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Monitoring water quality is a helpful tool for assessing the effects of pollution sources, ensuring effective management of water resources, and preserving aquatic life in surface water bodies. Hence, the present study focussed on evaluating the water quality of thirty-four selected lakes in Chikkaballapura taluk by characterizing physico-chemical parameters, Dissolved oxygen levels, organic loads (viz., BOD and COD) and WQI. The TDS level in the study area was well within the tolerance limit of 1500 mg/L, illustrating medium salinity (viz., electrical conductivity) in lake water. None of the lakes in the study area recorded nitrate concentrations above the tolerance limit of 50 mg/L during either season. Kolavanahalli and Varamallenahalli lakes witnessed nitrate levels of over 40 mg/L, while the pooled mean phosphate concentration was 0.40 mg/L during the study periods. High organic load in terms of COD was witnessed in selected lakes, as revealed by their ranges 64.0-144.0 mg/L (mean: 98.6 mg/L) and 60.8-136.0 mg/L (mean: 91.7 mg/L), respectively, during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Despite organic load, dissolved oxygen concentration ranged from 4.45-6.10 mg/L and 4.25-5.88 mg/L during these seasons, well above the desirable 4.0 mg/L limit. The present study also demonstrated the contribution of phosphate and nitrates towards organic loadings (viz., BOD and COD), illustrating increased anthropogenic contribution like entry of raw sewage, agricultural runoff, and others. Irrigation suitability was observed for most lakes, as revealed by their SAR, percent sodium and RSC values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key landscapes on earth are the wetland ecosystems which are extremely crucial for the sustenance of various ecological realms as they provide immense ecosystem services to them. From serving impressive hosts to many organisms, particularly migratory birds, and successfully aiding in useful interactions between various biotic and abiotic components, wetlands have a remarkable repute. It has been a matter of only few decades that interaction of man with wetlands has resulted in severe degradation of these ecological repositories. Similar is the case of Pargwal wetland of lower Shivalik, located about 5 km from the international border in Akhnoor tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir division. Continuous interference from the human habitation, encroachment of wetland area, conversion into agricultural area, illegal sand mining, construction of cemented pillars for bridge, are just to name a few leading causes of its dwindling status. The present study is a data generated for seasonally for one year and assessment of the degrading parameters were made. Based on the water quality parameters, the wetland turned out moderately alkaline in nature and WQI showed poor water quality at all the study stations, depicting its deteriorating state. Also, aquatic insects that serve as important bioindicators were implemented for assessing the water quality using various biotic indices. Thus, a pioneer attempt has been made to decipher the causes of the continuing deterioration status of this immensely important wetland by analyzing its hydrobiology, which if not paid heed, will result in total territorialization of this intermediate water resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality is one of the determinants of human well-being and ecosystem health. The increasing deterioration of its quality is one of the most widespread and worrisome environmental problems. In this context, the dynamics of water quality of the Cunas River in rural and urban areas in the central region of Peru during 2017–2019 was evaluated. A total of 168 water samples were collected from 56 sampling sites and nine physicochemical parameters and three heavy metals were determined. The results obtained reveal that the physicochemical parameters did not exceed the environmental quality standards for water, except BOD 5 and Fe. Cluster analysis generated three statistically significant clusters based on similar water quality characteristics and the year of study. Group 1 consisted of sectors S6 (2019) and S7 (2017–2019), group 2 consisted of S5 (2017–2019) and S6 (2017 and 2018), and group 3 consisted of S1, S2, S3 and S4 (2017–2019). The PCA generated three main factors with eigenvalues >1, explaining 76.45% of the total variance. PC1, PC2 and PC3 explained 57.6%, 10.08% and 8.70%, respectively. Water quality according to the WQI in the rural sectors was qualified as good quality water and in 67% of the urban sectors, as poor quality water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ha Long Bay is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Vietnam with unique natural scenery. Development and socio-economic activity impact its water quality. In the context of the Vietnam National Standards, historical follow-up data taken over a five-year period (2016 to 2020), for twenty-eight widely dispersed sampling sites, has been used to carry out a temporal assessment of seawater quality utilizing a Water Quality Index (WQI) method. The analysis shows that the seawater quality is generally acceptable over this period. However, the calculated WQI values for the "pandemic year" of 2020 compared to the data for 2016 to 2019, demonstrate a significantly lesser impact for the bay overall and, more specifically, for seventeen individual sites. Ten sites remain unaffected, and one site shows a significantly higher impact. This study demonstrates how the occurrence of the pandemic in 2020 may be exploited for the interrogation of anthropogenic impacts around the bay. [Display omitted] • Seawater quality in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, is impacted by anthropogenic activities. • Seawater quality was tracked from 2016 to 2020 using the Water Quality Index. • A lesser environmental impact for the pandemic year of 2020 was demonstrated. • The pandemic was exploited to interrogate anthropogenic impacts around the bay. • The COVID-19 pandemic allowed validation of the WQI and available data quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study it was investigated the chemistry of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in several urban and rural areas from Cluj, Sălaj, Satu Mare and Alba counties (NW of Romania). In order to evaluate whether the samples are drinkable or not, water quality index (WQI) and daily intakes (DI) were calculated. Water suitability for irrigation was estimated based on specific indices as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (% Na) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC). Piper and Gibbs diagrams and chloro-alkaline indices were used to emphasize the hydrogeochemical features of the aquifers. Generally, the wells correspond to Ca - HCO³ and Ca-Mg-Cl type. Based on the WQI values (10 - 152) a total of 24% of the investigated wells corresponds to an excellent quality status, 16% have a good quality status, 51% have a poor and very poor water quality, while 9% of the wells are unsuitable for drinking. The nitrate proved to be the main contaminant for the analysed wells, having values between 0.2 and 447.1 mg/L. For some samples the DI for NO2- (0.33 - 110.67 μg/day/kg bw) and NO3- (0.13 - 14.90-10³ μg/day/kg bw) exceeded the acceptable daily intake. The values of the specific indices SAR (0.1 - 3.6), Na% (1.9 - 58.4%) and RCS (-18.6 - 2.3), showed that all the wells can be safely used for irrigation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture needs specific conditions because fish have well-defined threshold water quality parameters within which they can thrive and grow optimally. However, the use of surface waters for fish production may threaten water ecosystems to which water from fish farms is discharged. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rainbow trout production in a cascade flow technology on the water quality management in a fish farm. The research aim was to collect data in order to prevent contamination of natural water bodies by water discharged from fish ponds. The trout farm selected for the study is located in northern Poland. It has four concrete fish ponds, which are continually supplied with water spring water, flowing in a cascade. Spent water, prior to being discharged from the farm, is pre-treated by flowing through a treatment ditch. The study showed that as a result of flowing through the fish ponds, the quality of water deteriorated down to the lowest class on a five-degree scale (WQICCME), i.e. it was denoted as poor quality. However, it was evidenced that changes in the quality parameters of water after passing through ponds A and B were not large, whereas a more considerable decline in the water quality occurred once it had passed through ponds C and D. The research did not confirm the intended positive influence of a 450-meter-long treatment ditch on the quality of water discharged from the fish farm. Thus, it was demonstrated that water discharged from the fish ponds, despite the implemented system for its pretreatment, creates a risk of polluting water in the receiving water body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixty-five water samples were collected in July 2016 in the Mathura district and have experimentally determined the physio-chemical parameters and evaluated by comparing their values with Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The aim of the study is to find out the status of water quality in Mathura district. Results show that Total Hardness(TH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Cl− and Mg2+ are found to be very much higher than (>50%) the permissible limit. Majority of the samples have high values NO 3 − and Cl−. The sources of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ are from the weathering process. In general, water chemistry is governed by complicated weathering procedure, ion exchange, impact of horticultural and sewage. CCME WQI values ranged from 1.862 to 82.254 and shows that the quality of water is good to poor. Agriculture indices like Gibbs Plot, Percent sodium (Na%), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI) Potential salinity and Magnesium hazard has values 0.50 to 0.99, 8.37% to 86.66%, −90.59 to 7.71 meql−1, 9.59 to 96.34, 1.82 to 21.82, 4.58 to 112.83 meql−1, and 45.57 to 8221.03 respectively. These values show that the quality of water is poor and moderately suitable for irrigation purpose. It also indicates that an anthropogenic effect on groundwater quality needs water management strategy according to their regional demand for humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water quality in Great Lakes coastal wetlands has been studied for decades, but few studies look at water quality changes in multiple sites over many years and relate that to land cover. In this study, water quality at 22 sites in two regions along the north shore of Lake Ontario (Bay of Quinte in the east and Durham Region in the west) was compared over a period of 12 years (2003–2014) and related to land cover data from two time periods (1999–2002 and 2009–2011) at four spatial scales; 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m wetland buffers, and the quaternary watershed. Water Quality Index (WQI) scores significantly increased over time in both regions, and turbidity and pH both significantly decreased over time in both regions. Land cover data showed regional differences between east and west, with the western sites having higher percentage of urban land at all scales. There were significant relationships between land cover (% Natural and % Urban) and WQI score at several scales, but the relationships were strongest at the watershed scale. We found that sites in the western region showed a greater amount of change in land cover between the two time periods, compared to the eastern sites. The results of this study provide some key insights on the impact of urbanization on Great Lakes coastal wetlands, and on how they can be managed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve (12) water quality parameters (turbidity, TDS, pH, Cl-, EC, DO, BOD5, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Fe and Mn) were analyzed in River Kaduna, Nigeria on a monthly basis for a period of one year in 15 sampling locations using standard methods. The data obtained were used to develop Water Quality Index (WQI) across the 15 sampling locations. The WQI revealed that the water quality of 4 sampling locations were poor as their index values ranged between 17.77 to 25.47. On the other hand, the generalized water quality of the remaining 11 sampling locations was marginal as the index values ranged between 44.95 to 60.80. The index values of the various sampling locations were thereafter used as weights in mapping the WQI of the entire sampled portion of the river using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. The WQI of the entire river was suggestively ranked marginal as 11 sampling locations out of 15 (73.3%) fell into the marginal category. Hence, regulatory agencies were advised to check the anthropogenic activities along the watershed with more emphasis at the hot spot areas or locations that recorded poor WQI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of groundwater quality and their controlling processes are very important for the sustainable utilization of groundwater in any region. In the present study, 100 groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon 2019 from the tube well and public water supply wells in Mewat district, Haryana to investigate the water quality for drinking purposes and their controlling hydrogeochemical processes through an integrated approach. Different methods like conventional hydrogeochemical analysis, ion ratio plots, and water quality index (WQI) were applied. The results showed that the groundwater of Mewat is highly saline, with the average concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) during the pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) being 4435 mg/L and 4938 mg/L, respectively. Statistical results revealed that anion concentrations follow the order as Cl− > SO 4 2− > HCO 3 − > NO 3 − while cation concentrations were Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. The dominant hydrochemical types of Mewat groundwater were identified to be Ca2+.Mg2+- SO 4 2−.Cl− and SO 4 2−.Cl−- Na+. Silicate weathering, evaporation, and cation exchange were the three factors that control the composition of groundwater of Mewat. The chloro-Alkali indices indicate the dominance of direct base cation exchange reaction in the study area. Moreover, the results of the water quality evaluation showed that the values of WQI ranged from 72 to 3683 and 51 to 2451 during PRM and POM, respectively. WQI classes, namely Very poor and Poor water for drinking, are cumulatively represented by 64% and 58% of the total samples over the PRM and POM. And groundwater of Mewat was found mostly not suitable for drinking purposes. This is the first work in the Mewat district to assess the groundwater quality using WQI and their controlling hydrogeochemical process. This study provides insight into fundamental processes and aquifer controlling factors that are significant for the sustainable management of Mewat groundwater resources. • Pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons data was used to characterize the hydrochemistry and assess groundwater quality of the Mewat region. • Silicate weathering, evaporation, and cation exchange were the three factors that control the composition of groundwater of Mewat. • Groundwater from >50% area of Mewat found not suitable for drinking purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Research, Engineering & Management / Aplinkos Tyrimai, Inžinerija ir Vadyba is the property of Institute of Environmental Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities over the years had adversely affected the environment especially the river and its ecosystem. This paper aims to study the river quality status of Salak River (locally known as Batang Salak) and map the river based on their water classes. 18 samples were collected and tested for physical-chemical parameters (pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, EC and NH3-N) and heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). Subsequently, the quality of the river is determined using Water Quality Index (WQI) and classified according to the National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) for Malaysia. The results show that the river has low level of DO (range 2.08-2.34mg/L) and high level of COD (range 645-1044mg/L), and Pb (range 0.01-0.09mg/L). Based on the WQIs and NWQS, the river quality status for Salak River falls under Class IV which indicates that the river is slightly polluted. Further actions should be taken into consideration to further improve the quality of Salak River, hence, promoting a healthier environment to the surrounding communities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents a mathematical model of water quality rehabilitation by utilising rainwater, which is separated into initial polluted rainwater and later unpolluted rainwater. The planned Haigang city, belonging to Shanghai metropolis in China, is taken as a case example. An analysis is made on how to utilise rainwater and appraise its function in a water quality rehabilitation scheme. It is demonstrated that this method can significantly reduce both project investment and operation costs. Moreover, appropriate drainage plan scheme is presented to address the initial polluted rainwater problem. Thus, the conflict between drainage and rainwater utilisation can be resolved appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]