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The influence of splitters on the flow structure mechanism around two side-by-side square cylinders with connected splitters at downstream position has been investigated in this article using lattice Boltzmann method at a fixed Reynolds number of 150. The normalized distance between the two cylinders is varied from 0.5 to 5 (e.g., 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5), and the normalized length of the connected splitters is varied from 1 to 4 with an increment of 0.5 (e.g., 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4). For varying spacing ratios and length of splitters, the flow structure has been characterized into single bluff body, flip-flopping, in-phase non-synchronized, and anti-phase synchronized flow pattern. Changing the length of the splitters influences force statistics like the mean drag coefficient and the Strouhal number, which are examined in this study as well. The mean drag coefficients and Strouhal numbers of two side-by-side square cylinders with splitters are compared to the data of two side-by-side square cylinders without splitters, and it is observed that these forces did not always reduce and that in some cases, accession rather than reduction may happen. The computational and experimental results of other researchers are compared to the current observed flow patterns, and good agreement is found.

In this article, a meshless numerical technique based on radial basis functions (RBFs) is proposed for the solution of singular perturbed, obstacle, and second-order boundary value problems. First, the unknown function and their derivatives are approximated by RBFs which reduces the given problem into a system of algebraic equations which is easy to solve. The shape parameter involved in RBFs is chosen by the hit and trial method. Despite this, the convergence of the scheme is briefly discussed numerically. The nonlinear terms are linearized by quasi-linearization technique. The main objective of this paper is to show that the meshless RBFs-based method is convenient for various classes of boundary value problems. Efficiency and performance of the proposed technique are examined by calculating absolute error norms. Obtained accurate results confirm applicability and efficiency of the method.

Magnetic solid phase extraction methods for the preconcentration of Pd(II) and Cd(II) was developed by using reduced graphene oxide-polychloroprene impregnated with magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs- RGO-PCP) as an adsorbent. MNPs-RGO-PCP was synthesized and characterized by using Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. Factors affecting extraction efficiency of the adsorbents such as solution pH, vortex time, adsorbent dose, sample volume and desorption condition were determined and optimized. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, linear range, preconcentration factors, enhancement factors and % relative standard deviations were determined under optimized experimental condition. Kinetic study shows that the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on MNPs-RGO-PCP follows pseudo- second-order kinetics. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and entropy (ΔS°) show that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. The developed method was applied to certified reference materials such as TMDA 52.2 environmental water, TMDA 62.2 environmental water and SPS-WW2 wastewater with satisfied recovery results. The method was also applied to real environmental samples such as dam water, river water and water from industrial effluent with good addition recovery results.

•Vitamin C stability after 14 days of storage was up to 80%. Vitamin C Supplementation significantly increased antioxidant capacity of cultured buttermilk samples•Fatty acids composition, organic acids contents and free fatty acids of vitamin C supplemented buttermilk samples were similar to the control•This research work will open new array for food industry to provide functional dairy products with consumer acceptability.

This study is concerned with the analysis of the characteristics of flow around two side-by-side square cylinders in presence and absence of splitter plate. The gap spacing (g) between both cylinders as well as between splitter plate and cylinders is varied from 0 to 4 and height of splitter plate is varied from 0.2 to 0.8 with fixed Reynolds number (Re) = 150. Lattice Boltzmann method is used in this analysis to numerically compute the fluid flow characteristics. Two different arrangements are considered in this study; arrangement-I: two side-by-side square cylinders without a splitter plate, arrangement-II: splitter plate placed at the rear side of two side-by-side square cylinders. Based on different characteristics, the flow structure is divided into seven different flow patterns for both arrangements. The mean drag coefficient (Cdmean), Strouhal number (St), root-mean-square values of drag and lift coefficients (Cdrms and Clrms) of two side-by-side square cylinders with and without splitter plate are compared. It is observed that Cdmean, Cdrms and Clrms of both cylinders reduced significantly at smaller splitter heights as compared to higher splitter heights at small gwhile at intermediate gthese values reduced at all values of splitter heights. An interesting fact is observed that the placement of splitter plate at downstream of two side-by-side square cylinders does not always minimize the magnitude of fluid forces instead for some splitter heights the magnitude of fluid forces increases instead of decreasing.