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119 results on '"Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne"'

1. Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Author: Dharmayat, Kanika Inamdar, Vallejo-Vaz, Antonio J., Stevens, Christophe A.T., Brandts, Julia M., Lyons, Alexander R.M., Groselj, Urh, Abifadel, Marianne, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Alhabib, Khalid, Alkhnifsawi, Mutaz, Almahmeed, Wael, Alnouri, Fahad, Alonso, Rodrigo, Al-Rasadi, Khalid, Ashavaid, Tester F., Banach, Maciej, Béliard, Sophie, Binder, Christoph, Bourbon, Mafalda, Chlebus, Krzysztof, Corral, Pablo, Cruz, Diogo, Descamps, Olivier S., Drogari, Euridiki, Durst, Ronen, Ezhov, Marat V., Genest, Jacques, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Holven, Kirsten B., Humphries, Steve E., Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Lalic, Katarina, Laufs, Ulrich, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine, Lima-Martinez, Marcos Miguel, Lin, Jie, Maher, Vincent, März, Winfried, Miserez, André R., Mitchenko, Olena, Nawawi, Hapizah, Panayiotou, Andrie G., Paragh, György, Postadzhiyan, Arman, Reda, Ashraf, Reiner, Željko, Reyes, Ximena, Sadiq, Fouzia, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Schunkert, Heribert, Shek, Aleksandr B., Stroes, Eric, Su, Ta-Chen, Subramaniam, Tavintharan, Susekov, Andrey, Vázquez Cárdenas, Alejandra, Huong Truong, Thanh, Tselepis, Alexandros D., Vohnout, Branislav, Wang, Luya, Yamashita, Shizuya, Al-Sarraf, Ahmad, Al-Sayed, Nasreen, Davletov, Kairat, Dwiputra, Bambang, Gaita, Dan, Kayikcioglu, Meral, Latkovskis, Gustavs, Marais, A. David, Thushara Matthias, Anne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Petrulioniene, Zaneta, Pojskic, Belma, Sadoh, Wilson, Tilney, Myra, Tomlinson, Brian, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Viigimaa, Margus, Catapano, Alberico L., Freiberger, Tomas, Hovingh, G. Kees, Mata, Pedro, Soran, Handrean, Raal, Frederick, Watts, Gerald F., Schreier, Laura, Bañares, Virginia, Greber-Platzer, Susanne, Baumgartner-Kaut, Margot, de Gier, Charlotte, Dieplinger, Hans, Höllerl, Florian, Innerhofer, Reinhold, Karall, Daniela, Lischka, Julia, Ludvik, Bernhard, Mäser, Martin, Scholl-Bürgi, Sabine, Thajer, Alexandra, Toplak, Hermann, Demeure, Fabian, Mertens, Ann, Balligand, Jean-Luc, Stephenne, Xavier, Sokal, Etienne, Petrov, Ivo, Goudev, Assen, Nikolov, Fedya, Tisheva, Snejana, Yotov, Yoto, Tzvetkov, Ivajlo, Hegele, Robert A, Gaudet, Daniel, Brunham, Liam, Ruel, Isabelle, McCrindle, Brian, Cuevas, Ada, Perica, Dražen, Symeonides, Phivos, Trogkanis, Efstratios, Kostis, Andreas, Ioannou, Andreas, Mouzarou, Angeliki, Georgiou, Anthoula, Stylianou, Andreas, Miltiadous, George, Iacovides, Paris, Deltas, Constantinos, Vrablik, Michal, Urbanova, Zuzana, Jesina, Pavel, Tichy, Lukas, Hyanek, Josef, Dvorakova, Jana, Cepova, Jana, Sykora, Josef, Buresova, Kristyna, Pipek, Michal, Pistkova, Eva, Bartkova, Ivana, S, Astrid, Toukalkova, Lenka, Spenerova, Michaela, Maly, Jan, Benn, Marianne, Bendary, Ahmed, Elbahry, Atef, Ferrières, Jean, Ferrieres, Dorota, Peretti, Noel, Bruckert, Eric, Gallo, Antonio, Valero, René, Mourre, Florian, Aouchiche, Karine, Reynaud, Rachel, Tounian, Patrick, Lemale, Julie, Boccara, Franck, Moulin, Philippe, Charrières, Sybil, Di Filippo, Mathilde, Cariou, Bertrand, Paillard, François, Dourmap, Caroline, Pradignac, Alain, Verges, Bruno, Simoneau, Isabelle, Farnier, Michel, Cottin, Yves, Yelnik, Cecile, Hankard, Regis, Schiele, François, Durlach, Vincent, Sultan, Ariane, Carrié, Alain, Rabès, Jean-Pierre, Sanin, Veronika, Schmieder, Roland, Ates, Sara, Rizos, Christos V., Skoumas, Ioannis, Tziomalos, Konstantinos, Rallidis, Loukianos, Kotsis, Vasileios, Doumas, Michalis, Skalidis, Emmanouil, Kolovou, Genovefa, Kolovou, Vana, Garoufi, Anastasia, Koutagiar, Iosif, Polychronopoulos, Georgios, Kiouri, Estela, Antza, Christina, Zacharis, Evangelos, Attilakos, Achilleas, Sfikas, George, Koumaras, Charalambos, Anagnostis, Panagiotis, Anastasiou, Georgia, Liamis, George, Adamidis, Petros-Spyridon, Milionis, Haralambos, Lambadiari, Vaia, Stabouli, Stella, Filippatos, Theodosios, Mollaki, Vicky, Tsaroumi, Anastasia, Lamari, Frida, Proyias, Pavlos, Harangi, Mariann, Reddy, Lakshmi Lavanya, Shah, Swarup A. V, Ponde, Chandrashekhar K., Dalal, Jamshed J., Sawhney, Jitendra P.S., Verma, Ishwar C., Hosseini, Susan, Jamialahmadi, Tannaz, Alareedh, Mohammed, Shaghee, Foaad, Rhadi, Sabah Hasan, Abduljalal, Maryam, Alfil, Sarmad, Kareem, Huda, Cohen, Hofit, Leitersdorf, Eran, Schurr, Daniel, Shpitzen, Shoshi, Arca, Marcello, Averna, Maurizio, Bertolini, Stefano, Calandra, Sebastiano, Tarugi, Patrizia, Casula, Manuela, Galimberti, Federica, Gazzotti, Marta, Olmastroni, Elena, Sarzani, Riccardo, Ferri, Claudio, Repetti, Elena, Giorgino, Francesco, Suppressa, Patrizia, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Borghi, Claudio, Muntoni, Sandro, Cipollone, Francesco, Scicali, Roberto, Pujia, Arturo, Passaro, Angelina, Berteotti, Martina, Pecchioli, Valerio, Pisciotta, Livia, Mandraffino, Giuseppe, Pellegatta, Fabio, Mombelli, Giuliana, Branchi, Adriana, Fiorenza, Anna Maria, Pederiva, Cristina, Werba, José Pablo, Parati, Gianfranco, Nascimbeni, Fabio, Iughetti, Lorenzo, Fortunato, Giuliana, Cavallaro, Raimondo, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Calabrò, Paolo, Cefalù, Angelo Baldassare, Capra, Maria Elena, Zambon, Alberto, Pirro, Matteo, Sbrana, Francesco, Trenti, Chiara, Minicocci, Ilenia, Federici, Massimo, Del Ben, Maria, Buonuomo, Paola Sabrina, Moffa, Simona, Pipolo, Antonio, Citroni, Nadia, Guardamagna, Ornella, Lia, Salvatore, Benso, Andrea, Biolo, Gianni Biolo, Maroni, Lorenzo, Lupi, Alessandro, Bonanni, Luca, Rinaldi, Elisabetta, Zenti, Maria Grazia, Masuda, Daisaku, Mahfouz, Linda, Jambart, Selim, Ayoub, Carine, Ghaleb, Youmna, Kasim, Noor Alicezah Mohd, Nor, Noor Shafina Mohd, Al-Khateeb, Alyaa, Kadir, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul, Chua, Yung-An, Razman, Aimi Zafira, Nazli, Sukma Azureen, Ranai, Norashikin Mohd, Latif, Ahmad Zubaidi Abd, Torres, María Teresa Magaña, Mehta, Roopa, Martagon, Alexandro J., Ramirez, Gabriela A. Galan, Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo, Vargas-Vazquez, Arsenio, Elias-Lopez, Daniel, Retana, Gustavo Gonzalez, Encinas, Bethsabel Rodriguez, Macias, Jose J. Ceballos, Zazueta, Alejandro Romero, Alvarado, Rocio Martinez, Portano, Julieta D. Morales, Lopez, Humberto Alvares, Sauque-Reyna, Leobardo, Gomez Herrera, Laura G., Simental Mendia, Luis E., Aguilar, Humberto Garcia, Cooremans, Elizabeth Ramirez, Aparicio, na, Zubieta, Victoria Mendoza, Gonzalez, Perla A. Carrillo, Ferreira-Hermosillo, Aldo, Portilla, Nacu Caracas, Dominguez, Guadalupe Jimenez, Garcia, Alinna Y. Ruiz, Arriaga Cazares, Hector E., Gonzalez Gonzalez, Jesus R., Mendez Valencia, Carla V., Padilla Padilla, Francisco G., Prado, Ramon Madriz, De los Rios Ibarra, Manuel O., na, Acevedo Rivera, Karina J., Carrera, Ricardo Allende, Alvarez, Jose A., Amezcua Martinez, Jose C., Barrera Bustillo, Manuel de los Reyes, Vargas, Gonzalo Carazo, Chacon, Roberto Contreras, Figueroa Andrade, Mario H., Ortega, Ashanty Flores, Alcala, Hector Garcia, Garcia de Leon, Laura E., Guzman, Berenice Garcia, Garcia, no, Garnica Cuellar, Juan C., Gomez Cruz, Jose R., Garcia, Anell Hernandez, Holguin Almada, Jesus R., Herrera, Ursulo Juarez, Sobrevilla, Fabiola Lugo, Rodriguez, Eduardo Marquez, Sibaja, Cristina Martinez, Medrano Rodriguez, Alma B., Morales Oyervides, Jose C., Perez Vazquez, Daniel I., Reyes Rodriguez, Eduardo A., Osorio, Ma. Ludivina Robles, Saucedo, Juan Rosas, Tamayo, Margarita Torres, Valdez Talavera, Luis A., Vera Arroyo, Luis E., Zepeda Carrillo, Eloy A., Galema-Boers, Annette, Weigman, Albert, Bogsrud, Martin P., Malik, Munir, Shah, Saeedullah, Khan, Sabeen Abid, Rana, Muhammad Asim, Batool, Hijab, Starostecka, Ewa, Konopka, Agnieszka, Lewek, Joanna, Bielecka-Dąbrowa, Agata, Gach, Agnieszka, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Pajkowski, Marcin, Romanowska-Kocejko, Marzena, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka, Marta, Hellmann, Marcin, Chmara, Magdalena, Wasąg, Bartosz, Parczewska, Aleksandra, Gilis-Malinowska, Natasza, Borowiec-Wolna, Justyna, Stróżyk, Aneta, Michalska-Grzonkowska, Aleksandra, Chlebus, Izabela, Kleinschmidt, Mariola, Wojtecka, Agnieszka, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Myśliwiec, Małgorzata, Hennig, Matylda, Medeiros, Ana Margarida, Alves, Ana Catarina, Almeida, Ana Filipa, Lopes, Andreia, Guerra, António, Bilhoto, Carla, Simões, Fernando, Silva, Francisco, Lobarinhas, Goreti, Gama, Guida, Palma, Isabel, Salgado, José Miguel, Matos, Luísa Diogo, Moura, Márcio de, Virtuoso, Maria João, Tavares, Mónica, Ferreira, Patrícia, Pais, Patrícia, Garcia, Paula, Coelho, Raquel, Ribeiro, Raquel, Correia, Susana, Sadykova, Dinara, Slastnikova, Evgenia, Alammari, Dalal, Mawlawi, Horia Ahmed, Alsahari, Atif, Khudary, Alia Abdullah, Alrowaily, Nawal Lafi, Rajkovic, Natasa, Popovic, Ljiljana, Singh, Sandra, Rasulic, Iva, Petakov, Ana, Lalic, Nebojsa M., Peng, Fabian Kok, Vasanwala, Rashida Farhan, Venkatesh, Sreedharan Aravind, Raslova, Katarina, Fabryova, Lubomira, Nociar, Jan, Šaligova, Jana, Potočňáková, Ludmila, Kozárová, Miriam, Varga, Tibor, Kadurova, Michaela, Debreova, Marianna, Novodvorsky, Peter, Gonova, Katarina, Klabnik, Alexander, Buganova, Ingrid, Battelino, Tadej, Bizjan, Barbara Jenko, Debeljak, Marusa, Kovac, Jernej, Mlinaric, Matej, Molk, Neza, Sikonja, Jaka, Sustar, Ursa, Podkrajsek, Katarina Trebusak, Muñiz-Grijalvo, Ovidio, Díaz-Díaz, Jose Luis, de Andrés, Raimundo, Fuentes-Jiménez, Francisco, Blom, Dirk, Miserez, Eleonore B., Shipton, Janine L., Ganokroj, Poranee, Futema, Marta, Ramaswami, Uma, Alieva, Rano B., Fozilov, Khurshid G., Khoshimov, Shavkat U., Nizamov, Ulugbek I., Abdullaeva, Guzal J., Kan, Liliya E., Abdullaev, Alisher A., Zakirova, Daria V., Do, Doan-Loi, Nguyen, Mai-Ngoc-Thi, Kim, Ngoc-Thanh, Le, Thanh-Tung, Le, Hong-An, Santos, Raul, and Ray, Kausik K.
Abstract: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies.
Published: 2024
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2. Integrative common and rare variant analyses provide insights into the genetic architecture of liver cirrhosis

Author: Ghouse, Jonas, Sveinbjörnsson, Gardar, Vujkovic, Marijana, Seidelin, Anne-Sofie, Gellert-Kristensen, Helene, Ahlberg, Gustav, Tragante, Vinicius, Rand, Søren A., Brancale, Joseph, Vilarinho, Silvia, Lundegaard, Pia Rengtved, Sørensen, Erik, Erikstrup, Christian, Bruun, Mie Topholm, Jensen, Bitten Aagaard, Brunak, Søren, Banasik, Karina, Ullum, Henrik, Verweij, Niek, Lotta, Luca, Baras, Aris, Mirshahi, Tooraj, Carey, David J., Kaplan, David E., Lynch, Julie, Morgan, Timothy, Schwantes-An, Tae-Hwi, Dochtermann, Daniel R., Pyarajan, Saiju, Tsao, Philip S., Laisk, Triin, Mägi, Reedik, Kozlitina, Julia, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Jones, David, Knowlton, Kirk U., Nadauld, Lincoln, Ferkingstad, Egil, Björnsson, Einar S., Ulfarsson, Magnus O., Sturluson, Árni, Sulem, Patrick, Pedersen, Ole B., Ostrowski, Sisse R., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Stefansson, Kari, Olesen, Morten Salling, Chang, Kyong-Mi, Holm, Hilma, Bundgaard, Henning, and Stender, Stefan
Abstract: We report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study on liver cirrhosis and its associated endophenotypes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase. Using data from 12 cohorts, including 18,265 cases with cirrhosis, 1,782,047 controls, up to 1 million individuals with liver function tests and a validation cohort of 21,689 cases and 617,729 controls, we identify and validate 14 risk associations for cirrhosis. Many variants are located near genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. One of these, PNPLA3p.Ile148Met, interacts with alcohol intake, obesity and diabetes on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We develop a polygenic risk score that associates with the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. By focusing on prioritized genes from common variant analyses, we find that rare coding variants in GPAMassociate with lower ALT, supporting GPAMas a potential target for therapeutic inhibition. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the genetic underpinnings of cirrhosis.
Published: 2024
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3. Actionability and familial uptake following opportunistic genomic screening in a pediatric cancer cohort

Author: Hammer-Hansen, Sophia, Stoltze, Ulrik, Bartels, Emil, Hansen, Thomas van Overeem, Byrjalsen, Anna, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Juul, Klaus, Schmiegelow, Kjeld, Tfelt, Jacob, Bundgaard, Henning, Wadt, Karin, and Diness, Birgitte Rode
Abstract: The care for patients with serious conditions is increasingly guided by genomic medicine, and genomic medicine may equally transform care for healthy individual if genomic population screening is implemented. This study examines the medical impact of opportunistic genomic screening (OGS) in a cohort of patients undergoing comprehensive genomic germline DNA testing for childhood cancer, including the impact on their relatives. Medical actionability and uptake after cascade testing in the period following disclosure of OGS results was quantified. A secondary finding was reported to 19/595 (3.2%) probands primarily in genes related to cardiovascular and lipid disorders. After a mean follow up time of 1.6 years (Interquartile range (IQR): 0.57-1.92 yrs.) only 12 (63%) of these variants were found to be medically actionable. Clinical follow up or treatment was planned in 16 relatives, and as in the probands, the prescribed treatment was primarily betablockers or cholesterol lowering therapy. No invasive procedures or implantation of medical devices were performed in probands or relatives, and no reproductive counseling was requested. After an average of 1.6 years of follow-up 2.25 relatives per family with an actionable finding had been tested. This real-world experience of OGS grants new insight into the practical implementation effects and derived health care demands of genotype-first screening. The resulting health care effect and impact on demand for genetic counseling and workup in relatives extends beyond the effect in the probands.
Published: 2024
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4. C‐reactive protein levels and risk of dementia—Observational and genetic studies of 111,242 individuals from the general population.

Author: Hegazy, Sharif H., Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Rasmussen, Ida Juul, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, and Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Introduction: Increased plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in midlife are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas in older age the opposite association is observed. Whether genetically determined CRP is associated with AD remains unclear. Methods: A total of 111,242 White individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study were included. Plasma levels of CRP and four regulatory genetic variants in the CRP gene were determined. Results: For CRP percentile group 1 to 5 (lowest plasma CRP) versus the 50 to 75 group (reference), the hazard ratio for AD was 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.29–2.16). Genetically low CRP was associated with increased risk of AD in individuals with body mass index ≤25 kg/m2 (P = 4 × 10−6). Discussion: Low plasma levels of CRP at baseline were associated with high risk of AD in individuals from the general population. These observational findings were supported by genetic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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5. Associations of Alzheimer Disease–Protective APOE Variants With Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author: Rasmussen, Katrine L., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: The association of major lipid genes with and their potential as drug targets for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown. These associations are important to study because AMD is the leading cause of irreversible late-onset blindness in high-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the full range of structural genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (APOE), a master gene in peripheral and cerebral lipid metabolism, is associated with risk of AMD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) cohorts. Participants were followed from study inclusion at the time of blood sampling to occurrence of event, death, emigration, or December 7, 2018, whichever came first. For participants in CCHS, the APOE gene was sequenced, and 9 variants with a heterozygote frequency of at least 0.0002 were genotyped in the CGPS. Observers were masked to patient groupings. Data were analyzed from March to September 2021. EXPOSURES: The exposure was APOE status, and the direct gene product in plasma, apoE levels, was measured in all participants. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cox regression was applied to estimate risk of AMD associated with APOE genotype. RESULTS: A total of 105 546 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.7 [13.4] years; 58 140 [55%] female participants) were included. Compared with participants with the common ɛ33 genotype, risk of AMD was lower in participants with ε44 (multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.96) and ε43 (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90) genotypes and higher in the ε32 (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31) genotype. Compared with noncarriers, risk of AMD was higher for participants with Gly145Asp (aHR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.14-10.96) and Arg154Cys (aHR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1-13-18.13) heterozygotes. Results were similar after further adjustment for lipid traits and after adjustment for the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 variant. Combining all common and rare structural variants in a weighted allele score, risk of AMD per 1-mg/dL genetically higher plasma apoE was increased in the adjusted model (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), the adjusted model plus APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 status (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20-2.76), and the adjusted model in individuals with the ε33 genotype only (aHR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14-2.75). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings highlight that structural variation in APOE beyond the ε2/ε3/ε4 variants may be important for risk of AMD in a population of European ancestry. Rare functional ɛ2-like variants in APOE have previously been reported to have protective associations for Alzheimer disease but the present findings suggest a simultaneous high risk of AMD. This would limit the drug target potential of mechanisms resembling these variants.
Published: 2023
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6. Mild-to-Moderate Kidney Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

Author: Gaziano, Liam, Sun, Luanluan, Arnold, Matthew, Bell, Steven, Cho, Kelly, Kaptoge, Stephen K., Song, Rebecca J., Burgess, Stephen, Posner, Daniel C., Mosconi, Katja, Robinson-Cohen, Cassianne, Mason, Amy M., Bolton, Thomas R., Tao, Ran, Allara, Elias, Schubert, Petra, Chen, Lingyan, Staley, James R., Staplin, Natalie, Altay, Servet, Amiano, Pilar, Arndt, Volker, Ärnlöv, Johan, Barr, Elizabeth L.M., Björkelund, Cecilia, Boer, Jolanda M.A., Brenner, Hermann, Casiglia, Edoardo, Chiodini, Paolo, Cooper, Jackie A., Coresh, Josef, Cushman, Mary, Dankner, Rachel, Davidson, Karina W., de Jongh, Renate T., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Engström, Gunnar, Freisling, Heinz, de la Cámara, Agustín Gómez, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hankey, Graeme J., Hansson, Per-Olof, Heath, Alicia K., Hoorn, Ewout J., Imano, Hironori, Jassal, Simerjot K., Kaaks, Rudolf, Katzke, Verena, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kiechl, Stefan, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kronmal, Richard A., Kyrø, Cecilie, Lawlor, Deborah A., Ljungberg, Börje, MacDonald, Conor, Masala, Giovanna, Meisinger, Christa, Melander, Olle, Moreno Iribas, Conchi, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nitsch, Dorothea, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Onland-Moret, Charlotte, Palmieri, Luigi, Petrova, Dafina, Garcia, Jose Ramón Quirós, Rosengren, Annika, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Sakurai, Masaru, Santiuste, Carmen, Schulze, Matthias B., Sieri, Sabina, Sundström, Johan, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Tjønneland, Anne, Tong, Tammy, Tumino, Rosario, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Monique Verschuren, W.M., Völzke, Henry, Wallace, Robert B., Wannamethee, S. Goya, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willeit, Peter, Woodward, Mark, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Zamora-Ros, Raul, Akwo, Elvis A., Pyarajan, Saiju, Gagnon, David R., Tsao, Philip S., Muralidhar, Sumitra, Edwards, Todd L., Damrauer, Scott M., Joseph, Jacob, Pennells, Lisa, Wilson, Peter W.F., Harrison, Seamus, Gaziano, Thomas A., Inouye, Michael, Baigent, Colin, Casas, Juan P., Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nick, Riboli, Elio, Gaziano, J.Michael, Danesh, John, Hung, Adriana M., Butterworth, Adam S., Wood, Angela M., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Koettgen, Anna, Shaw, Jonathan, Atkins, Robert, Zimmet, Paul, Whincup, Peter, Willeit, Peter, Willeit, Johann, Leitner, Christoph, Casiglia, Edoardo, Tikhonoff, Valérie, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Schnohr, Peter, Afzal, Shoaib, Pablos, David Lora, Arriscado, Cristina Martin, Ferreiro, Carmen Romero, Wallace, Robert B., Stocker, Hannah, Schöttker, Ben, Holleczek, Bernd, Chetrit, Angela, Welin, Lennart, Svärdsudd, Kurt, Welin, Lennart, Svärdsudd, Kurt, Lissner, Lauren, Hange, Dominique, Mehlig, Kirsten, Nagel, Dorothea, Norman, Paul E., Almeida, Osvaldo, Flicker, Leon, Hata, Jun, Honda, Takanori, Furuta, Yoshihiko, Iso, Hiroyasu, Kitamura, Akihiko, Muraki, Isao, Salonen, Jukka T., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, van Zutphen, E. M., van Schoor, N. M., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Lo Noce, Cinzia, Palmieri, Luigi, Cushman, Mary, Kronmal, Richard, Koenig, Wolfgang, Meisinger, Christa, Lappas, Georg, Nilsson, Peter M., Melander, Olle, Hedblad, Bo, Nitsch, Dorothea, Cooper, Jackie A., Shaffer, Jonathan, Schwartz, Joseph, Shimbo, Daichi, Sato, Shinichi, Iso, Hiroyasu, Hayama-Terada, Mina, Jassal, Simerjot, Aspelund, Thor, Thorsson, Bolli, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Chaker, Layal, Ikram, Kamran M., Kavousi, Maryam, Tunstall-Pedoe, Hugh, Woodward, Mark, Völzke, Henry, Can, Günay, Yüksel, Hüsniye, Özkan, Uğur, Nakagawa, Hideaki, Morikawa, Yuko, Ishizaki, Masao, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arndt, Volker, Feskens, Edith, Geleijnse, Johanna M, and Kromhout, Daan
Published: 2022
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7. Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Author: Mishra, Aniket, Malik, Rainer, Hachiya, Tsuyoshi, Jürgenson, Tuuli, Namba, Shinichi, Posner, Daniel C., Kamanu, Frederick K., Koido, Masaru, Le Grand, Quentin, Shi, Mingyang, He, Yunye, Georgakis, Marios K., Caro, Ilana, Krebs, Kristi, Liaw, Yi-Ching, Vaura, Felix C., Lin, Kuang, Winsvold, Bendik Slagsvold, Srinivasasainagendra, Vinodh, Parodi, Livia, Bae, Hee-Joon, Chauhan, Ganesh, Chong, Michael R., Tomppo, Liisa, Akinyemi, Rufus, Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Habib, Naomi, Jee, Yon Ho, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Abedi, Vida, Cárcel-Márquez, Jara, Nygaard, Marianne, Leonard, Hampton L., Yang, Chaojie, Yonova-Doing, Ekaterina, Knol, Maria J., Lewis, Adam J., Judy, Renae L., Ago, Tetsuro, Amouyel, Philippe, Armstrong, Nicole D., Bakker, Mark K., Bartz, Traci M., Bennett, David A., Bis, Joshua C., Bordes, Constance, Børte, Sigrid, Cain, Anael, Ridker, Paul M., Cho, Kelly, Chen, Zhengming, Cruchaga, Carlos, Cole, John W., de Jager, Phil L., de Cid, Rafael, Endres, Matthias, Ferreira, Leslie E., Geerlings, Mirjam I., Gasca, Natalie C., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hata, Jun, He, Jing, Heath, Alicia K., Ho, Yuk-Lam, Havulinna, Aki S., Hopewell, Jemma C., Hyacinth, Hyacinth I., Inouye, Michael, Jacob, Mina A., Jeon, Christina E., Jern, Christina, Kamouchi, Masahiro, Keene, Keith L., Kitazono, Takanari, Kittner, Steven J., Konuma, Takahiro, Kumar, Amit, Lacaze, Paul, Launer, Lenore J., Lee, Keon-Joo, Lepik, Kaido, Li, Jiang, Li, Liming, Manichaikul, Ani, Markus, Hugh S., Marston, Nicholas A., Meitinger, Thomas, Mitchell, Braxton D., Montellano, Felipe A., Morisaki, Takayuki, Mosley, Thomas H., Nalls, Mike A., Nordestgaard, Børge G., O’Donnell, Martin J., Okada, Yukinori, Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte, Ovbiagele, Bruce, Peters, Annette, Psaty, Bruce M., Rich, Stephen S., Rosand, Jonathan, Sabatine, Marc S., Sacco, Ralph L., Saleheen, Danish, Sandset, Else Charlotte, Salomaa, Veikko, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Sasaki, Makoto, Satizabal, Claudia L., Schmidt, Carsten O., Shimizu, Atsushi, Smith, Nicholas L., Sloane, Kelly L., Sutoh, Yoichi, Sun, Yan V., Tanno, Kozo, Tiedt, Steffen, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Torres-Aguila, Nuria P., Tiwari, Hemant K., Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Trompet, Stella, Tuladhar, Anil Man, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, van Vugt, Marion, Vibo, Riina, Verma, Shefali S., Wiggins, Kerri L., Wennberg, Patrik, Woo, Daniel, Wilson, Peter W. F., Xu, Huichun, Yang, Qiong, Yoon, Kyungheon, Millwood, Iona Y., Gieger, Christian, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Grabe, Hans J., Jukema, J. Wouter, Rissanen, Ina L., Strbian, Daniel, Kim, Young Jin, Chen, Pei-Hsin, Mayerhofer, Ernst, Howson, Joanna M. M., Irvin, Marguerite R., Adams, Hieab, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Christensen, Kaare, Ikram, Mohammad A., Rundek, Tatjana, Worrall, Bradford B., Lathrop, G. Mark, Riaz, Moeen, Simonsick, Eleanor M., Kõrv, Janika, França, Paulo H. C., Zand, Ramin, Prasad, Kameshwar, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Liman, Thomas, Haeusler, Karl Georg, Ruigrok, Ynte M., Heuschmann, Peter Ulrich, Longstreth, W. T., Jung, Keum Ji, Bastarache, Lisa, Paré, Guillaume, Damrauer, Scott M., Chasman, Daniel I., Rotter, Jerome I., Anderson, Christopher D., Zwart, John-Anker, Niiranen, Teemu J., Fornage, Myriam, Liaw, Yung-Po, Seshadri, Sudha, Fernández-Cadenas, Israel, Walters, Robin G., Ruff, Christian T., Owolabi, Mayowa O., Huffman, Jennifer E., Milani, Lili, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Dichgans, Martin, and Debette, Stephanie
Abstract: Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P< 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2Aand FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
Published: 2022
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8. Variants in the GPR146Gene Are Associated With a Favorable Cardiometabolic Risk Profile

Author: Rimbert, Antoine, Yeung, Ming W., Dalila, Nawar, Thio, Chris H.L., Yu, Haojie, Loaiza, Natalia, Oldoni, Federico, van der Graaf, Adriaan, Wang, Siqi, Said, M. Abdullah, Blauw, Lisanne L., Girardeau, Aurore, Bray, Lise, Caillaud, Amandine, Bloks, Vincent W., Marrec, Marie, Moulin, Philippe, Rensen, Patrick C.N., van de Sluis, Bart, Snieder, Harold, Di Filippo, Mathilde, van der Harst, Pim, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Zimmerman, Philip, Cariou, Bertrand, and Kuivenhoven, Jan Albert
Published: 2022
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9. Reply to "Mendelian randomization highlights causal association between genetically increased C‐reactive protein levels and reduced Alzheimer's disease risk".

Author: Luo, Jiao, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Hegazy, Sharif H., Rasmussen, Ida Juul, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, and Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth
Published: 2022
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10. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Author: Bellenguez, Céline, Küçükali, Fahri, Jansen, Iris E., Kleineidam, Luca, Moreno-Grau, Sonia, Amin, Najaf, Naj, Adam C., Campos-Martin, Rafael, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Andrade, Victor, Holmans, Peter A., Boland, Anne, Damotte, Vincent, van der Lee, Sven J., Costa, Marcos R., Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Yang, Qiong, de Rojas, Itziar, Bis, Joshua C., Yaqub, Amber, Prokic, Ivana, Chapuis, Julien, Ahmad, Shahzad, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Aarsland, Dag, Garcia-Gonzalez, Pablo, Abdelnour, Carla, Alarcón-Martín, Emilio, Alcolea, Daniel, Alegret, Montserrat, Alvarez, Ignacio, Álvarez, Victoria, Armstrong, Nicola J., Tsolaki, Anthoula, Antúnez, Carmen, Appollonio, Ildebrando, Arcaro, Marina, Archetti, Silvana, Pastor, Alfonso Arias, Arosio, Beatrice, Athanasiu, Lavinia, Bailly, Henri, Banaj, Nerisa, Baquero, Miquel, Barral, Sandra, Beiser, Alexa, Pastor, Ana Belén, Below, Jennifer E., Benchek, Penelope, Benussi, Luisa, Berr, Claudine, Besse, Céline, Bessi, Valentina, Binetti, Giuliano, Bizarro, Alessandra, Blesa, Rafael, Boada, Mercè, Boerwinkle, Eric, Borroni, Barbara, Boschi, Silvia, Bossù, Paola, Bråthen, Geir, Bressler, Jan, Bresner, Catherine, Brodaty, Henry, Brookes, Keeley J., Brusco, Luis Ignacio, Buiza-Rueda, Dolores, Bûrger, Katharina, Burholt, Vanessa, Bush, William S., Calero, Miguel, Cantwell, Laura B., Chene, Geneviève, Chung, Jaeyoon, Cuccaro, Michael L., Carracedo, Ángel, Cecchetti, Roberta, Cervera-Carles, Laura, Charbonnier, Camille, Chen, Hung-Hsin, Chillotti, Caterina, Ciccone, Simona, Claassen, Jurgen A. H. R., Clark, Christopher, Conti, Elisa, Corma-Gómez, Anaïs, Costantini, Emanuele, Custodero, Carlo, Daian, Delphine, Dalmasso, Maria Carolina, Daniele, Antonio, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Dartigues, Jean-François, de Deyn, Peter Paul, de Paiva Lopes, Katia, de Witte, Lot D., Debette, Stéphanie, Deckert, Jürgen, del Ser, Teodoro, Denning, Nicola, DeStefano, Anita, Dichgans, Martin, Diehl-Schmid, Janine, Diez-Fairen, Mónica, Rossi, Paolo Dionigi, Djurovic, Srdjan, Duron, Emmanuelle, Düzel, Emrah, Dufouil, Carole, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, Escott-Price, Valentina, Espinosa, Ana, Ewers, Michael, Faber, Kelley M., Fabrizio, Tagliavini, Nielsen, Sune Fallgaard, Fardo, David W., Farotti, Lucia, Fenoglio, Chiara, Fernández-Fuertes, Marta, Ferrari, Raffaele, Ferreira, Catarina B., Ferri, Evelyn, Fin, Bertrand, Fischer, Peter, Fladby, Tormod, Fließbach, Klaus, Fongang, Bernard, Fornage, Myriam, Fortea, Juan, Foroud, Tatiana M., Fostinelli, Silvia, Fox, Nick C., Franco-Macías, Emlio, Bullido, María J., Frank-García, Ana, Froelich, Lutz, Fulton-Howard, Brian, Galimberti, Daniela, García-Alberca, Jose Maria, García-González, Pablo, Garcia-Madrona, Sebastian, Garcia-Ribas, Guillermo, Ghidoni, Roberta, Giegling, Ina, Giorgio, Giaccone, Goate, Alison M., Goldhardt, Oliver, Gomez-Fonseca, Duber, González-Pérez, Antonio, Graff, Caroline, Grande, Giulia, Green, Emma, Grimmer, Timo, Grünblatt, Edna, Grunin, Michelle, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guetta-Baranes, Tamar, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios, Haines, Jonathan L., Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L., Hampel, Harald, Hanon, Olivier, Hardy, John, Hartmann, Annette M., Hausner, Lucrezia, Harwood, Janet, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Helisalmi, Seppo, Heneka, Michael T., Hernández, Isabel, Herrmann, Martin J., Hoffmann, Per, Holmes, Clive, Holstege, Henne, Vilas, Raquel Huerto, Hulsman, Marc, Humphrey, Jack, Biessels, Geert Jan, Jian, Xueqiu, Johansson, Charlotte, Jun, Gyungah R., Kastumata, Yuriko, Kauwe, John, Kehoe, Patrick G., Kilander, Lena, Ståhlbom, Anne Kinhult, Kivipelto, Miia, Koivisto, Anne, Kornhuber, Johannes, Kosmidis, Mary H., Kukull, Walter A., Kuksa, Pavel P., Kunkle, Brian W., Kuzma, Amanda B., Lage, Carmen, Laukka, Erika J., Launer, Lenore, Lauria, Alessandra, Lee, Chien-Yueh, Lehtisalo, Jenni, Lerch, Ondrej, Lleó, Alberto, Longstreth, William, Lopez, Oscar, de Munain, Adolfo Lopez, Love, Seth, Löwemark, Malin, Luckcuck, Lauren, Lunetta, Kathryn L., Ma, Yiyi, Macías, Juan, MacLeod, Catherine A., Maier, Wolfgang, Mangialasche, Francesca, Spallazzi, Marco, Marquié, Marta, Marshall, Rachel, Martin, Eden R., Montes, Angel Martín, Rodríguez, Carmen Martínez, Masullo, Carlo, Mayeux, Richard, Mead, Simon, Mecocci, Patrizia, Medina, Miguel, Meggy, Alun, Mehrabian, Shima, Mendoza, Silvia, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Mir, Pablo, Moebus, Susanne, Mol, Merel, Molina-Porcel, Laura, Montrreal, Laura, Morelli, Laura, Moreno, Fermin, Morgan, Kevin, Mosley, Thomas, Nöthen, Markus M., Muchnik, Carolina, Mukherjee, Shubhabrata, Nacmias, Benedetta, Ngandu, Tiia, Nicolas, Gael, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Olaso, Robert, Orellana, Adelina, Orsini, Michela, Ortega, Gemma, Padovani, Alessandro, Paolo, Caffarra, Papenberg, Goran, Parnetti, Lucilla, Pasquier, Florence, Pastor, Pau, Peloso, Gina, Pérez-Cordón, Alba, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Pericard, Pierre, Peters, Oliver, Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L., Pineda, Juan A., Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, Pisanu, Claudia, Polak, Thomas, Popp, Julius, Posthuma, Danielle, Priller, Josef, Puerta, Raquel, Quenez, Olivier, Quintela, Inés, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Rábano, Alberto, Rainero, Innocenzo, Rajabli, Farid, Ramakers, Inez, Real, Luis M., Reinders, Marcel J. T., Reitz, Christiane, Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly, Ridge, Perry, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Riederer, Peter, Roberto, Natalia, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy, Rongve, Arvid, Allende, Irene Rosas, Rosende-Roca, Maitée, Royo, Jose Luis, Rubino, Elisa, Rujescu, Dan, Sáez, María Eugenia, Sakka, Paraskevi, Saltvedt, Ingvild, Sanabria, Ángela, Sánchez-Arjona, María Bernal, Sanchez-Garcia, Florentino, Juan, Pascual Sánchez, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Sando, Sigrid B., Sarnowski, Chloé, Satizabal, Claudia L., Scamosci, Michela, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Scarpini, Elio, Scheltens, Philip, Scherbaum, Norbert, Scherer, Martin, Schmid, Matthias, Schneider, Anja, Schott, Jonathan M., Selbæk, Geir, Seripa, Davide, Serrano, Manuel, Sha, Jin, Shadrin, Alexey A., Skrobot, Olivia, Slifer, Susan, Snijders, Gijsje J. L., Soininen, Hilkka, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Solomon, Alina, Song, Yeunjoo, Sorbi, Sandro, Sotolongo-Grau, Oscar, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Spottke, Annika, Squassina, Alessio, Stordal, Eystein, Tartan, Juan Pablo, Tárraga, Lluís, Tesí, Niccolo, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Thomas, Tegos, Tosto, Giuseppe, Traykov, Latchezar, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Uitterlinden, Andre, Ullgren, Abbe, Ulstein, Ingun, Valero, Sergi, Valladares, Otto, Broeckhoven, Christine Van, Vance, Jeffery, Vardarajan, Badri N., van der Lugt, Aad, Dongen, Jasper Van, van Rooij, Jeroen, van Swieten, John, Vandenberghe, Rik, Verhey, Frans, Vidal, Jean-Sébastien, Vogelgsang, Jonathan, Vyhnalek, Martin, Wagner, Michael, Wallon, David, Wang, Li-San, Wang, Ruiqi, Weinhold, Leonie, Wiltfang, Jens, Windle, Gill, Woods, Bob, Yannakoulia, Mary, Zare, Habil, Zhao, Yi, Zhang, Xiaoling, Zhu, Congcong, Zulaica, Miren, Farrer, Lindsay A., Psaty, Bruce M., Ghanbari, Mohsen, Raj, Towfique, Sachdev, Perminder, Mather, Karen, Jessen, Frank, Ikram, M. Arfan, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Hort, Jakub, Tsolaki, Magda, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Amouyel, Philippe, Williams, Julie, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Clarimon, Jordi, Deleuze, Jean-François, Rossi, Giacomina, Seshadri, Sudha, Andreassen, Ole A., Ingelsson, Martin, Hiltunen, Mikko, Sleegers, Kristel, Schellenberg, Gerard D., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Sims, Rebecca, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Ruiz, Agustín, Ramirez, Alfredo, and Lambert, Jean-Charles
Abstract: Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOEε4 allele.
Published: 2022
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11. Lipoprotein(a) Levels at Birth and in Early Childhood: The COMPARE Study

Author: Strandkjær, Nina, Hansen, Malene Kongsgaard, Nielsen, Sofie Taageby, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tabor, Ann, Bundgaard, Henning, Iversen, Kasper, and Kamstrup, Pia R
Published: 2022
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12. Long-term Benefits and Harms Associated With Genetic Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Deficiency in the General Population

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Christoffersen, Mette, Lauridsen, Bo Kobberø, Afzal, Shoaib, Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: The balance between the potential long-term clinical benefits and harms associated with genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency, mimicking pharmacologic CETP inhibition, is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative benefits and harms associated with genetic CETP deficiency. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study examined 2 similar prospective cohorts of the Danish general population, with data on a total of 102 607 participants collected from October 10, 1991, through December 7, 2018. EXPOSURES: Weighted CETP allele scores. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incident cardiovascular mortality, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease, all-cause mortality, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The study first tested whether a CETP allele score was associated with morbidity and mortality, when scaled to genetically lower levels of non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (ie, 17 mg/dL), corresponding to the reduction observed for anacetrapib vs placebo in the Randomized Evaluation of the Effects of Anacetrapib Through Lipid-Modification (REVEAL) trial. Second, the study assessed how much of the change in morbidity and mortality was associated with genetically lower levels of non-HDL cholesterol. Finally, the balance between the potential long-term clinical benefits and harms associated with genetic CETP deficiency was quantified. For AMD, the analyses also included higher levels of HDL cholesterol associated with genetic CETP deficiency. RESULTS: Of 102 607 individuals in the study, 56 559 (55%) were women (median age, 58 years [IQR, 47-67 years]). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios showed that a genetically lower level of non-HDL cholesterol (ie, 17 mg/dL) was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.62-0.95]), ischemic heart disease (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.95]), myocardial infarction (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.55-0.93]), peripheral arterial disease (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.63-1.02]), and vascular dementia (HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.80]) and an increased risk of AMD (HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.63-3.30]) but was not associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.81-1.02]), ischemic stroke (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.81-1.36]), or Alzheimer disease (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.89-1.76]). When scaled to a higher level of HDL cholesterol, the increased risk of AMD was even larger. A considerable fraction of the lower risk of cardiovascular end points was associated with genetically lower levels of non-HDL cholesterol, while the higher risk of AMD was associated with genetically higher levels of HDL cholesterol. Per 1 million person-years, the projected 1916 more AMD events associated with genetically higher levels of HDL cholesterol was similar to the 1962 fewer events of cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction combined associated with genetically lower levels of non-HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study suggests that genetic CETP deficiency, mimicking pharmacologic CETP inhibition, was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but with a markedly higher risk of AMD.
Published: 2022
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13. Elevated Apolipoprotein A1 and HDL Cholesterol Associated with Age-related Macular Degeneration: 2 Population Cohorts

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, and Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne
Published: 2021
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14. APOE and dementia – resequencing and genotyping in 105,597 individuals.

Author: Rasmussen, Katrine L., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Introduction: The mechanism behind the strong association between the ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease is not well‐characterized. Because low plasma levels of apoE associate with risk of dementia, genetic variants altering apoE levels in general may also associate with dementia. Methods: The APOE gene was sequenced in 10,369 individuals, and nine amino acid–changing variants with frequencies ≥2/10,000 were further genotyped in 95,228 individuals. Plasma apoE levels were measured directly. Results: Risk of all dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) increased with decreasing genetically determined apoE levels (P = 5 × 10−4 and P = 1 × 10−4 after APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 adjustment). Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all dementia and AD were 2.76 (1.39 to 5.47) and 4.92 (2.36 to 10.29) for the group with the genetically lowest apoE versus ɛ33. Discussion: We found that genetically low apoE levels increase and genetically high levels decrease risk, beyond ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4. This underscores that dementia risk more likely relates to variants affecting levels of apoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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15. Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia in a kindred of Syrian ancestry.

Author: Martinsen, Morten Hostrup, Klausen, Ib Christian, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, and Hedegaard, Berit Storgaard
Subjects: ANTILIPEMIC agents, COMBINATION drug therapy, CONFERENCES & conventions, HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA, LOW density lipoproteins, GENETIC mutation, GENETIC testing, STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), PRAVASTATIN, TREATMENT effectiveness, EZETIMIBE, ATORVASTATIN, CHOLESTYRAMINE, JUVENILE xanthogranuloma
Abstract: Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia is a rare genetic disorder due to homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 gene (LDLRAP1), resulting in elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, large xanthomas, and increased cardiovascular risk. Here, we describe a Danish family of Syrian ancestry carrying a frameshift mutation in LDLRAP1, previously only described in Sardinia and Sicily in Italy and in Spain. In 2 children homozygous for this mutation, we evaluate the effect of long-term lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin as monotherapy or in combination with ezetimibe. At referral to the lipid clinic at Viborg Regional Hospital, 3 of 4 children had LDL-C levels of 468, 538, and 371 mg/dL, respectively, with 1 child already showing cutaneous xanthomas at 10 years of age. For comparison, the fourth child and the parents had LDL-C levels of 85, 116, and 124 mg/dL. Genetic testing revealed that all 3 children with severely elevated LDL-C were homozygous for a rare frameshift mutation in LDLRAP1, p.His144GlnfsTer27 (c.431dupA), whereas the fourth child and both parents were heterozygous for this mutation. Lipid-lowering treatment was started in the 2 oldest children (at 10 and 7 years of age). Atorvastatin (40 mg/d) combined with ezetimibe (10 mg/d) reduced LDL-C by 75% in the first child and resulted in near-complete regression of xanthomas. In the second child, atorvastatin (40 mg/d) as monotherapy reduced LDL-C by 61%. Both regimens were superior to treatment with pravastatin as monotherapy (20 mg/d) and to pravastatin in combination with cholestyramine (2 g twice daily). High-intensity statin therapy alone or in combination with ezetimibe resulted in marked reductions in LDL-C in 2 children homozygous for a rare frameshift mutation in LDLRAP 1 and lead to regression of large xanthomas. • First documented case of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia from a low-density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 gene mutation in Denmark. • Regression of large xanthoma after intensive lipid-lowering treatment. • Atorvastatin with ezetimibe yields great biochemical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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16. Genetic variants in SUSD2 are associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease.

Author: Bruikman, Caroline S., Dalila, Nawar, van Capelleveen, Julian C., Kroon, Jeffrey, Peter, Jorge, Havik, Stefan R., Willems, Martine, Huisman, Laurens C., de Boer, Onno J., Hovingh, G. Kees, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, and Dallinga-Thie, Geesje M.
Subjects: ALLELES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, CONFIDENCE intervals, CORONARY disease, GENEALOGY, GENETIC polymorphisms, GENETIC techniques, PHENOTYPES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio
Abstract: Genetic factors partly determine the risk for premature myocardial infarction (MI). We report the identification of a novel rare genetic variant in a kindred with an autosomal dominant trait for premature MI and atherosclerosis and explored the association of a common nonsynonymous variant in the same gene with the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in a population-based study. Next-generation sequencing was performed in a small pedigree with premature MI or subclinical atherosclerosis. A common variant, rs8141797 A>G (p.Asn466Ser), in sushi domain–containing protein 2 (SUSD2) was studied in the prospective Copenhagen General Population Studies (N = 105,408) for association with IHD. A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in SUSD2 (c.G583T; p.Glu195Ter) was associated with the disease phenotype in the pedigree. SUSD2 protein was expressed in aortic specimens in the subendothelial cell layer and around the vasa vasorum. Furthermore, the minor G-allele of rs8141797 was associated with per allele higher levels of SUSD2 mRNA expression in the heart and vasculature. In the Copenhagen General Population Study, hazard ratios for IHD were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97) in AG heterozygotes and 0.86 (0.62–1.19) in GG homozygotes vs noncarrriers (P -trend =.002). Finally, in meta-analysis including 73,983 IHD cases and 215,730 controls, the odds ratio for IHD per G-allele vs A-allele was 0.93 (0.90–0.96) (P = 4.6 × 10−7). The identification of a truncating mutation in SUSD2 , which was associated with premature MI and subclinical atherosclerosis, combined with the finding that a common missense variant in SUSD2 was strongly associated with a lower risk of IHD, suggest that SUSD2 may alter the risk of atherosclerosis. • A nonsense mutation in sushi domain–containing protein 2 (SUSD2) was associated with the coronary artery disease phenotype in the family. • In meta-analysis, a common variant in SUSD2 was strongly associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease. • This suggests that SUSD2 may alter the risk of coronary artery disease. • Further experimental work in animal models is needed to support these observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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17. Association of Low Plasma Transthyretin Concentration With Risk of Heart Failure in the General Population

Author: Greve, Anders M., Christoffersen, Mette, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Several lines of evidence support low plasma transthyretin concentration as an in vivo biomarker of transthyretin tetramer instability, a prerequisite for the development of both wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRwt) and hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTRm). Both ATTRm and ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis may manifest as heart failure (HF). However, whether low plasma transthyretin concentration confers increased risk of incident HF in the general population is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether low plasma transthyretin concentration is associated with incident HF in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included data from 2 similar prospective cohort studies of the Danish general population, the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS; n = 9582) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS; n = 7385). Using these data, first, whether low concentration of plasma transthyretin was associated with increased risk of incident HF was tested. Second, whether genetic variants in TTR associated with increasing tetramer instability were associated with lower transthyretin concentration and with higher risk of HF was tested. Data were collected from November 2003 to March 2017 in the CGPS and from November 1991 to June 1994 in the CCHS; participants from both studies were observed for survival time end points until March 2017. Data were analyzed from March to June 2019. EXPOSURES: Transthyretin concentration at or below the 5th percentile, between the 5th and 95th percentile (reference), and greater than the 95th percentile; genetic variants in TTR. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Incident HF identified using the Danish National Patient Registry. RESULTS: Of 9582 individuals in the CGPS, 5077 (53.0%) were women, and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 56 (47-65) years. Of 7385 individuals in the CCHS, 4452 (60.3%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 59 (46-70) years. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 12.6 (12.3-12.9) years and 21.7 (11.6-23.8) years, 441 individuals (4.6%) in the CGPS and 1122 individuals (15.2%) in the CCHS, respectively, developed HF. Baseline plasma transthyretin concentrations at or below the 5th percentile were associated with incident HF (CGPS: hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4; CCHS: HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7). Risk of HF was highest in men with low transthyretin levels. Compared with p.T139M, a transthyretin-stabilizing variant, TTR genotype was associated with stepwise lower transthyretin concentrations for wild-type TTR (−16.5%), p.G26S (−18.1%), and heterozygotes for other variants (p.V142I, p.H110N, and p.D119N; −30.8%) (P for trend <.001). The corresponding HRs for incident HF were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.57-2.28), 1.29 (95% CI, 0.64-2.61), and 2.04 (95% CI, 0.54-7.67), respectively (P for trend = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, lower plasma and genetically determined transthyretin concentrations were associated with a higher risk of incident HF, suggesting a potential mechanistic association between low transthyretin concentration as a marker of tetramer instability and incident HF in the general population.
Published: 2021
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18. Apolipoprotein M and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Hajny, Stefan, Christoffersen, Mette, Dalila, Nawar, Nielsen, Lars B, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, and Christoffersen, Christina
Published: 2020
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19. Genetic Variation at PPP1R3BIncreases Hepatic CT Attenuation and Interacts With Prandial Status on Plasma Glucose

Author: Seidelin, Anne-Sofie, Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, and Stender, Stefan
Published: 2020
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20. Observational and genetic studies of C‐reactive protein levels and risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth, Hegazy, Sharif H., Rasmussen, Ida Juul, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, and Thomassen, Jesper Qvist
Published: 2022
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21. Targeting IL-6 in patients at high cardiovascular risk

Author: Christoffersen, Mette and Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne
Published: 2021
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22. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors and Access to the Retina in Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Reply

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne, and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Published: 2023
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23. Plasma apolipoprotein E levels and risk of dementia: A Mendelian randomization study of 106,562 individuals.

Author: Rasmussen, Katrine L., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke‐Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Introduction: In recent prospective studies, low plasma levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) are associated with high risk of dementia. Whether this reflects a causal association remains to be established. Methods: Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we studied 106,562 and 75,260 individuals from the general population in observational and genetic analyses, respectively. Results: In observational analyses risk of Alzheimer's disease and all dementia increased stepwise as a function of stepwise lower apoE levels (P for trend, 2 × 10−17 and 9 × 10−21). APOE‐weighted allele scores were associated with stepwise decreases in apoE (P for trend, <1 × 10−300). In instrumental variable analysis, the causal risk ratios for a 1 mg/dL genetically determined lower apoE were 1.41 (1.27–1.57) for Alzheimer's disease and 1.33 (1.25–1.43) for all dementia (F‐statistics = 3821). Discussion: Genetic and hence lifelong low apoE is associated with high risk of dementia in the general population. The concordance between observational and genetic estimates suggests a potential causal relationship. Highlights: Observationally low plasma apolipoprotein E is associated with risk of dementia.We studied 106,562 and 75,260 individuals using a Mendelian randomization approach.Genetically low plasma apolipoprotein E is associated with high risk of dementia.Taken together the observational and genetic estimates suggest a causal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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24. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Narrative Review

Author: Kolovou, Genovefa D., Watts, Gerald F., Mikhailidis, Dimitri P., Pérez-Martínez, Pablo, Mora, Samia, Bilianou, Helen, Panotopoulos, George, Katsiki, Niki, Ooi, Teik C., Lopez-Miranda, José, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Tentolouris, Nicholas, and Nordestgaard, Børge G.
Abstract: Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, defined as an increase in plasma triglyceride-containing lipoproteins following a fat meal, is a potential risk predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Several non-modifiable factors (genetics, age, sex and menopausal status) and lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, smoking status, obesity, alcohol and medication use) may influence postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. This narrative review considers the studies published over the last decade that evaluated postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia. Additionally, the genetic determinants of postprandial plasma triglyceride levels, the types of meals for studying postprandial triglyceride response, and underlying conditions (e.g. familial dyslipidaemias, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease) that are associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia are reviewed; therapeutic aspects are also considered.
Published: 2019
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25. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-Fasting Lipid Profile Testing: A 2019 Expert Panel Statement, Main Text

Author: Kolovou, Genovefa D., Watts, Gerald F., Mikhailidis, Dimitri P., Pérez-Martínez, Pablo, Mora, Samia, Bilianou, Helen, Panotopoulos, George, Katsiki, Niki, Ooi, Teik C., Lopez-Miranda, José, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Tentolouris, Nicholas, and Nordestgaard, Børge G.
Abstract: Residual vascular risk exists despite the aggressive lowering of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C). A contributor to this residual risk may be elevated fasting, or non-fasting, levels of Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Therefore, there is a need to establish whethe a standardised Oral Fat Tolerance Test (OFTT) can improve atherosclerotic Cardiovascular (CV) Disease (ASCVD) risk prediction in addition to a fasting or non-fasting lipid profile. An expert panel considered the role of postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia (as represented by an OFTT) in predicting ASCVD. The panel updated its 2011 statement by considering new studies and various patient categories. The recommendations are based on expert opinion since no strict endpoint trials have been performed. Individuals with fasting TG concentration <1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) commonly do not have an abnormal response to an OFTT. In contrast, those with fasting TG concentration ≥2 mmol/L (175 mg/dL) or nonfasting ≥2.3 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) will usually have an abnormal response. We recommend considering postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia testing when fasting TG concentrations and non-fasting TG concentrations are 1-2 mmol/L (89-175 mg/dL) and 1.3-2.3 mmol/L (115-200 mg/dL), respectively as an additional investigation for metabolic risk prediction along with other risk factors (obesity, current tobacco abuse, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus). The panel proposes that an abnormal TG response to an OFTT (consisting of 75 g fat, 25 g carbohydrate and 10 g proteins) is >2.5 mmol/L (220 mg/dL). Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia is an emerging factor that may contribute to residual CV risk. This possibility requires further research. A standardised OFTT will allow comparisons between investigational studies. We acknowledge that the OFTT will be mainly used for research to further clarify the role of TG in relation to CV risk. For routine practice, there is a considerable support for the use of a single non-fasting sample.
Published: 2019
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26. Causal Associations in Type 2 Diabetes Development.

Author: Marott, Sarah C W, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, and Benn, Marianne
Abstract: Obesity, glucose, insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment, version 2, for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR)], and insulin secretion (HOMA2-β) have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) observationally. However, the causal, genetic contribution of each parameter to this risk is largely unknown and important to study because observational data are prone to confounding but genetic, causal data are free of confounding and reverse causation.
Published: 2019
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27. SCARB1 Gene Variants Are Associated With the Phenotype of Combined High High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High Lipoprotein (a).

Author: Xiaoping Yang, Sethi, Amar, Yanek, Lisa R., Knapper, Cathy, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Becker, Diane M., Mathias, Rasika A., Remaley, Alan T., and Becker, Lewis C.
Subjects: HIGH density lipoproteins, PHENOTYPES, GENE expression
Abstract: Background--SR-B1 (scavenger receptor class B type 1), encoded by the gene SCARB1, is a lipoprotein receptor that binds both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein. We reported that SR-B1 is also a receptor for lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), mediating cellular uptake of Lp(a) in vitro and promoting clearance of Lp(a) in vivo. Although genetic variants in SCARB1 are associated with variations in HDL level, no SCARB1 variants affecting Lp(a) have been reported. Methods and Results--In an index subject with high levels of HDL cholesterol and Lp(a), SCARB1 was sequenced and demonstrated a missense mutation resulting in an S129L substitution in exon 3. To follow up, 2 cohorts (GeneSTAR, the family-based Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk [n=543], and CCHS, the population-based Copenhagen City Heart Study [n=5835]) were screened for combined HDL cholesterol and Lp(a) elevations. Subjects with the extreme phenotype (HDL >80 mg/dL and Lp(a) >100 nmol/L in GeneSTAR, n=8, and >100 mg/dL in CCHS, n=9) underwent sequencing of SCARB1 exons; 15 of 18 from the combined population demonstrated genetic variants, including rare or uncommon missense or splice site mutations in 9 and homozygous synonymous variants in 6. Functional studies with 4 of the SCARB1 variants (c.386C>T, c.631-14T>G, c.4G>A, and c.631-53mC>T & c.726+55mCG>CA) showed decreased receptor function in vitro. Conclusions--Human SCARB1 gene variants are associated with a new lipid phenotype, characterized by high levels of both HDL cholesterol and Lp(a). SCARB1 exonic variants often result in diminished function of translated SR-B1 via reduced binding/intracellular transport of Lp(a). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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28. Association of LPA Variants With Risk of Coronary Disease and the Implications for Lipoprotein(a)-Lowering Therapies: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Author: Burgess, Stephen, Ference, Brian A., Staley, James R., Freitag, Daniel F., Mason, Amy M., Nielsen, Sune F., Willeit, Peter, Young, Robin, Surendran, Praveen, Karthikeyan, Savita, Bolton, Thomas R., Peters, James E., Kamstrup, Pia R., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Benn, Marianne, Langsted, Anne, Schnohr, Peter, Vedel-Krogh, Signe, Kobylecki, Camilla J., Ford, Ian, Packard, Chris, Trompet, Stella, Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Saleheen, Danish, Howson, Joanna M. M., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Butterworth, Adam S., and Danesh, John
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Human genetic studies have indicated that plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is causally associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but randomized trials of several therapies that reduce Lp(a) levels by 25% to 35% have not provided any evidence that lowering Lp(a) level reduces CHD risk. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude of the change in plasma Lp(a) levels needed to have the same evidence of an association with CHD risk as a 38.67-mg/dL (ie, 1-mmol/L) change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, a change that has been shown to produce a clinically meaningful reduction in the risk of CHD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using individual participant data from 5 studies and with external validation using summarized data from 48 studies. Population-based prospective cohort and case-control studies featured 20 793 individuals with CHD and 27 540 controls with individual participant data, whereas summarized data included 62 240 patients with CHD and 127 299 controls. Data were analyzed from November 2016 to March 2018. EXPOSURES: Genetic LPA score and plasma Lp(a) mass concentration. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Coronary heart disease. RESULTS: Of the included study participants, 53% were men, all were of white European ancestry, and the mean age was 57.5 years. The association of genetically predicted Lp(a) with CHD risk was linearly proportional to the absolute change in Lp(a) concentration. A 10-mg/dL lower genetically predicted Lp(a) concentration was associated with a 5.8% lower CHD risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.942; 95% CI, 0.933-0.951; P = 3 × 10−37), whereas a 10-mg/dL lower genetically predicted LDL-C level estimated using an LDL-C genetic score was associated with a 14.5% lower CHD risk (OR, 0.855; 95% CI, 0.818-0.893; P = 2 × 10−12). Thus, a 101.5-mg/dL change (95% CI, 71.0-137.0) in Lp(a) concentration had the same association with CHD risk as a 38.67-mg/dL change in LDL-C level. The association of genetically predicted Lp(a) concentration with CHD risk appeared to be independent of changes in LDL-C level owing to genetic variants that mimic the relationship of statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and ezetimibe with CHD risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The clinical benefit of lowering Lp(a) is likely to be proportional to the absolute reduction in Lp(a) concentration. Large absolute reductions in Lp(a) of approximately 100 mg/dL may be required to produce a clinically meaningful reduction in the risk of CHD similar in magnitude to what can be achieved by lowering LDL-C level by 38.67 mg/dL (ie, 1 mmol/L).
Published: 2018
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29. Naturally Occurring Variants in LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1) Affect HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Metabolism Through ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette A1) and SR-B1 (Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1) in Humans

Author: Oldoni, Federico, van Capelleveen, Julian C., Dalila, Nawar, Wolters, Justina C., Heeren, Joerg, Sinke, Richard J., Hui, David Y., Dallinga-Thie, Geesje M., Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Hovingh, Kees G., van de Sluis, Bart, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, and Kuivenhoven, Jan Albert
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2018
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30. Advances in lipid-lowering therapy through gene-silencing technologies

Author: Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nicholls, Stephen J., Langsted, Anne, Ray, Kausik K., and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Abstract: Elevated levels of LDL, remnant lipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a) all cause cardiovascular disease, whereas elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can cause acute pancreatitis in some individualsSmall molecule and antibody-based drugs such as statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors efficiently reduce LDL-cholesterol levels and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseaseIn addition, these drugs can modestly reduce remnant lipoproteins, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and/or lipoprotein(a) levelsThese lipoproteins can be reduced using novel gene-silencing approaches (antisense oligonucleotide inhibition and small interfering RNA technology) by targeting proteins that have an important role in lipoprotein production or removalUsing gene-silencing approaches, plasma levels of LDL, remnant lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can be reduced by 50–90% when treatment is administered 2–12 times yearlyEvidence of long-term safety and cardiovascular disease reduction is needed before the widespread use of gene-silencing therapies; however, these drugs might have a role in patients with rare diseases
Published: 2018
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31. Refining the accuracy of validated target identification through coding variant fine-mapping in type 2 diabetes

Author: Mahajan, Anubha, Wessel, Jennifer, Willems, Sara M., Zhao, Wei, Robertson, Neil R., Chu, Audrey Y., Gan, Wei, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Taliun, Daniel, Rayner, N. William, Guo, Xiuqing, Lu, Yingchang, Li, Man, Jensen, Richard A., Hu, Yao, Huo, Shaofeng, Lohman, Kurt K., Zhang, Weihua, Cook, James P., Prins, Bram Peter, Flannick, Jason, Grarup, Niels, Trubetskoy, Vassily Vladimirovich, Kravic, Jasmina, Kim, Young Jin, Rybin, Denis V., Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Meidtner, Karina, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Varga, Tibor V., Marten, Jonathan, Li, Jin, Smith, Albert Vernon, An, Ping, Ligthart, Symen, Gustafsson, Stefan, Malerba, Giovanni, Demirkan, Ayse, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Wuttke, Matthias, Lecoeur, Cécile, Preuss, Michael, Bielak, Lawrence F., Graff, Marielisa, Highland, Heather M., Justice, Anne E., Liu, Dajiang J., Marouli, Eirini, Peloso, Gina Marie, Warren, Helen R., Afaq, Saima, Afzal, Shoaib, Ahlqvist, Emma, Almgren, Peter, Amin, Najaf, Bang, Lia B., Bertoni, Alain G., Bombieri, Cristina, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Brody, Jennifer A., Burtt, Noël P., Canouil, Mickaël, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Cho, Yoon Shin, Christensen, Cramer, Eastwood, Sophie V., Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Fischer, Krista, Gambaro, Giovanni, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Grove, Megan L., de Haan, Hugoline G., Hackinger, Sophie, Hai, Yang, Han, Sohee, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Hivert, Marie-France, Isomaa, Bo, Jäger, Susanne, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Käräjämäki, Annemari, Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Sung Soo, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kovacs, Peter, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kronenberg, Florian, Läll, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Jung-Jin, Lehne, Benjamin, Li, Huaixing, Lin, Keng-Hung, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jun, Loh, Marie, Mägi, Reedik, Mamakou, Vasiliki, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Nadkarni, Girish, Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Ntalla, Ioanna, Peyser, Patricia A., Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rice, Kenneth, Rich, Stephen S., Rode, Line, Rolandsson, Olov, Schönherr, Sebastian, Selvin, Elizabeth, Small, Kerrin S., Stančáková, Alena, Surendran, Praveen, Taylor, Kent D., Teslovich, Tanya M., Thorand, Barbara, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Tin, Adrienne, Tönjes, Anke, Varbo, Anette, Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Yajnik, Pranav, Yao, Jie, Yengo, Loïc, Young, Robin, Amouyel, Philippe, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bottinger, Erwin P., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Collins, Francis S., Dedoussis, George, Dehghan, Abbas, Deloukas, Panos, Ferrario, Marco M., Ferrières, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Frossard, Philippe, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Harris, Tamara B., Heckbert, Susan R., Howson, Joanna M. M., Ingelsson, Martin, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kuusisto, Johanna, Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Männistö, Satu, Meitinger, Thomas, Melander, Olle, Mohlke, Karen L., Moitry, Marie, Morris, Andrew D., Murray, Alison D., de Mutsert, Renée, Orho-Melander, Marju, Owen, Katharine R., Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Province, Michael A., Rasheed, Asif, Ridker, Paul M., Rivadineira, Fernando, Rosendaal, Frits R., Rosengren, Anders H., Salomaa, Veikko, Sheu, Wayne H.-H., Sladek, Rob, Smith, Blair H., Strauch, Konstantin, Uitterlinden, André G., Varma, Rohit, Willer, Cristen J., Blüher, Matthias, Butterworth, Adam S., Chambers, John Campbell, Chasman, Daniel I., Danesh, John, van Duijn, Cornelia, Dupuis, Josée, Franco, Oscar H., Franks, Paul W., Froguel, Philippe, Grallert, Harald, Groop, Leif, Han, Bok-Ghee, Hansen, Torben, Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Ingelsson, Erik, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kooner, Jaspal Singh, Köttgen, Anna, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laakso, Markku, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Liu, Yongmei, Loos, Ruth J. F., Marchini, Jonathan, Metspalu, Andres, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Palmer, Colin N. A., Pankow, James S., Pedersen, Oluf, Psaty, Bruce M., Rauramaa, Rainer, Sattar, Naveed, Schulze, Matthias B., Soranzo, Nicole, Spector, Timothy D., Stefansson, Kari, Stumvoll, Michael, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Wareham, Nicholas J., Wilson, James G., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Scott, Robert A., Barroso, Inês, Frayling, Timothy M., Goodarzi, Mark O., Meigs, James B., Boehnke, Michael, Saleheen, Danish, Morris, Andrew P., Rotter, Jerome I., and McCarthy, Mark I.
Abstract: We aggregated coding variant data for 81,412 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,832 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying 40 coding variant association signals (P< 2.2 × 10−7); of these, 16 map outside known risk-associated loci. We make two important observations. First, only five of these signals are driven by low-frequency variants: even for these, effect sizes are modest (odds ratio ≤1.29). Second, when we used large-scale genome-wide association data to fine-map the associated variants in their regional context, accounting for the global enrichment of complex trait associations in coding sequence, compelling evidence for coding variant causality was obtained for only 16 signals. At 13 others, the associated coding variants clearly represent ‘false leads’ with potential to generate erroneous mechanistic inference. Coding variant associations offer a direct route to biological insight for complex diseases and identification of validated therapeutic targets; however, appropriate mechanistic inference requires careful specification of their causal contribution to disease predisposition.
Published: 2018
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32. APOC3Loss-of-Function Mutations, Remnant Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Cardiovascular Risk

Author: Wulff, Anders B., Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2018
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33. Absolute 10-year risk of dementia by age, sex and APOEgenotype: a population-based cohort study

Author: Rasmussen, Katrine L., Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Dementia is a major cause of disability, and risk-factor reduction may have the potential to delay or prevent the disease. Our aim was to determine the absolute 10-year risk of dementia, by age, sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.METHODS:We obtained data from the Copenhagen General Population Study (from 2003 to 2014) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (from 1991 to 1994 and 2001 to 2003). Participants underwent a questionnaire, physical examination and blood sampling at baseline. Diagnoses of dementia and cerebrovascular disease were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry up to Nov. 10, 2014.RESULTS:Among 104 537 individuals, the absolute 10-year risk of Alzheimer disease in 3017 women and men who were carriers of the APOEε44 genotype was, respectively, 7% and 6% at age 60–69 years, 16% and 12% at age 70–79 years, and 24% and 19% at age 80 years and older. Corresponding values for all dementia were 10% and 8%, 22% and 19%, and 38% and 33%, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all dementia increased by genotype, from genotype ε22 to ε32 to ε33 to ε42 to ε43 to ε44 (pfor trend < 0.001). Compared with ε33 carriers, ε44 carriers were more likely to develop Alzheimer disease (adjusted HR 8.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.08–10.79), vascular dementia (adjusted HR 2.87, 95% CI 1.54–5.33), unspecified dementia (adjusted HR 4.68, 95% CI 3.74–5.85) and all dementia (adjusted HR 5.77, 95% CI 4.89–6.81).INTERPRETATION:Age, sex and APOEgenotype robustly identify high-risk groups for Alzheimer disease and all dementia. These groups can potentially be targeted for preventive interventions.
Published: 2018
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34. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Author: Turcot, Valérie, Lu, Yingchang, Highland, Heather M., Schurmann, Claudia, Justice, Anne E., Fine, Rebecca S., Bradfield, Jonathan P., Esko, Tõnu, Giri, Ayush, Graff, Mariaelisa, Guo, Xiuqing, Hendricks, Audrey E., Karaderi, Tugce, Lempradl, Adelheid, Locke, Adam E., Mahajan, Anubha, Marouli, Eirini, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Young, Kristin L., Alfred, Tamuno, Feitosa, Mary F., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Manning, Alisa K., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Mudgal, Poorva, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Reiner, Alex P., Vedantam, Sailaja, Willems, Sara M., Winkler, Thomas W., Abecasis, Gonçalo, Aben, Katja K., Alam, Dewan S., Alharthi, Sameer E., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Bang, Lia E., Barroso, Inês, Bastarache, Lisa, Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Brumat, Marco, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Campbell, Peter T., Cappellani, Stefania, Carey, David J., Catamo, Eulalia, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der I., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Corominas Galbany, Jordi, Cox, Amanda J., Crosslin, David S., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, D’Eustacchio, Angela, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, Bakker, Paul I. W., Groot, Mark C. H., Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., Heijer, Martin, Hollander, Anneke I., Ruijter, Hester M., Dennis, Joe G., Denny, Josh C., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Edwards, Todd L., Ellinghaus, David, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Faul, Jessica D., Fauser, Sascha, Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Friedrich, Nele, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Gibson, Jane, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gjesing, Anette P., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Helen L., Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeff, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hammerschlag, Anke R., Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Have, Christian T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Heath, Andrew C., Heid, Iris M., Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hu, Yao, Huang, Paul L., Huffman, Jennifer E., Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jia, Yucheng, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kathiresan, Sekar, Kee, Frank, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kim, Eric, Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Korhonen, Tellervo, Kovacs, Peter, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Kutalik, Zoltán, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lamparter, David, Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Keng-Hung, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Dajiang J., Liu, Yongmei, Lo, Ken S., Lophatananon, Artitaya, Lotery, Andrew J., Loukola, Anu, Luan, Jian’an, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Mazul, Angela L., McCarthy, Mark I., McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Medland, Sarah E., Meidtner, Karina, Milani, Lili, Mistry, Vanisha, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Moilanen, Leena, Moitry, Marie, Montgomery, Grant W., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Moore, Carmel, Mori, Trevor A., Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Narisu, Narisu, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Nyholt, Dale R., O’Connel, Jeffrey R., O’Donoghue, Michelle L., Olde Loohuis, Loes M., Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N. A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, Perry, James A., Perry, John R. B., Pers, Tune H., Person, Thomas N., Peters, Annette, Petersen, Eva R. B., Peyser, Patricia A., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Polderman, Tinca J., Puolijoki, Hannu, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Renström, Frida, Rheinberger, Myriam, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Rivas, Manuel A., Roberts, David J., Robertson, Neil R., Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schoen, Robert E., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati H., Sheu, Wayne H.-H., Sim, Xueling, Slater, Andrew J., Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Stefansson, Kari, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Surendran, Praveen, Swift, Amy J., Tada, Hayato, Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Uusitupa, Matti, Laan, Sander W., Duijn, Cornelia M., Leeuwen, Nienke, van Setten, Jessica, Vanhala, Mauno, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Velez Edwards, Digna R., Vermeulen, Sita H., Veronesi, Giovanni, Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Völker, Uwe, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wallentin, Lars, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Ware, Erin B., Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wessel, Jennifer, White, Harvey D., Willer, Cristen J., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Wood, Andrew R., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zondervan, Krina T, Rotter, Jerome I., Pospisilik, John A., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Borecki, Ingrid B., Deloukas, Panos, Frayling, Timothy M., Lettre, Guillaume, North, Kari E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., and Loos, Ruth J. F.
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4Rand KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4Rmutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.
Published: 2018
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35. Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals

Author: Liu, Dajiang J, Peloso, Gina M, Yu, Haojie, Butterworth, Adam S, Wang, Xiao, Mahajan, Anubha, Saleheen, Danish, Emdin, Connor, Alam, Dewan, Alves, Alexessander Couto, Amouyel, Philippe, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Arveiler, Dominique, Assimes, Themistocles L, Auer, Paul L, Baber, Usman, Ballantyne, Christie M, Bang, Lia E, Benn, Marianne, Bis, Joshua C, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bottinger, Erwin P, Brandslund, Ivan, Brown, Morris, Busonero, Fabio, Caulfield, Mark J, Chambers, John C, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Y Eugene, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y, Connell, John M, Cucca, Francesco, Cupples, L Adrienne, Damrauer, Scott M, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George, Denny, Joshua C, Dominiczak, Anna, Dubé, Marie-Pierre, Ebeling, Tapani, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Esko, Tõnu, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Feitosa, Mary F, Ferrario, Marco, Ferrieres, Jean, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franks, Paul W, Frayling, Timothy M, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Fritsche, Lars G, Frossard, Philippe, Fuster, Valentin, Ganesh, Santhi K, Gao, Wei, Garcia, Melissa E, Gieger, Christian, Giulianini, Franco, Goodarzi, Mark O, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Groop, Leif, Grove, Megan L, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hansen, Torben, Harris, Tamara B, Hayward, Caroline, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Huffman, Jennifer, Huo, Yong, Hveem, Kristian, Jabeen, Sehrish, Jackson, Anne U, Jakobsdottir, Johanna, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jensen, Gorm B, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jukema, J Wouter, Justesen, Johanne M, Kamstrup, Pia R, Kanoni, Stavroula, Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Khera, Amit V, Klarin, Derek, Koistinen, Heikki A, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kooperberg, Charles, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo, Langenberg, Claudia, Langsted, Anne, Launer, Lenore J, Lauritzen, Torsten, Liewald, David C M, Lin, Li An, Linneberg, Allan, Loos, Ruth J F, Lu, Yingchang, Lu, Xiangfeng, Mägi, Reedik, Malarstig, Anders, Manichaikul, Ani, Manning, Alisa K, Mäntyselkä, Pekka, Marouli, Eirini, Masca, Nicholas G D, Maschio, Andrea, Meigs, James B, Melander, Olle, Metspalu, Andres, Morris, Andrew P, Morrison, Alanna C, Mulas, Antonella, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B, Neville, Matt J, Nielsen, Jonas B, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Ordovas, Jose M, Mehran, Roxana, O'Donnell, Christoper J, Orho-Melander, Marju, Molony, Cliona M, Muntendam, Pieter, Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N A, Pasko, Dorota, Patel, Aniruddh P, Pedersen, Oluf, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Pisinger, Charlotta, Pistis, Giorgio, Polasek, Ozren, Poulter, Neil, Psaty, Bruce M, Rader, Daniel J, Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F, Reiner, Alex P, Renström, Frida, Rich, Stephen S, Ridker, Paul M, Rioux, John D, Robertson, Neil R, Roden, Dan M, Rotter, Jerome I, Rudan, Igor, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J, Sanna, Serena, Sattar, Naveed, Schmidt, Ellen M, Scott, Robert A, Sever, Peter, Sevilla, Raquel S, Shaffer, Christian M, Sim, Xueling, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Small, Kerrin S, Smith, Albert V, Smith, Blair H, Somayajula, Sangeetha, Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D, Speliotes, Elizabeth K, Starr, John M, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Stitziel, Nathan, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Surendran, Praveen, Tada, Hayato, Tall, Alan R, Tang, Hua, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D, Trompet, Stella, Tsao, Philip S, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, van Zuydam, Natalie R, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V, Virtamo, Jarmo, Waldenberger, Melanie, Wang, Nan, Wareham, Nick J, Warren, Helen R, Weeke, Peter E, Weinstock, Joshua, Wessel, Jennifer, Wilson, James G, Wilson, Peter W F, Xu, Ming, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhang, He, Zheng, Neil S, Zhang, Weihua, Zhang, Yan, Zhou, Wei, Zhou, Yanhua, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Howson, Joanna M M, Danesh, John, McCarthy, Mark I, Cowan, Chad A, Abecasis, Goncalo, Deloukas, Panos, Musunuru, Kiran, Willer, Cristen J, and Kathiresan, Sekar
Abstract: We screened variants on an exome-focused genotyping array in >300,000 participants (replication in >280,000 participants) and identified 444 independent variants in 250 loci significantly associated with total cholesterol (TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and/or triglycerides (TG). At two loci (JAK2 and A1CF), experimental analysis in mice showed lipid changes consistent with the human data. We also found that: (i) beta-thalassemia trait carriers displayed lower TC and were protected from coronary artery disease (CAD); (ii) excluding the CETP locus, there was not a predictable relationship between plasma HDL-C and risk for age-related macular degeneration; (iii) only some mechanisms of lowering LDL-C appeared to increase risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D); and (iv) TG-lowering alleles involved in hepatic production of TG-rich lipoproteins (TM6SF2 and PNPLA3) tracked with higher liver fat, higher risk for T2D, and lower risk for CAD, whereas TG-lowering alleles involved in peripheral lipolysis (LPL and ANGPTL4) had no effect on liver fat but decreased risks for both T2D and CAD.
Published: 2017
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36. Genetic Variation in GSTP1, Lung Function, Risk of Lung Cancer, and Mortality

Author: Nørskov, Marianne S., Dahl, Morten, and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Abstract: Glutathione S-transferase pi 1 metabolizes carcinogens from tobacco smoke in the lung. We tested whether genetically altered glutathione S-transferase pi 1 activity affects lung function and risk for tobacco-related cancer and mortality in the general population.
Published: 2017
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37. Identification of new susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes and shared etiological pathways with coronary heart disease

Author: Zhao, Wei, Rasheed, Asif, Tikkanen, Emmi, Lee, Jung-Jin, Butterworth, Adam S, Howson, Joanna M M, Assimes, Themistocles L, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Orho-Melander, Marju, Damrauer, Scott, Small, Aeron, Asma, Senay, Imamura, Minako, Yamauch, Toshimasa, Chambers, John C, Chen, Peng, Sapkota, Bishwa R, Shah, Nabi, Jabeen, Sehrish, Surendran, Praveen, Lu, Yingchang, Zhang, Weihua, Imran, Atif, Abbas, Shahid, Majeed, Faisal, Trindade, Kevin, Qamar, Nadeem, Mallick, Nadeem Hayyat, Yaqoob, Zia, Saghir, Tahir, Rizvi, Syed Nadeem Hasan, Memon, Anis, Rasheed, Syed Zahed, Memon, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Mehmood, Khalid, Ahmed, Naveeduddin, Qureshi, Irshad Hussain, Tanveer-us-Salam, Iqbal, Wasim, Malik, Uzma, Mehra, Narinder, Kuo, Jane Z, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Guo, Xiuqing, Hsiung, Chao A, Juang, Jyh-Ming J, Taylor, Kent D, Hung, Yi-Jen, Lee, Wen-Jane, Quertermous, Thomas, Lee, I-Te, Hsu, Chih-Cheng, Bottinger, Erwin P, Ralhan, Sarju, Teo, Yik Ying, Wang, Tzung-Dau, Alam, Dewan S, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Epstein, Steve, Nielsen, Sune F, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Young, Robin, Benn, Marianne, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Kamstrup, Pia R, Jukema, J Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Smit, Roelof, Chung, Ren-Hua, Liang, Kae-Woei, Anand, Sonia, Sanghera, Dharambir K, Ripatti, Samuli, Loos, Ruth J F, Kooner, Jaspal S, Tai, E Shyong, Rotter, Jerome I, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Frossard, Philippe, Maeda, Shiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Reilly, Muredach, Pare, Guillaume, Melander, Olle, Salomaa, Veikko, Rader, Daniel J, Danesh, John, Voight, Benjamin F, and Saleheen, Danish
Abstract: To evaluate the shared genetic etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted a genome-wide, multi-ancestry study of genetic variation for both diseases in up to 265,678 subjects for T2D and 260,365 subjects for CHD. We identify 16 previously unreported loci for T2D and 1 locus for CHD, including a new T2D association at a missense variant in HLA-DRB5 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.29). We show that genetically mediated increase in T2D risk also confers higher CHD risk. Joint T2D–CHD analysis identified eight variants—two of which are coding—where T2D and CHD associations appear to colocalize, including a new joint T2D–CHD association at the CCDC92 locus that also replicated for T2D. The variants associated with both outcomes implicate new pathways as well as targets of existing drugs, including icosapent ethyl and adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein.
Published: 2017
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38. Macular Degeneration and CETP Inhibition—Reply

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Nordestgaard, Børge Grønne, and Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne
Published: 2022
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39. Does greater adiposity increase blood pressure and hypertension risk?: Mendelian randomization using the FTO/MC4R genotype.

Author: Timpson, Nicholas J., Harbord, Roger, Smith, George Davey, Zacho, Jeppe, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., Davey Smith, George, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, and Nordestgaard, Børge G
Abstract: Elevated blood pressure increases the risk of experiencing cardiovascular events like myocardial infarction and stroke. Current observational data suggest that body mass index may have a causal role in the etiology of hypertension, but this may be influenced by confounding and reverse causation. Through the use of instrumental variable methods, we aim to estimate the strength of the unconfounded and unbiased association between body mass index/adiposity and blood pressure. We explore these issues in the Copenhagen General Population Study. We used instrumental variable methods to obtain estimates of the causal association between body mass index and blood pressure. This was performed using both rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R) genotypes as instruments for body mass index. Avoiding the epidemiological problems of confounding, bias, and reverse causation, we confirmed observational associations between body mass index and blood pressure. In analyses including those taking antihypertensive drugs, but for whom appropriate adjustment had been made, systolic blood pressure was seen to increase by 3.85 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.88 to 5.83 mm Hg) for each 10% increase in body mass index (P=0.0002), with diastolic blood pressure showing an increase of 1.79 mm Hg (95% CI: 0.68 to 2.90 mm Hg) for each 10% increase in body mass index (P=0.002). Observed associations are large and illustrate the considerable benefits in terms of reductions in blood pressure-related morbidity that could be achieved through a reduction in body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2009
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40. Loss-of-function mutation in ABCA1 and risk of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Introduction The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 ( ABCA1 ) is a major cholesterol transporter highly expressed in the liver and brain. In the brain, ABCA1 lipidates apolipoprotein E (apoE), facilitates clearance of amyloid-β, and may be involved in maintenance of the blood-brain barrier via apoE-mediated pathways. Methods We tested whether a loss-of-function mutation in ABCA1 , N1800H, is associated with plasma levels of apoE and with risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 92,726 individuals and with risk of cerebrovascular disease in 64,181 individuals. Results N1800H AC (0.2%) versus AA (99.8%) was associated with a 13% lower plasma level of apoE ( P = 1 × 10 −11 ). Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for N1800H AC versus AA were 4.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–12.9) for AD, 2.46 (1.10–5.50) for cerebrovascular disease, and 8.28 (2.03–33.7) for the hemorrhagic stroke subtype. Discussion A loss-of-function mutation in ABCA1 , present in 1:500 individuals, was associated with low plasma levels of apoE and with high risk of AD and cerebrovascular disease in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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41. Effect of APOE ε Genotype on Lipoprotein(a) and the Associated Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Author: Kritharides, Leonard, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Kamstrup, Pia R, and Afzal, Shoaib
Abstract: APOEε2/3/4 genotypes affect plasma lipoprotein(a); however, the effects of APOE genotypes on the prediction of myocardial infarction and aortic valve stenosis by lipoprotein(a) are unknown.
Published: 2017
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42. Fifteen new risk loci for coronary artery disease highlight arterial-wall-specific mechanisms

Author: Howson, Joanna M M, Zhao, Wei, Barnes, Daniel R, Ho, Weang-Kee, Young, Robin, Paul, Dirk S, Waite, Lindsay L, Freitag, Daniel F, Fauman, Eric B, Salfati, Elias L, Sun, Benjamin B, Eicher, John D, Johnson, Andrew D, Sheu, Wayne H H, Nielsen, Sune F, Lin, Wei-Yu, Surendran, Praveen, Malarstig, Anders, Wilk, Jemma B, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Rasmussen, Katrine L, Kamstrup, Pia R, Deloukas, Panos, Erdmann, Jeanette, Kathiresan, Sekar, Samani, Nilesh J, Schunkert, Heribert, Watkins, Hugh, Do, Ron, Rader, Daniel J, Johnson, Julie A, Hazen, Stanley L, Quyyumi, Arshed A, Spertus, John A, Pepine, Carl J, Franceschini, Nora, Justice, Anne, Reiner, Alex P, Buyske, Steven, Hindorff, Lucia A, Carty, Cara L, North, Kari E, Kooperberg, Charles, Boerwinkle, Eric, Young, Kristin, Graff, Mariaelisa, Peters, Ulrike, Absher, Devin, Hsiung, Chao A, Lee, Wen-Jane, Taylor, Kent D, Chen, Ying-Hsiang, Lee, I-Te, Guo, Xiuqing, Chung, Ren-Hua, Hung, Yi-Jen, Rotter, Jerome I, Juang, Jyh-Ming J, Quertermous, Thomas, Wang, Tzung-Dau, Rasheed, Asif, Frossard, Philippe, Alam, Dewan S, Majumder, Abdulla al Shafi, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Assimes, Themistocles L, Danesh, John, Butterworth, Adam S, and Saleheen, Danish
Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although 58 genomic regions have been associated with CAD thus far, most of the heritability is unexplained, indicating that additional susceptibility loci await identification. An efficient discovery strategy may be larger-scale evaluation of promising associations suggested by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Hence, we genotyped 56,309 participants using a targeted gene array derived from earlier GWAS results and performed meta-analysis of results with 194,427 participants previously genotyped, totaling 88,192 CAD cases and 162,544 controls. We identified 25 new SNP–CAD associations (P < 5 × 10−8, in fixed-effects meta-analysis) from 15 genomic regions, including SNPs in or near genes involved in cellular adhesion, leukocyte migration and atherosclerosis (PECAM1, rs1867624), coagulation and inflammation (PROCR, rs867186 (p.Ser219Gly)) and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation (LMOD1, rs2820315). Correlation of these regions with cell-type-specific gene expression and plasma protein levels sheds light on potential disease mechanisms.
Published: 2017
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43. Body Mass Index and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study of 399,536 Individuals

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv Tybjærg, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Nordestgaard, Børge G., and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: In this Mendelian randomization study of 399,536 individuals, genetic and hence lifelong lower BMI was not associated with higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease, in contrast to observational associations.
Published: 2017
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44. Adiposity amplifies the genetic risk of fatty liver disease conferred by multiple loci

Author: Stender, Stefan, Kozlitina, Julia, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Hobbs, Helen H, and Cohen, Jonathan C
Abstract: Complex traits arise from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The actions of these factors usually appear to be additive, and few compelling examples of gene–environment synergy have been documented. Here we show that adiposity significantly amplifies the effect of three sequence variants (encoding PNPLA3 p.I148M, TM6SF2 p.E167K, and GCKR p.P446L) associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Synergy between adiposity and genotype promoted the full spectrum of NAFLD, from steatosis to hepatic inflammation to cirrhosis. We found no evidence of strong interaction between adiposity and sequence variants influencing other adiposity-associated traits. These results indicate that adiposity augments genetic risk of NAFLD at multiple loci that confer susceptibility to hepatic steatosis through diverse metabolic mechanisms.
Published: 2017
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45. Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Author: Marouli, Eirini, Graff, Mariaelisa, Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Lo, Ken Sin, Wood, Andrew R., Kjaer, Troels R., Fine, Rebecca S., Lu, Yingchang, Schurmann, Claudia, Highland, Heather M., Rüeger, Sina, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Justice, Anne E., Lamparter, David, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Turcot, Valérie, Young, Kristin L., Winkler, Thomas W., Esko, Tõnu, Karaderi, Tugce, Locke, Adam E., Masca, Nicholas G. D., Ng, Maggie C. Y., Mudgal, Poorva, Rivas, Manuel A., Vedantam, Sailaja, Mahajan, Anubha, Guo, Xiuqing, Abecasis, Goncalo, Aben, Katja K., Adair, Linda S., Alam, Dewan S., Albrecht, Eva, Allin, Kristine H., Allison, Matthew, Amouyel, Philippe, Appel, Emil V., Arveiler, Dominique, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Auer, Paul L., Balkau, Beverley, Banas, Bernhard, Bang, Lia E., Benn, Marianne, Bergmann, Sven, Bielak, Lawrence F., Blüher, Matthias, Boeing, Heiner, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bots, Michiel L., Bottinger, Erwin P., Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Breen, Gerome, Brilliant, Murray H., Broer, Linda, Burt, Amber A., Butterworth, Adam S., Carey, David J., Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Cramer, Chu, Audrey Y., Cocca, Massimiliano, Collins, Francis S., Cook, James P., Corley, Janie, Galbany, Jordi Corominas, Cox, Amanda J., Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, Danesh, John, Davies, Gail, de Bakker, Paul I. W., de Borst, Gert J., de Denus, Simon, de Groot, Mark C. H., de Mutsert, Renée, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George, Demerath, Ellen W., den Hollander, Anneke I., Dennis, Joe G., Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Drenos, Fotios, Du, Mengmeng, Dunning, Alison M., Easton, Douglas F., Ebeling, Tapani, Edwards, Todd L., Ellinor, Patrick T., Elliott, Paul, Evangelou, Evangelos, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Faul, Jessica D., Feitosa, Mary F., Feng, Shuang, Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrario, Marco M., Ferrieres, Jean, Florez, Jose C., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franks, Paul W., Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gan, Wei, Gandin, Ilaria, Gasparini, Paolo, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Giri, Ayush, Girotto, Giorgia, Gordon, Scott D., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorski, Mathias, Grarup, Niels, Grove, Megan L., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hansen, Torben, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Harris, Tamara B., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, He, Liang, Heid, Iris M., Heikkilä, Kauko, Helgeland, Øyvind, Hernesniemi, Jussi, Hewitt, Alex W., Hocking, Lynne J., Hollensted, Mette, Holmen, Oddgeir L., Hovingh, G. Kees, Howson, Joanna M. M., Hoyng, Carel B., Huang, Paul L., Hveem, Kristian, Ikram, M. Arfan, Ingelsson, Erik, Jackson, Anne U., Jansson, Jan-Håkan, Jarvik, Gail P., Jensen, Gorm B., Jhun, Min A., Jia, Yucheng, Jiang, Xuejuan, Johansson, Stefan, Jørgensen, Marit E., Jørgensen, Torben, Jousilahti, Pekka, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kahali, Bratati, Kahn, René S., Kähönen, Mika, Kamstrup, Pia R., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kaprio, Jaakko, Karaleftheri, Maria, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kee, Frank, Keeman, Renske, Kiemeney, Lambertus A., Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Kluivers, Kirsten B., Kocher, Thomas, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kontto, Jukka, Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Kovacs, Peter, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kuivaniemi, Helena, Küry, Sébastien, Kuusisto, Johanna, La Bianca, Martina, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Lange, Ethan M., Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Langenberg, Claudia, Larson, Eric B., Lee, I-Te, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lewis, Cora E., Li, Huaixing, Li, Jin, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Li-An, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Yeheng, Liu, Yongmei, Lophatananon, Artitaya, Luan, Jian'an, Lubitz, Steven A., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mackey, David A., Madden, Pamela A. F., Manning, Alisa K., Männistö, Satu, Marenne, Gaëlle, Marten, Jonathan, Martin, Nicholas G., Mazul, Angela L., Meidtner, Karina, Metspalu, Andres, Mitchell, Paul, Mohlke, Karen L., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morgan, Anna, Morris, Andrew D., Morris, Andrew P., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Nauck, Matthias, Nelson, Christopher P., Neville, Matt, Nielsen, Sune F., Nikus, Kjell, Njølstad, Pål R., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Ntalla, Ioanna, O'Connel, Jeffrey R., Oksa, Heikki, Loohuis, Loes M. Olde, Ophoff, Roel A., Owen, Katharine R., Packard, Chris J., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N. A., Pasterkamp, Gerard, Patel, Aniruddh P., Pattie, Alison, Pedersen, Oluf, Peissig, Peggy L., Peloso, Gina M., Pennell, Craig E., Perola, Markus, Perry, James A., Perry, John R. B., Person, Thomas N., Pirie, Ailith, Polasek, Ozren, Posthuma, Danielle, Raitakari, Olli T., Rasheed, Asif, Rauramaa, Rainer, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex P., Renström, Frida, Ridker, Paul M., Rioux, John D., Robertson, Neil, Robino, Antonietta, Rolandsson, Olov, Rudan, Igor, Ruth, Katherine S., Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sandow, Kevin, Sapkota, Yadav, Sattar, Naveed, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Schreiner, Pamela J., Schulze, Matthias B., Scott, Robert A., Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P., Shah, Svati, Sim, Xueling, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Albert Vernon, Smith, Jennifer A., Southam, Lorraine, Spector, Timothy D., Speliotes, Elizabeth K., Starr, John M., Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Stringham, Heather M., Stumvoll, Michael, Surendran, Praveen, ‘t Hart, Leen M., Tansey, Katherine E., Tardif, Jean-Claude, Taylor, Kent D., Teumer, Alexander, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thuesen, Betina H., Tönjes, Anke, Tromp, Gerard, Trompet, Stella, Tsafantakis, Emmanouil, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Tyrer, Jonathan P., Uher, Rudolf, Uitterlinden, André G., Ulivi, Sheila, van der Laan, Sander W., Van Der Leij, Andries R., van Duijn, Cornelia M., van Schoor, Natasja M., van Setten, Jessica, Varbo, Anette, Varga, Tibor V., Varma, Rohit, Edwards, Digna R. Velez, Vermeulen, Sita H., Vestergaard, Henrik, Vitart, Veronique, Vogt, Thomas F., Vozzi, Diego, Walker, Mark, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Shuai, Wang, Yiqin, Wareham, Nicholas J., Warren, Helen R., Wessel, Jennifer, Willems, Sara M., Wilson, James G., Witte, Daniel R., Woods, Michael O., Wu, Ying, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Yao, Jie, Yao, Pang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Young, Robin, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhao, Wei, Zheng, He, Zhou, Wei, Rotter, Jerome I, Boehnke, Michael, Kathiresan, Sekar, McCarthy, Mark I., Willer, Cristen J., Stefansson, Kari, Borecki, Ingrid B., Liu, Dajiang J., North, Kari E., Heard-Costa, Nancy L., Pers, Tune H., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Oxvig, Claus, Kutalik, Zoltán, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Loos, Ruth J. F., Frayling, Timothy M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Deloukas, Panos, and Lettre, Guillaume
Abstract: Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1–4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, ARand CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2(giving an increase of 1–2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RAand NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
Published: 2017
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46. Abstract P551: Genetic Variants in the Adenosine Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author: Nordestgaard, Liv, Christoffersen, Mette, Afzal, Shoaib, Nordestgaard, Borge G, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Objective:Genetic variants in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) is associated with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Higher HDL cholesterol concentrations are observationally and genetically associated with higher risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, whether amino acid changing genetic variants in ABCA1associated with high HDL cholesterol concentrations confer a higher risk of AMD in the general population is currently unknown. We tested this hypothesis.Methods:We genotyped all amino acid changing ABCA1variants with a minor allele frequency above 0.002, measured plasma HDL cholesterol and other plasma lipids, and used Cox regression to assess risk of AMD. We created an HDL cholesterol weighted allele score and tested the association with risk of AMD on a continuous scale and in tertiles. Further, we performed mediation analyses. Main outcome measures:1,554 AMD events. Median follow-up of 10 years.Results:Of 90,344 study participants, 55% were women. Median age was 58 (interquartile range: 47-67) years. On a continuous scale, higher concentrations of genetically determined HDL cholesterol were associated with higher risk of all-cause AMD, dry AMD, and wet AMD both in an age- and sex adjusted model and in a multivariable adjusted model (See Figure). The ABCA1allele score for the third versus the first tertile was associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 1.30 (1.14-1.49) for all-cause AMD, 1.26 (1.06-1.50) for dry AMD, and 1.31 (1.12-1.53) for wet AMD in a multivariable adjusted model. 6-8% of the effect was mediated through HDL cholesterol. There was no interaction between weighted allele score tertiles and confounding factors on risk of AMD.Conclusions:Amino acid changing genetic variants in ABCA1which were associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, were also associated with higher risk of AMD, both on a weighted allele score continuously and when divided into tertiles.
Published: 2023
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47. Abstract 18: Impact of Preeclampsia on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mothers and Newborns

Author: Taageby Nielsen, Sofie, Qvist Thomassen, Jesper, Kamstrup, Pia R, Nordestgaard, Borge G, Sillesen, Anne-Sophie, Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne, Bundgaard, Henning, Iversen, Kasper, and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Abstract: Introduction:Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease and a cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with preeclampsia have increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in later life. The impact on the offspring is, however, still uncertain. Lipid traits in newborns are considered to reflect the child’s own production.Hypothesis:We assessed the hypothesis that preeclampsia increases risk of future cardiovascular disease in both mother and offspring.Methods:For this purpose, we used the Copenhagen General Population Study comprising 59,571 women of which 1,365 had a diagnosis of preeclampsia to investigate the association between preeclampsia and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Further, we used the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study comprising more than 13,000 umbilical cord blood samples and assessed the impact of preeclampsia on atherogenic lipid traits in cord blood.Results:Age adjusted hazard ratios for preeclampsia versus no preeclampsia (95% CI) were 1.48 (1.13-1.94) for ischemic heart disease, 1.50 (1.07-2.12) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and 1.53 (1.22-1.91) for composite vascular disease. Corresponding multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.31 (1.00-1.72), 1.44 (1.02-2.02), and 1.39 (1.11-1.74). Concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides in cord blood increased stepwise from no preeclampsia (n=11,221) to mild/moderate preeclampsia (n=253) to severe preeclampsia (n=104) (p for trends <0.0001 for non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol; p for trend=0.0002 for apolipoprotein B; p for trend=0.003 for triglycerides). Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for preeclampsia versus no preeclampsia (reference) for cord blood concentrations above the 80thpercentile were 2.09 (1.67-2.61) for non-HDL cholesterol, 1.58 (1.25-2.01) for total cholesterol, 1.72 (1.37-2.16) for LDL cholesterol, 1.38 (1.07-1.78) for apolipoprotein B, and 2.64 (2.07-3.35) for triglycerides.Conclusion:Women with preeclampsia had increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and lipid traits in umbilical cord blood of their offspring were elevated. This indicates that preeclampsia affects lipid metabolism during fetal life and potentially contributes to an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease in offspring of mothers with preeclampsia.
Published: 2023
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48. Postprandial Hypertriglyceridaemia Revisited in the Era of Non-fasting Lipid Profiles: Executive Summary of a 2019 Expert Panel Statement

Author: Kolovou, Genovefa D., Watts, Gerald F., Mikhailidis, Dimitri P., Pérez-Martínez, Pablo, Mora, Samia, Bilianou, Helen, Panotopoulos, George, Katsiki, Niki, Ooi, Teik C., Lopez-Miranda, José, Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne, Tentolouris, Nicholas, and Nordestgaard, Børge G.
Published: 2019
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49. Abstract 14649: Low Plasma Transthyretin is Associated With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population

Author: Christoffersen, Mette, Greve, Anders M, Hornstrup, Louise S, Nordestgaard, Borge G, and Tybjaerg-hansen, Anne
Abstract: Introduction:Transthyretin tetramer destabilization is the rate-limiting step in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, which is an underrecognized contributor to heart failure and mortality in older adults. Evidence suggests that low plasma transthyretin is an in vivomarker of transthyretin tetramer instability.Hypothesis:We tested the hypothesis that low plasma transthyretin genetically and observationally associates with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Methods:We genotyped 102,204 individuals and measured plasma transthyretin concentrations in 19,619 individuals from two studies of the Danish general population, the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study. We first tested whether genetic variants in TTR, which associated with increasing transthyretin tetramer instability, also associated with lower plasma transthyretin and higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Second, we tested whether low plasma transthyretin associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Results:Compared to p.T139M, a well-known transthyretin stabilizing mutation, TTRgenotype was associated with stepwise lower transthyretin concentrations of -20% for wild-type and -30% for heterozygotes for “Other mutations” (p.V142I, p.H110N, p.D119N). The corresponding hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.37(95% CI: 1.06-1.77) and 1.63(0.92-2.89) in wild-types, and 1.66(0.95-2.88) and 2.23(0.78-6.34) in carriers of “Other mutations”, respectively (Figure). In adjusted observational analysis individuals with plasma transthyretin ≤5thpercentile (<19.1 mg/dL) versus 6-95thpercentile (reference) had HRs of 1.39(1.17-1.64) and 1.66(1.17-2.38) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Conclusions:Genetically and observationally low transthyretin concentrations are associated with higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
Published: 2022
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50. Abstract 14613: Amyloidosis-Related Orthopedic Events, Low Plasma Transthyretin, and Risk of Cardiac Events

Author: Greve, Anders M, Christoffersen, Mette, Hornstrup, Louise S, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Nordestgaard, Borge G, and Tybjaerg-hansen, Anne
Abstract: Introduction:Carpal tunnel syndrome, spinal stenosis, and biceps tendon rupture may precede cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CA).Hypothesis:We tested the hypothesis that amyloidosis-related orthopedic events herald amyloidosis and cardiac events consistent with ATTR-CA through transthyretin destabilization.Methods:In observational analysis in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS; n=93,637), we first tested whether amyloidosis-related orthopedic events at baseline were associated with amyloidosis and incident cardiac events consistent with ATTR-CA (heart failure, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, or death), and whether a low plasma transthyretin was associated with a higher risk. In genetic analysis, in CGPS and the Copenhagen City Heart Study(CCHS) combined (n=102,496), we tested whether TTRgenotypes associated with stepwise lower plasma transthyretin, marking lower transthyretin tetramer stability and higher amyloidogenic potential, was associated with both orthopedic and incident cardiac events, implying a common mechanistic background through transthyretin destabilization.Results:In individuals with versus without orthopedic events at baseline, hazard ratios (HRs) were 10.7 (95% CI: 3.9-29.3) for amyloidosis, and 1.3(1.1-1.4) for cardiac events. Furthermore, in individuals with orthopedic events at baseline, HRs for cardiac events were 3.8(1.9-7.6) in those with transthyretin <20 mg/dL versus ≥20 mg/dL (Figure 1). Finally, HRs as a function of TTRgenotype increased with lower transthyretin and lower transthyretin tetramer stability up to 3.0(1.4-6.6) for orthopedic events and 1.6(95% CI: 1.0-2.6) for cardiac events.Conclusion:Amyloidosis-related orthopedic events are associated with increased risk of incident cardiac events, with the highest risk in those with low transthyretin levels. Orthopedic and cardiac events are linked through transthyretin tetramer destabilization.
Published: 2022
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