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Research on prison visitation has primarily focused on the visitation experiences among the inmate population as a homogenous group, overlooking the complex experiences and needs of older inmates. Although there is extensive research on correlates and consequences of in-prison visitation, most studies have not considered differential patterns in visitation based on age, beyond the handful of studies that have assessed differences based on 'young' versus 'old.' Using data from inmates incarcerated in Florida, we explored how the trends and factors associated with in-prison visitation varied across inmate age groups. Consistent with prior research, we found that older inmates received far fewer visits than younger, although inmates who were 70 and older received more visits than inmates aged 50–69. We also identified factors that influenced whether older inmates were visited. Specifically, older Hispanic and white inmates were more likely to be visited than Black older inmates, and those housed in a facility closer to their homes were more likely to be visited. Marital status, pre-incarceration employment, and education levels did not influence visitation among older inmates. We document differences in the visitation experiences of inmates based on their age and that grouping inmates into one category may be masking important differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the issue of monastic enclosure in St. George's Abbey at Prague Castle. It gathers sources related to the contacts of Prague Benedictine nuns with the outside world and examines how their separation from the world evolved from the beginnings of the convent in the 10th century to the enforcement of strict enclosure in the first third of the 17th century, which was accompanied by extensive architectural modifications influenced by the Council of Trent. Special attention is given to the visitation of the monastery by Cardinal Guido in 1143, which may have resulted in the initial tightening or introduction of enclosure, though not comparable to later regulations. Based on this finding, it newly interprets the account of the siege and fire of Prague Castle in 1142 from the addition to the Annals of the so-called Vyšehrad Canon as an effort to legitimize monastic reforms through miracles associated with the relics of the abbey's patron saint, St. Ludmila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Correctional services are closed, complex bureaucratic organisations which are historically slow to embrace change. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed a dramatic shift to widespread video visitation across correctional services in Australia. Drawing on qualitative data with corrective services staff (n = 19) from six jurisdictions (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and West Australia), this article charts the large-scale implementation of video visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is argued that video visitation demonstrates uncharacteristic organisational agility in Australian corrective services which may provide optimism for change projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted parents' ability to participate in their infants' care during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay in unprecedented ways. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of parents whose infants was in the NICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative telephone interview survey was conducted. Participants included parents of preterm infants who were born less than 34 weeks' gestation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-August 2020). Telephone surveys were conducted through open-ended questions. A thematic content analysis identifying themes was performed after interviews were completed and transcribed. Results: A total of 8 mothers completed the telephone survey. Key themes from this study include parents experiencing increased stress due to the restricted visitation policies, limited opportunities to care for their infant, lack of support, and inconsistent communication regarding their infant status and COVID-19 protocols. Implications for Practice: Suggestions provided to enhance NICU services during the pandemic include increasing parental engagement opportunities to care for their infant in the NICU, enhanced empathy and compassion from the neonatal team, and open and transparent communication. Implications for Research: Further research investigating cultural impact on parents' perspectives, perspectives of fathers, long-term impact of how parents coped after discharge from the NICU, and emotional impact on NICU staff members may be beneficial to aid improvements in NICU service delivery during the ongoing and future pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the National Park Service (NPS) is the agency entrusted to preserve and protect more than 400 NPS units, yet growing visitation to these sites is making that mission more difficult. Visitation to Capitol Reef National Park (CRNP), Utah, has doubled over the last decade. In response to these growing visitation numbers, researchers in this study worked with CRNP managers and used mixed methods to analyze visitors' perceptions of crowding. Quantitative survey assessments indicated that visitors did not think the park was crowded; however, the qualitative responses offer insight into issues with access to affordances--resources in the built environment that visitors expect--such as parking spots, campsites, and uncongested roads. Our results elucidate two key takeaways: (a) the importance of using both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess crowding and (b) how the actual number of visitors in a natural area can have less of an impact on perceptions of crowding than the strain on resources that visitors create. These findings have implications for communicators and land managers in a variety of settings who seek to balance increased visitation and visitors' expectations for amenities with the preservation of the natural areas themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This 5-year study evaluated a virtual visitation implementation initiative in a neonatal intensive care unit. Our objectives were to (1) use the Plan-Do-Study-Act methodological framework to implement a virtual visitation program, (2) investigate whether implementation of virtual visitation could be done with no patient harm and minimal workflow disruption, (3) foster a top-down participatory structure for decision making, and (4) evaluate parent use and satisfaction. The study involved a qualitative and quantitative description of cycles and results. Routine collection of outcome data allowed problems that arose as a result of changing practices to be quickly and efficiently addressed. The study results suggested that the virtual visitation implementation initiative in a neonatal intensive care unit using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles helped create an environment of trust and provided benefits. A steady increase in the use of virtual visitation by parents and their extended families indicated utilization. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual visitation helped families feel connected with each other and their neonate, despite being in separate locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To describe the nursing strategies used to mitigate the impact of forced separation between hospitalized acute and critical care patients and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was performed in accordance with JBI methodology. Those acute and critical care areas in which sudden, often unexpected, emergent episodes of illness or injury were treated. Articles written in English and French between March 2020 and September 2023 in Medline, CINAHL Complete, APA PsycInfo, Embase and the Cochrane COVID-19 study register databases that met our inclusion criteria were included. Gray literature included dissertations, theses and Base Bielefeld Academic Search Engines. Among the 1,357 articles screened, 46 met the criteria for inclusion. Most of the articles were published in North America. Adult critical care units were the most frequently reported settings, followed by neonatal intensive care units. The most frequently reported strategies were virtual telephone or video communications. A majority of the innovative strategies involved interprofessional collaboration at the unit level. Core components included the provision of relational nursing practices, virtual visits, tailored information, fostering relationships between family members, palliative care support regarding end of life, and general information about hospitalization and COVID-19. Pediatric care settings were more likely than adult care settings to accommodate physical visitation. Nurses used synchronous, episodic, and structured virtual interactions, either alone or as part of an interprofessional team, to mitigate separation between patients and families during the COVID-19 pandemic in acute and critical care settings. Permanent policy changes are needed across acute and critical care settings to provide support for nurses in mitigating patient and family separation. We recommend that family members be considered as caregivers and care receivers, not visitors in patient and family-centered care in acute and critical care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protected areas, such as national parks, are among the most widespread nature conservation strategies in the world. This study used online forms to consult Brazilian national park managers in all biomes about the relationship between park conservation and public use variables. Then, based on suggested public use and conservation variables, we analysed how the managers viewed this relationship. Our findings indicate that the most important conservation status assessment variables are considered to be the presence of endangered species, the percentage of regularised park area, the number of employees and the number of employees relative to the protected area. The variables considered to be least relevant are park age, park area, management plan age and management report results. Ninety-seven per cent of the participants identified a relationship between conservation and public use, which was particularly expressed by the number of ecosystem services provided by the park, the number of research studies into endangered species associated with the park and the diversity of research project knowledge areas. Improving tools for obtaining park conservation status compatible with managers' perceptions is highly important for park management to facilitate planning and optimising activities that foster conservation. • What are the best variables for calculating conservation status in Brazilian Parks? • Managers' perception contribute to know which variables are related to conservation. • Endangered sp and land tenure regularisation are the best conservation indicators. • SAMGe report has the best matches in the perception of Brazilian Parks managers. • Good management of public use is important for the conservation of protected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Can Chinese social media data (SMD) be used as an alternative to traditional surveys used to understand tourists' visitation of attractions in Chinese cities? The purpose of this paper is to explore this question. Design/methodology/approach - Popular tourism SMD sources in China, such as Ctrip, Weibo and Dazhong Dianping (DZDP), were used as data source, and the relationships between these sources and traditional data sources were studied with statistical methods. Data from Shanghai were used in this study since it is rich in tourism resources and developed in information. Findings - A systematic research method was followed and led to the following conclusions: There were positive correlations for attraction visitation between Chinese SMD and traditional survey data; Chinese SMD source could temporally indicate visits to Shanghai tourist attractions; CtripSMDgenerally performed less well than Weibo or DZDP, and different SMD performed differently depending on the specific attractions and time units in the visitation calculation process; and factors including visitation, distance from the city center and the grade of attractions might affect the prediction performance based on data from the SMD. The findings suggest that Chinese SMD could be used as a cost-efficient and reliable proxy for traditional survey data to predict Chinese attraction visitation. Originality/value - This study applies and improves the methods of SMD reliability in attraction use studies, supplies the gap for premise, basis and foundation for the large amounts of tourism researches using SMD in China and could promote and inspire more efficient and advanced measures in tourism management and urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Shielding residents in care homes is not as effective as previously predicted in a number of studies. • Maintaining a low risk of transmission per contact helps reduce the effect of relaxing visitation. • Cohorting of residents and staff reduces the spread of COVID-19. • The risk of outbreak occurrence in a care home is associated with its population size. This study examines the impact of visitation and cohorting policies as well as the care home population size upon the spread of COVID-19 and the risk of outbreak occurrence in this setting. Agent-based modelling The likelihood of the presence of an outbreak in a care home is associated with the care home population size. Cohorting of residents and staff into smaller, self-contained units reduces the spread of COVID-19. Restricting the number of visitors to the care home to shield its residents does not significantly impact the cumulative number of infected residents and risk of outbreak occurrence in most scenarios. Only when the community prevalence where staff live is considerably lower than the prevalence where visitors live (the former prevalence is less than or equal to 30% of the latter), relaxing visitation increases predicted infections much more significantly than it does in other scenarios. Maintaining a low infection probability per resident-visitor contact helps reduce the effect of allowing more visitors into care homes. Our model predictions suggest that cohorting is effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in care homes. However, according to predictions shielding residents in care homes is not as effective as predicted in a number of studies that have modelled shielding of vulnerable population in the wider communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Jacques Derrida's views on hospitality in relation to unplanned or unintended pregnancy. Derrida distinguishes between 'invitation' and 'visitation' and associates 'pure', 'true', or 'unconditional' hospitality with visitation. In terms of intended or expected pregnancies, the unborn other is an invited or welcomed guest. In case of unexpected or unwanted pregnancies, the foetus is as an uninvited guest or even an intruder. Nevertheless, for Derrida, hospitality and responsibility impose an infinite demand on the host regardless of whether the other is invited or uninvited. Thus, considering 'unconditional hospitality', a person has no 'right' to decide on their pregnancy. However, Derrida refers to the need for 'negotiation' between unconditional and conditional hospitality. This translates, as this article emphasises, into the scope for each pregnant person's individual circumstances to be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presence of support persons enhances patient and family satisfaction. The introduction of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted hospital operations and has reduced visitation. A virtual visitation program was implemented in critical care units to replicate visitation by video chat to ease stress on patients and family members to improve communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many late medieval Visitation images, the Virgin Mary greets her cousin Elizabeth while John and Jesus--fully formed fetuses still in the womb--can also be seen greeting each other. This seemingly unconventional image grew in popularity in medieval Germany over the course of the fifteenth century. This paper considers an antependium from Strasbourg (1410), which is currently held at the Museum of Applied Arts in Frankfurt but has been nearly forgotten in scholarly literature. The antependium's unique status as a woven image of Christ in the womb creates added meaning for both Eucharistic devotion and female viewership. Using the Strasbourg antependium as an exemplar of trends in late medieval German spirituality and art, this paper attempts to go beyond traditional scholarship's interest in spiritual pregnancy to assert that this image of Christ in the womb relates to concrete medieval ideas about maternity, childhood, pregnancy, and reproduction in general. The imagery offered in this 1410 antependium corresponds with Strasbourg's distinct interest in repopulating after the decimation of the Black Death. Focusing on female lay viewership, this paper will discuss how the Strasbourg antependium combines traditional medieval expectations of women's roles with the theme of holy motherhood to elevate the status of pregnancy. This artwork allowed male authority figures to engage with lay female spirituality and encourage population growth in uncertain, plague-ridden times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, correctional agencies have increased their use of video visitation in an effort to offset costs and increase security, among other objectives. In the present study, interviews (N = 12) and surveys (N = 58) were conducted with prisoners at a jail in the Northwestern U.S. that had replaced in-person, glass partition visitation with remote video visitation. The results suggested that while there were positive aspects of video visitation, such as the ability to visit with loved ones from afar, there were criticisms as well, including technological and access issues. The policy implications of the findings and directions for future research on video visitation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Szociológiai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Few topics have existed for decades and created as much of a debate as when discussing appropriate visitation policies for patients. Studies have continued to document the conflicted opinions of nurses to commit to fully open visiting hours for various reasons. Family members are very definite in their desire to be at their loved one's bedside. Objective: To review the visiting policies of acute care hospitals in California and compare them to the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses recommendations. Methods: This descriptive study collected data from California acute care hospital websites about critical care visiting hours to assess visiting hours and the type, age, and number of visitors. Results: Review of 363 hospital websites demonstrated a wide variation in policies when listed. Those that did post their visitation rules had no consistent policies regarding visiting hours or age, relationship, or number of visitors. Conclusions: Hospital visitation policies in California are inconsistent and not evenly enforced. They do not reflect current evidence and practice guidelines. Implications for Nursing: Ethics require the nurses to advocate for their patient. In this role, nurses need to become proactive in implementing policy changes in their institution based on current evidence and practice guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor recreation is a valuable ecosystem service permitted in most protected areas globally. Land-use planners and managers are often responsible for providing access to natural areas for recreation while avoiding environmental impacts such as declines of threatened species. Since recreation can have harmful effects on biodiversity, reliable information about protected-area visitation patterns is vital for managers. Our goal was to quantify recreational use in a fragmented urban reserve network and identify factors that influenced visitation. We empirically measured visitation rates at 18 reserves in San Diego County, California. Using random forest models, we identified biophysical and socioeconomic factors that influenced spatial variation in visitation rates and made projections to 27 additional reserves, validating with an expert opinion survey. Visitation rates varied widely across the reserve network. Accessibility variables, such as numbers of housing units and parking lots, were key explanatory variables that had positive relationships with visitation rates. To illustrate the applications of our models, we assessed the exposure of 7 species and subspecies of conservation concern to recreation by comparing predicted occurrence to projected visitation intensities. We found that several species and subspecies, including the orange-throated whiptail ( Aspidoscelis hyperythra ), western spadefoot ( Spea hammondii ), and the federally-threatened coastal California gnatcatcher ( Polioptila californica californica ), are likely exposed to high levels of recreational activity. Our results can be used to identify species for further research, highlight areas with potential conflict between recreation and conservation objectives, and forecast future changes in visitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies some fragments from the art of the Armenian miniaturist Avag C'alkol (14th century). I focus on the miniatures representing the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Birth and the Naming of John the Baptist, the Census of Caesar Augustus, the Shepherds with grazing sheep and the Presentation of Christ at the Temple. These miniatures are lavishly illuminated in the Gospel of 1337-40 (Matenadaran, Ms. 212) and in the Bible of 1356-58 (Matenadaran, Ms. 6230)2. The iconographie peculiarities of the miniatures representing the biblical story of the First and Second Chapters of the Gospel of Luke occur frequently in medieval Armenian art. My paper aims to analyze these artistic traditions. This paper also focuses on the theological study of the images which gives an opportunity to trace the origins (6-7,h centuries) from which such an iconographie system could be developed and become separate during the upcoming centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Parks provide opportunities for people of all ages to engage in physical activity, connect socially with family and friends, and have contact with nature. Despite these benefits, park visitation among adolescents is particularly low; however, little is known about what attributes would attract adolescents to visit parks. This study examined the relative importance of park features that might influence their decision to visit a park. Adolescents were recruited in 2014–5 from four secondary schools located in Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed an adaptive choice based conjoint (ACBC) task during one school class-lesson. This methodology makes it possible to identify the relative importance of individual park features. Ten park attributes were included in the survey and part-worth utility and importance scores were estimated for each attribute with Hierarchical Bayes analyses using Sawtooth Software. Participants (n = 92) had a mean age of 14.7 years (SD = 1.0) and 57% were female. Importance scores showed that playground slides (particularly long steep slides) were the most important attribute for park visitation (16.1%; 95% CI = 15.0, 17.2), followed by an absence of rubbish/graffiti (13.0%; 95% CI = 11.2, 14.8), and the presence of swings (12.4%; 95% CI = 11.4, 13.3), walking/cycling paths (12.1%; 95% CI = 11.0, 13.2) and BMX tracks/skate bowls (10.6%; 95% CI = 9.3, 11.9). These findings can assist those involved in designing parks to identify attributes that should be prioritised to ensure visitation by adolescents is maximised. The novel methodology utilised may be transferable to other studies of the built environment among other population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited access to urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the human-nature interaction in cities and human well-being. Number of visitors to green areas, initially declined due to imposed restrictions, was restored after they were lifted as established by several studies across the globe However, little is still known about changes in behavior and preferences of park visitors in the post-COVID time. In this study, we investigated spatial-temporal patterns of recreational activities in the three urban parks in Moscow (Russia) prior, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (in 2019 and 2020). The selected parks represent two different types: a centrally located park with much infrastructure and open landscapes (Gorky Park) and parks located at the outskirts of the city center with a more forested landscape and little infrastructure (Timiryazevski and Sokolniki parks). Recreational activities were identified based on the analysis of social media photos using machine-learning algorithms. As expected, park closures during lockdown resulted in overall decrease in the number of taken photos. After the parks were re-opened, however, the number of photos did not grow immediately. The number of photos only restored after almost three months, and the visiting peak shifted to autumn. Differences between parks were related to the type of the park and its landscape structure. The lowest decrease in the number of photos was observed for the Timiryazevsky park – a semi-natural green area, while the centrally located Gorky Park was the most affected, likely due to the strictest control measures. In comparison to 2019, photos in 2020 were more evenly distributed across the area in all the three parks. Besides, 'natural' areas became the main attractors for the visitors - photos under 'nature observation' category became the most popular. Spatial distribution of the recreational activities in post-lockdown period was characterized by larger distances between photos, likely corresponding to the social distancing. COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of green areas for citizens, but also changed their recreational preferences and overall behavior in parks. The observed shift from high density of visitors around entertainments and attractions in 2019 to a more homogeneous and less dense distribution along the natural zones in 2020 reveals a new pattern in visitors behavior and preference, which shall be considered in spatial planning of the parks. Increasing availability of natural green areas and their integration in urban green infrastructures can become the most relevant policy to consider the crucial role of urban nature as a source of resilience in turbulent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homebound elders are vulnerable to decreased quality of life, related to their social and emotional isolation. This article discusses development of a Compassionate Visitation Program in the faith community, including recruitment and training of visitors, assessment of visitees and their environment, and structure and record-keeping of visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the White majority becomes a minority population in the United States by 2050, as predicted, this shift might result in a dilemma for the National Park Service (NPS) because Caucasians have provided the mainstay of agency support over the past century. According to published reports, recommendations to improve park awareness and relevance for underserved groups are being addressed by the National Parks Conservation Association. Although Asians are one of the fastest growing minorities in the U.S., they are infrequent NPS visitors. One possible explanation is language barriers, compounded by English-only websites and printed material. A service-quality test using a Chinese confederate was designed to examine some performance measures. Of the 370 national parks queried, less than 18% had any information for Chinese visitors. Some managerial implications for Asian inclusiveness are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation prioritization at large scales is complex, combining biological, environmental, and social factors. While conservation scientists now more often aim to incorporate human-related factors, a critical yet unquantified challenge remains: to identify which areas people use for recreation outside urban centers. To address this gap in applied ecology and conservation, we developed a novel approach for quantifying human presence beyond populated areas by combining social media "big data" and remote sensing tools. We used data from the Flickr photo-sharing website as a surrogate for identifying spatial variation in visitation globally, and complemented this estimate with spatially explicit information on stable night lights between 2004 and 2012, used as a proxy for identifying urban and industrial centers. Natural and seminatural areas attracting visitors were defined as areas both highly photographed and non-lit. The number of Flickr photographers within protected areas was found to be a reliable surrogate for estimating visitor numbers as confirmed by local authority censuses (r = 0.8). Half of all visitors' photos taken in protected areas originated from under 1% of all protected areas on Earth (250 of ~27 000). The most photographed protected areas globally included Yosemite and Yellowstone National Parks (USA), and the Lake and Peak Districts (UK). Factors explaining the spatial variation in protected areas Flickr photo coverage included their type (e.g., UNESCO World Heritage sites have higher visitation) and accessibility to roads and trails. Using this approach, we identified photography hotspots, which draw many visitors and are also unlit (i.e., are located outside urban centers), but currently remain largely unprotected, such as Brazil's Pantanal and Bolivia's Salar de Uyuni. The integrated big data approach developed here demonstrates the benefits of combining remote sensing sources and novel geo-tagged and crowd-sourced information from social media in future efforts to identify spatial conservation gaps and pressures in real time, and their spatial and temporal variation globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights: [•] The Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) network has developed unsystematically. [•] Conservation and scientific research within ASPAs may have conflicting management requirements. [•] ASPA Management Plans do not always state clearly if conservation or science is the priority. [•] Establishment of separate ASPAs for conservation or scientific research should be considered. [•] Alternatively, zoning within existing ASPAs may enhance area management and protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study employed a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to monthly data of U.S. national park visitation to evaluate the effect of recession on visitation. Five different models with separate macroeconomic measures of recession were first estimated and then compared on their forecasting performance and accuracy. Results indicate that recession, regardless of the macroeconomic measure used, was negatively associated with demand to visit national parks. Survey-based measures of recession that directly captured the consumer''s confidence on the current and future state of economy outperformed other measures, that relied on secondary economic data, in explaining the impact of recession. Effect of recession varied among various types of visitation, suggesting that certain sub-sectors of national park tourism could experience a disproportionate burden of recession than others. Findings have important implications in understanding and managing the impact of recession on national parks and similar recreation areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Parents are important partners in the neonatal intensive care unit, collaborating with staff in caregiving and decision making for their infants. These essential and mutually beneficial partnerships between families and staff are the cornerstone of family-centered care and require that parents are welcomed to be with their baby at any time. This concept is not new and, yet, many neonatal intensive care units continue to have "visitation" policies that restrict parent's access to their infants, failing to recognize parents as partners. Changing the "visitation" policy is part of a welcoming approach in the context of family-centered care. Neonatal intensive care unit nurses may be accustomed to a more strict policy, needing communication tools and strategies to collaborate with parents and implement a family-centered "visitation" or welcoming policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Turismo em Análise is the property of Revista Turismo em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examined the role of nonresident home owners in Costa Rica using a theoretical model based on a two-dimensional construct of place attachment. Place identity and place dependence were examined as drivers of visitation, word-of-mouth promotion, and hosting. The findings of this study support a two-dimensional place attachment construct and suggest that the place identity dimension is the primary driver of visitation and word-of-mouth promotion among current nonresident home owners. The study also revealed diminishing word-of-mouth promotion as visitation increased. The study introduces a new construct, hosting, and examines the role of visitation and word-of-mouth promotion on hosting visiting friends and relatives. The results and discussion provide important theoretical and managerial implications for tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the survival of visitation records of medieval English church parishes as of April 2012. The article explains the archival significance of visitation records to the study of social and religious history, the political and institutional context of such visitation records, and distinguishing between records that survived and records that did not. According to the article, visitation records were utilized as evidence in jurisdictional disputes between religious administrators such as archbishops, bishops, and archdeacons. The author argues that the evidence gleaned from visitation records in such disputes explains their survival. The article discusses the visitation records from the Hereford Cathedral Archives (HCA) and the Canterbury Cathedral Archives (CCA).

This study proposes a decomposition-based time series method to assess the relation between tourism seasonality and climate. When applied to two geographically contrasting locations, the results suggest that climate plays a dominant role in shaping the seasonal patterns of visitation, and that the impact of climate variations on visitation varies across seasons and locations. Beyond the methodological contribution of developing a procedure which facilitates the incorporation of the seasonality of the explanatory variable, the findings underscore the importance of a localized approach. The variation across regions indicates that such localized approach could provide more precise and accurate estimates in support of tourism planning, forecasting and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In many places the expansion of urban areas has brought recreationists into close proximity to nature conservation areas, sometimes leading to conflict where recreation and sensitive environmental or natural values are incompatible. An important first step in managing these conflicts is to assess the degree and nature of the problem. We describe the application, and methodological considerations, associated with the use of an innovative, low-cost, practical technique to monitor human intrusions into a wetland reserve which has been designated as ‘off-limits’ to the general public. The use of seven frequently monitored sand pads over 13 weeks enabled us to determine that intrusions occurred in every week (3–14 per sand pad), deep inside the reserve during most weeks, and also identified the key access points. Most intrusions occurred during holiday periods and were by walkers or cyclists. We also conducted a series of simple experiments to examine the utility of sand pads. Our sand pads maintained their shape well and held footprints for over 1 month, they were rarely avoided by people and provided reliable indices of the level of human activity. Sand hardness varied with rainfall, and hardened sand was frequent (53.8% of 26 days) and potentially prevented detection of people. We conclude that the sand pad technique is an effective and efficient tool to measure recreational use of off-limits areas and other conservation and recreation areas, provided human traffic is not too intense, and that checks are made reasonably frequently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the etymology and historical usage of two terms related to sickness, the Greek "epidēmia" and the Latin "pestis." The authors trace the Greek word to its use in ancient Greece related to something or someone that visits and discuss the lexical discontinuity with its historical use in medicine as a disease category. After commenting on the etymology of the Latin word "pestis," the authors explore the semantic confusion between "epidēmia" and "pestis." and traces their linguistic association to a sequence of four medical writings including two medical works by Greek physician Hippocrates and a commentary by Roman physician Galen. The authors relate the discussion to the Spanish term "peste" used for plagues including the medieval Bubonic plague or "Peste Negra."

The scientific community and park professionals recognize that climate change could have a substantial impact on the natural landscape of mountain parks worldwide, with important implications for conservation policy and park planning. Little is known however about how tourists may respond to these projected environmental changes. To explore this question in the context of Canada's Rocky Mountain national parks, a visitor survey was administered (n = 809) in two national parks: Banff and Waterton Lakes. The environmental change scenarios constructed for the early and mid-decades of the 21st century were found to have minimal influence on intention to visit. The environmental change scenario for the latter decades, under a high emission climate change scenario, was found to have a negative effect on intention to visit, as 36% of respondents indicated they would visit the parks less often and 25% not at all. Visitors most likely to be negatively affected by climate-induced environmental change were nature-based tourists from overseas, motivated by the opportunity to view mountain landscapes and wildlife. The hitherto largely overlooked conceptual and methodological challenges of understanding how tourists may respond to multidecadal environmental changes induced by global climate change in any tourism setting is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In landscape studies conducted in 2002 and 2003, Lantana camara (L.) 'New Gold' and 'Radiation' were visited by native butterflies to a greater extent than the remaining eight lantana in the studies. Other lantana visited preferentially but not as consistently included L. camara 'White Doves', 'Firewagon', 'Confetti', and Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) 'Weeping Lavender'. In general, the lowest visitation was experienced by L. camara 'Cherry' and 'Carlos'. Total visit duration by one randomly selected butterfly was greater for 'New Gold', 'Radiation', 'Firewagon', and 'White Doves' than the remaining lantana. Plant characteristics including inflorescence number, number of flowers per inflorescence, percentage of yellow flowers per inflorescence, growth index, flower morphology, and flower color characteristics differed among cultivars. Cultivar differences that consistently correlated with visitation preferences were inflorescence number in 2002 and 2003, flower number per inflorescence in 2003, percentage of yellow flowers per inflorescence in 2002 and 2003, and growth index in 2003. Flower lightness and flower chroma correlated sporadically with visitation in late September and October 2002 and 2003. Percentage light reflectance of flowers for the wavelengths of green, yellow, orange, and red correlated with visitation in 2003. Based on correlation analysis, the cultivar characteristics that did not contribute to visitation differences included inflorescence width, corolla width, and corolla tube length. In a separate study conducted in 2003 using the same lantana as in the visitation study, nectar volume, carbohydrate composition, and sucrose and fructose concentrations differed among inflorescences. Of ten Lantana evaluated, 'Carlos' and 'Confetti had the largest inflorescence nectar volumes combined from nine flowers while 'New Gold', 'White Doves', and 'Weeping Lavender' had the smallest. The ratio of sucrose to hexose (fructose and glucose) in nectar from 'Weeping Lavender', 'White Doves', and 'New Gold' was greater than that of the remaining Lantana. The lowest ratios of sucrose to hexose were found for 'Irene', 'Hot Country', and 'Carlos', while similar to 'Cherry' and 'Radiation'. The sucrose to hexose ratio for recently opened inner flowers was double that of middle and outer flowers. Sucrose and total sugar concentrations were greatest in recently opened inner flowers compared to middle and outer flowers. While direct comparison to the 2002 and 2003 studies of butterfly visitation preferences was not possible due to experimental design, data trends suggest a possible relationship between sugar composition, inflorescence nectar production and visitation from native butterfly species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Environmental considerations concerning physical activity and health relate to accessibility, and this accessibility is directly influenced by how recreation areas and facilities are provided and managed. This study aims to provide some evidence to support the general argument that a good supply of recreation opportunities encourages people''s participation in outdoor recreation. The study''s data are compiled from an outdoor recreation survey of Finnish 15- to 74-year olds, conducted between 1998 and 2000, which focused on the recreational behaviour of people living in Helsinki (n=367), and their visits to close-to-home outdoor recreation areas. Almost all (97%) of the Helsinki residents surveyed participated in outdoor recreation during the year. Half of them embarked on a recreational outing daily or every other day. The most typical close-to-home activity was walking for pleasure or fitness. Other popular activities were cycling, jogging, dog walking and outings with children. Physical or fitness activities represented about 90% of all close-to-home outings. Those who lived in the suburbs of Helsinki participated in close-to-home recreation significantly more often than those living in the city centre, and had done so more recently in terms of when the survey was conducted. The amount of green areas in the vicinity of the participant''s residence and the short distance to green areas suitable for recreational use increased the number of close-to-home outings among Helsinki residents. This supports the argument that a good provision of opportunities promotes an active lifestyle. Thus, recreation areas and facilities should be located close to residential areas, and provide safe, comfortable and year-round access for daily outings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In landscape studies conducted in 2002 and 2003, Buddleja davidii (Franch.) 'White Profusion', 'Pink Delight', and 'Honeycomb' were visited by native butterflies to a greater extent than to the remaining four Buddleja examined. In general, the lowest visitation was experienced by B. crispa (Benth.) and B. lindleyana (Fortune) 'Miss Vicie'. Overall, B. davidii 'Pink Delight' was visited by the greatest number of species, while B. crispa and B. lindleyana 'Miss Vicie' were visited by the least. Total visit duration by one randomly selected butterfly was greater for B. davidii 'White Profusion', 'Honeycomb', 'Pink Delight', and 'Royal Red' in 2003, while no differences among cultivars were found in 2002. Differences in duration per visit were observed in 2003 with B. davidii 'White Profusion', 'Pink Delight', and 'Royal Red' having the greatest and B. crispa the least. Plant characteristics including inflorescence number, growth index, flower morphology, and flower color characteristics differed among cultivars. Through correlation analysis plant characteristics that contributed in part to cultivar differences in visitation were determined. Cultivar differences that consistently correlated with visitation preferences were inflorescence number and growth index. Based on correlation analysis, the cultivar characteristics that did not contribute to visitation differences included flower morphology and flower color characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychosocial needs of the critically III obstetric patient and addresses nurses' role in meeting such needs. The importance of collaboration between family members and the obstetrical unit is presented. The article also offers tips for nurses with regard to meeting the emotional needs of the patient and family members, including the ability of nurses to provide special consideration for visitation.

A quality improvement project was undertaken by Neuro-ICU nurses to determine possible effects from open visitation. From a quality improvement perspective, nurses' concerns were investigated along with their perceptions about open visitation to determine a need for visitation policy revision. Vast variability in nurses' interpretation and implementation of individualized open visitation policy suggested a need for the following: staff education about the policy and its implementation, a review of the literature to determine the validity of concerns about deleterious physiologic effects on neuroscience patients from visitation, and improved communication among nurses about visitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]