However, it is still challenging to distribute the surface-active site on photocatalysts with efficient separation of carriers in rational. Herein, the Cu species loaded SrTiO3nanofiber was constructed through coaxial electrospinning which could realize the dispersion of the Cu site on the one-dimensional (1D) nanofiber structure. The 1D nanofiber with Cu site exhibited superior performance on photocatalytic CO2reduction based on the excellent ability of charge separation. The Cu2O and CuO were determined to be located on the surface of 1D SrTiO3nanofiber by the TEM and XPS. The work functions of SrTiO3, Cu2O, and CuO were calculated to be 5.26, 5.47, and 5.51 eV, respectively, suggesting that the carriers could transfer from SrTiO3nanofiber to the Cu species. The yield of CH3OH with the optimized 8%Cu-SrTiO3catalyst could reach 8.08 ± 0.03 µmol⋅g−1⋅h−1. This work provided a coaxial electrospinning strategy to load the Cu species active site on the surface of 1D SrTiO3nanofiber for enhancing photoreduction CO2.