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Background There has been rapid growth of chiropractors pursuing career opportunities in both public and private hospitals and other integrated care settings. Chiropractors that prosper in integrated care settings deliver patient-centered care, focus on the institutional mission, understand and adhere to organizational rules, and are proficient in navigating complex systems. The Council on Chiropractic Education Accreditation Standards do not outline specific meta-competencies for integrated care clinical training.Objective The purpose of this study was to develop preliminary integrated health care competencies for DC programs to guide the advancement of clinical chiropractic education.Methods A systematic literature search was performed. Articles were screened for eligibility and extracted in duplicate. Domains and seed statements were generated from this literature, piloted at a conference workshop, and evaluated via a modified Delphi consensus process. Of 42 invited, 36 chiropractors participated as panelists. Public comment period yielded 20 comments, none resulting in substantive changes to the competencies.Results Of 1718 citations, 23 articles met eligibility criteria. After 2 modified Delphi rounds, consensus was reached on all competency statements. A total of 78 competency statements were agreed upon, which encompassed 4 domains and 11 subdomains. The 4 domains were: 1) Collaboration, (2) Clinical Excellence, (3) Communication, and (4) Systems Administration.Conclusion We identified 78 preliminary competencies appropriate for preparing DC students and early career chiropractors for clinical practice in integrated healthcare settings. Educational programs may consider these competencies for curricular design and reform to strengthen DC program graduates for integrated practice, advanced training, and employment.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including an editorial about Movie Theater Calendars and the Uptown Theatre in Davenport, Iowa, an article about the author's Uncle George Macready by Diane Jarrett in the Winter 2013 issue, and an article on Louis Calhern by Ken Dennis.

Active region 10961 was observed over a five-day period (2007 July 2-6) by instrumentation on-board STEREO, Hinode, TRACE, and SOHO. As it progressed from Sun's center to the solar limb, a comprehensive analysis of the extreme ultraviolet, X-ray, and magnetic field data reveals clearly observable changes in the global nature of the region. Temperature analyses undertaken using STEREO Extreme Ultraviolet Imager double filter ratios and X-ray imaging telescope single and combined filter ratios demonstrate an overall cooling of the region from between 1.6-3.0 MK to 1.0-2.0 MK over the five days. Similarly, Hinode Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph density measurements show a corresponding increase in density of 27%. Moss, cool (1 MK) outer loop areas, and hotter core loop regions were examined and compared with potential magnetic field extrapolations from SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager magnetogram data. In particular, it was found that the potential field model was able to predict the structure of the hotter X-ray loops and that the larger cool loops seen in 171 A images appeared to follow the separatrix surfaces. The reasons behind the high-density moss regions only observed on one side of the active region are examined further.

Determining the preferred spatial location of the energy input to solar coronal loops would be an important step forward toward a more complete understanding of the coronal heating problem. Following from the 2008 paper of Sarkar and Walsh, this paper presents a short (109 cm [?]10 Mm) "global loop" as 125 individual strands, where each strand is modeled independently by a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation. The strands undergo small-scale episodic heating and are coupled together through the frequency distribution of the total energy input to the loop which follows a power-law distribution with index [?]2.29. The spatial preference of the swarm of heating events from apex to footpoint is investigated. From a theoretical perspective, the resulting emission-measure-weighted temperature profiles along these two extreme cases do demonstrate a possible observable difference. Subsequently, the simulated output is folded through the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) instrument response functions and a rederivation of the temperature using different filter ratio techniques is performed. Given the multithermal scenario created by this many-strand loop model, a broad differential emission measure results; the subsequent double and triple filter ratios are very similar to those obtained from observations. However, any potential observational signature to differentiate between apex and footpoint dominant heating is possibly below instrumental thresholds. The consequences of using a broadband instrument like TRACE and Hinode-XRT in this way are discussed.

There is a growing body of evidence that the plasma loops seen with current instrumentation (SOHO, TRACE, and Hinode) may consist of many subresolution elements or strands. Thus, the overall plasma evolution we observe in these features could be the cumulative result of numerous individual strands undergoing sporadic heating. This paper presents a short ( 109 cm [?] 10 Mm ) "global loop" as 125 individual strands, where each strand is modeled independently by a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation. The energy-release mechanism across the strands consists of localized, discrete heating events (nanoflares). The strands are "coupled" together through the frequency distribution of the total energy input to the loop, which follows a power-law distribution with index a. The location and lifetime of each energy event is random. Although a typical strand can go through a series of well-defined heating/cooling cycles, when the strands are combined, the overall quasi-static emission-measure-weighted thermal profile for the global loop reproduces a hot apex/cool base structure. Localized cool plasma blobs are seen to travel along individual strands, which could cause the loop to "disappear" from coronal emission and to appear in transition or chromospheric emission. As a increases (from 0 to 2.29 to 3.29), more weight is given to the smallest heating episodes. Consequently, the overall global loop apex temperature increases, while the variation of the temperature around that value decreases. Any further increase in a saturates the loop apex temperature variations at the current simulation resolution. The effect of increasing the number of strands and the loop length, as well as the implications of these results for possible future observing campaigns for TRACE and Hinode, are discussed.

Since its launch in 1995, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been revolutionizing our understanding of the Sun. In particular, major advances have been made in revealing the complex and very dynamic nature of the star's outer atmosphere or corona. Through optical, ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet imagers and spectrometers, SOHO has provided an unparalleled breadth and depth of observational data of this portion of the Sun. This magnetically dominant plasma environment demonstrates numerous magnetic field/plasma interactions over a wide range of lengthscales and timescales. This review outlines how the instruments onboard SOHO diagnose the coronal plasma over an extensive wavelength range. Through high-resolution images and movies, this mission has revealed how the Sun's magnetic field structures the plasma (to form, for example, loops and tornadoes) and how instabilities trigger energy release on incredible scales (from coronal mass ejections). Current thinking on how the corona maintains its temperature in excess of two million degrees is presented. Complementary images from other space-based solar missions (Yohkoh and TRACE) are used to provide further examples of the above. Also, building upon the success of SOHO, future space-based solar missions are profiled.

Presents letters to the editor on various business developments. Lacunas in the article "Five Easy Techniques for Defeating e-Invaders"; Suggestion for reducing cyber crimes; Praise for the article "Bronx Merchants Sell BID With Pilot Cleanup."