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The study assessed the effect of six weeks of biweekly upper and lower limbs' weighted-belt resisted sprint training (BRST) and weighted-vest resisted sprint training (VRST), or normal sprint training (NST) on muscle strength, speed, change of direction and handball-throwing velocity in young handball players. Twenty-seven pubertal male handball players aged 14.4 years were randomly assigned into BRST (n = 9), VRST (n = 8), and NST (n = 8) groups. Sprint ability (10-m and 30-m), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), free-arm countermovement jump (CMJFA), standing long jump (SLJ), Five-jump test (FJT), change of direction and handball-throw velocity were assessed before and after a 6-week training in-season program. Within-group interactions showed that BRST improved all tests' performances (moderate-to-large). VRST improved sprint, SLJ, FJT and handball-throw velocity performances (small-to-large). NST improved only the change of direction performances (moderate). Between-groups comparison revealed that BRST improved all testing performances, except change of direction, compared with NST (large) and improved 30-m sprint, CMJFA, FJT and handball-throw velocity performance compared with VRST (moderate-to-large). In addition, VRST improved 30-m sprint, SJ and handball-throw velocity performances compared with NST (moderate-to-large). Throwing performance changes correlated with changes in sprint time and horizontal and vertical jump abilities (r = 0.40 to r = 0.69; p < 0.01). We conclude that while both resisted sprint training improved players' sprint, jumping and handball-throw performances, substantial improvements were recorded with the BRST compared to VRST and NST. Thus, BRST could be recommended to male U15 handball players as a valuable training method for developing physical fitness and skill performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new coupled approach to incorporate the effect of vertical load on lateral response of pile in clay, by considering both the lateral and vertical strain of the soil-pile system. Experimental and numerical studies on pile subjected to combined loading carried out by different researchers showed that coupling behaviour cannot be modelled using Beams on Winkler foundation or subgrade reaction approach and use of continuum modelling is essential. However, in this present study an is made to develop a method using FEM by utilizing both the lateral and vertical strain of soil-pile system. The proposed coupled method is capable of simulating the influence of vertical load on lateral response of pile in clayey deposit much more realistically compared to uncoupled method. However, this coupling effect is more prominent for pile subjected to a vertical load equal to ultimate pile capacity (Vu), compared to pile under a load equal to allowable pile capacity (Vall). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of vertical force induced with WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA) and WaveOne Gold (WOG, Dentsply Sirona) systems during the canal shaping of extracted teeth. Methods Thirty canals in 15 maxillary premolars were divided into 2 groups: WO and WOG. The canals were gently shaped with WO/WOG Primary instruments according to the manufacturer's instructions. The vertical forces induced during canal shaping in the apical and coronal directions were recorded. The apically and coronally directed peak forces were used for analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test. The instrumentation time was analyzed using the Student t test. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (Version 22.0; IBM, Armonk, NY) at a 5% significance level. Results The force increased with the successive instrument insertions within each group. The apically and coronally directed peak forces of the WO and WOG groups ranged from 2.89–11.58 N and from 1.53–2.92 N, respectively. In the 3 insertions, WO showed higher peak forces in both directions. For apically directed peak forces, WO had significantly higher peak forces in the first and third insertions than WOG ( P < .01). For coronally directed peak forces, WO had significantly higher values in the first and second insertions ( P < .05). Conclusions The WOG system had significantly lower apically and coronally directed peak force values compared with the WO system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In environmental engineering the concrete expanded-plate pile (The CEP pile) is a new type pile, which is different from the ordinary cast-in-place concrete pile, through the special device, the bearing plate is set in the specific position of the pile, so the bearing capacity of the pile can be improved ecologically. Clay soil is the main soil layer used for burring the bearing plate, because the moisture content of clay soil layer has a certain influence on bearing capacity, in this paper, the changes of uplift bearing capacity of the CEP pile and soil failure behavior in the case of different moisture content are studied by environmental engineering model test of undisturbed soil, and it will be simulated and analyzed by using AN SYS finite element software, the analysis results are compared and come to a conclusion, and then the existing design theory of the CEP pile can be perfected, which can provide reliable theory basis for the popularization and application of this type of pile and develop solutions to environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This technical note presents the results of a series of tests carried out on instrumented model pile-raft foundation to investigate the load sharing ratios between the foundation’s components where a loose sand layer is encountered near the ground surface. Four different pile-raft models with two different pile numbers and lengths were considered. In each model, the settlement of the raft and the load of each pile were monitored during the load application process. The experiments showed the effectiveness of pile length on reducing the overall settlement of the pile-raft system. The results showed also that the proportion of load transferred to any pile in a closely spaced pile group increases with its distance from the centre of the group. Unlike some previous studies that classified soil profiles containing loose sands near the surface as unfavourable situations for piled rafts, the experimental results herein represent an evidence of the efficiency of piled rafts even in soil profiles with loose sands immediately beneath the raft. Indeed, ignoring the contribution of the raft would lead to unnecessary over-conservatism in the design of piled rafts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents the results of numerical analysis carried out using PLAXIS 3D on behaviour of rock-socketed pile subjected to independent and combined loading. The numerical procedure adopted in the analysis was validated by comparing the load test results reported in the literature. After validation of the numerical analyses, the parametric analysis were performed on the rock-socketed pile subjected to independent loading and combined loading for different rock conditions, soil cover depths and socketing lengths. From the results of parametric study, it is found that the vertical and lateral load capacities under combined loading are not significantly affected, when the soil cover depth is high. However, if the soil cover depth is low, then the behaviour of rock-socketed pile under combined loading is found to be significantly different, compared to its behaviour under independent loading. It is also seen that the rock conditions and socketing length have profound effect on pile behaviour under combined loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution of the raft to lateral loads in a piled raft foundation system can be influenced by various factors including vertical contact pressure, number of piles, pile length, and spacing to diameter s/d ratios. Design of the piled raft system is highly dependent upon the contribution of the raft which should be thoroughly investigated. In this article, an experimental and numerical investigation was conducted in order to assess the effects of various parameters on contribution of raft to lateral loads. In experimental approach, small-scale models of the aluminium raft and galvanized iron (GI) hollow piles were used for testing under vertical and lateral loads. Vertical and lateral load cells on piles were installed for real-time load monitoring and LVDTs were used for displacement monitoring. In numerical approach, finite element software PLAXIS 3D was used. A raft was defined as a plate element, while piles were modelled as embedded beams. Based on experimental and numerical investigations, it was found that vertical contact of raft with soil has a direct relationship lateral raft contribution. Because, due to vertical load, the firm contact between the raft and the soil develops, resulting in a significant lateral contribution. Depending on the raft's vertical contribution, the lateral contribution of the raft was found to be ranges from 14% to 55%. The numerical results were found fairly close to the experimental results. As a result, PLAXIS 3D was used to conduct a parametric analysis and It was determined that vertical pressure was directly related while the other three parameters were inversely related to the lateral raft resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction To evaluate the vertical load induced with the Twisted File Adaptive (TFA; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) system during canal shaping of extracted teeth by comparing it with the Twisted File (TF, SybronEndo), ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and ProTaper Universal (PTU, Dentsply Maillefer) systems. Methods Fifty-two root canals were shaped using the TFA, TF, PTN, or PTU systems ( n = 13 for each system). They were shaped gently according to the manufacturers' instructions. During canal shaping, vertical loads were recorded and shown in 2 directions, apically and coronally directed loads. The vertical peak loads of 3 instrumentation stages were used for comparison. The effects of rotary systems on the mean positive and negative peak loads were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a confidence level of 95%. Results The overall pattern of the instantaneous loads appeared to increase with the use of successive instruments within the system. During canal shaping in all groups, the apically and coronally directed peak loads ranged from 0.84–7.55 N and 2.16–2.79 N, respectively. There were significant differences in both peak loads among the tested systems at each instrumentation stage. TFA had the lowest apically directed peak loads. In terms of coronally directed peak loads, the TFA and TF had a significantly lower amount of loads developed with their instruments than PTN and PTU. Conclusions The choice of instrument system had an influence on the loads developed during canal shaping. TFA instruments were associated favorably with the lowest values of peak loads followed by TF, PTN, and PTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] ANNs a promising tool could efficiently tackle predicting the stochastic wheel rolling resistance force. [•] For provision of controlled condition during experimentations, a capacious soil bin and a wheel tester were utilized. [•] Effects of velocity, inflation pressure and wheel load were investigated by various ANN topologies. [•] Momentum and learning rate effects were explored on the various ANN modeling implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study conducted to assess the ability of a trunk-mounted Global Positioning System (GPS) or accelerometer system to accurately measure vertical impacts and sacral levels. It informs that 50 semi-professional Australian footballers from the Australia Rules football participated in the study. The article concludes that there is no conclusive relationship between vertical load measured by the GPS and lower limb, non-contact injury.

A rigorous analytical method is presented, which takes into account the pile stiffening effects, using the theory of the transfer matrix-bottom rigidity for calculating the interaction factor between two identical piles in multi-layered soils subjected to vertical loads. Following the technique proposed by Multi and Sternberg, the problem is decomposed into extended soil layers and two fictitious piles characterized respectively by Young's moduli of the layered soils and those of the differences between the piles and the layered soils. The unknown axial forces along fictitious piles are determined by solving a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, which imposes the compatibility condition that the axial strains of the fictitious piles are equal to those corresponding to the centroidal axes of the extended layered soils. The real pile displacements can be calculated based on the determined fictitious pile forces, and finally, the desired pile interaction factors may be obtained. Selected results from parametrical studies are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed approach and portray the influence of the governing parameters on the pile interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the testing of Cazaly hanger connection, a component related to the precast concrete systems, in accordance with the design guidelines offered by the organization Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). It mentions that the testing was conducted by the Canadian Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (CPCI) in 1965. It focuses on the upgradation of the PCI design guidelines regarding Cazaly hanger connection.