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Nonpharmacologic distraction (NPD) during medical procedures in children is known to be beneficial to patients; however, no reviews have assessed their benefits to medical providers.We aimed to assess the benefits of NPD to medical providers.We searched 5 databases for relevant articles.Peer-reviewed published randomized controlled trials comparing NPD with standard care that included children who had undergone medical procedures were included.Primary outcomes were procedure time, number of medical staff involved, and initial success rate of venipuncture. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias by using the Cochrane Collaboration (Oxford, United Kingdom)’s Randomized Controlled Trials Risk of Bias Tool, and we performed a meta-analysis to assess efficacy.We included 22 trials with 1968 participants. The main NPD was audiovisual distraction, such as tablets. No significant difference was found in venipuncture procedure time (mean difference: −9.79; 95% confidence interval: −22.38 to 2.81; low certainty). We found no studies on the number of medical staff.Our review did not find any clear NPD-associated benefit for the medical provider. The review included a small amount of literature, analyzed a small number of cases, and had a low certainty of evidence regarding procedure duration; therefore, further studies are needed to conclude the benefits to clinicians of NPD.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used after trauma to prevent bleeding. Our goal was to examine the influence of TXA on morbidity and mortality for children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation remains high. This study determined the percentage and characteristics of patients who developed lung abscesses or pyothorax and their mortality rates among adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU who required mechanical ventilation. Of the 64 patients with COVID-19 assessed, 30 (47%) developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), of whom 6 (20%) developed pyothorax or lung abscess. There were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics, treatment after ICU admission, or outcomes between those with and without these complications, except for age. VAP complicated by Lung abscess or pyothorax was caused by a single organism, with Staphylococcus aureus (n= 4) and Klebsiellaspecies (n= 2) being the primary causative agents. Occur infrequently in patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. Large-scale studies are required to elucidate their effects on clinical outcomes.