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Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a multi-dimensional challenge for European and global societies alike. Building on an iterative six-step disease management process that leverages feedback loops and utilizes commodity digital tools, the PDM-ProValue study program demonstrated that integrated personalized diabetes management, or iPDM, can improve the standard of care for persons living with diabetes in a sustainable way. The novel "iPDM Goes Europe" consortium strives to advance iPDM adoption by (1) implementing the concept in a value-based healthcare setting for the treatment of persons living with type 2 diabetes, (2) providing tools to assess the patient's physical and mental health status, and (3) exploring new avenues to take advantage of emerging big data resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ways to transition from work-life to retirement are undergoing important transformations. The timing and pathways are changing, and many individuals are undergoing long periods of being in between working and retirement life. Yet, our cultural understandings of retirement tend to maintain a clear distinction between pre- and post-retirement life. Although the changes in retirement transitions are not new, the trend has accelerated in recent decades. We focus on what is known from the literature about the tendencies in alternative retirement transitions of healthy seniors in Europe since 2000. We review some conceptual and political transitions in the societal understandings of retirement, followed by a scoping review in three sections: (1) later life employment transitions (bridge employment and employment after retirement), (2) self-employment, and (3) unretirement. We conclude that although 21st-century retirement transitions are complex and understudied, there are clear tendencies regarding who engages in such practices and why. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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