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Enamel hypoplasias are thought to represent calcification disruption indicative of metabolic stress during development. Hypoplasias of permanent maxillary central incisors and mandibular canines have undergone a notable reduction in frequency between Euro-Australian twins born around 1965 and those born ca. 1990. Even when scored very liberally these linear defects are 3.1–4.6 times as prevalent in the earlier Australians, and the discrepancy is proportionately greater among strictly scored defects. Likely correlates of this secular trend logically include reduced childhood fevers and clinical intervention to reduce circum-natal stresses acting on cotwins. However, fluoridation of metropolitan water has emerged as the statistically strongest hypoplasia-preventing factor. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:795–799, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Enamel hypoplasias are thought to represent calcification disruption indicative of metabolic stress during development. Hypoplasias of permanent maxillary central incisors and mandibular canines have undergone a notable reduction in frequency between Euro‐Australian twins born around 1965 and those born ca. 1990. Even when scored very liberally these linear defects are 3.1–4.6 times as prevalent in the earlier Australians, and the discrepancy is proportionately greater among strictly scored defects. Likely correlates of this secular trend logically include reduced childhood fevers and clinical intervention to reduce circum‐natal stresses acting on cotwins. However, fluoridation of metropolitan water has emerged as the statistically strongest hypoplasia‐preventing factor. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:795–799, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

General and craniofacial measurements from young marmosets in a recently established Australian colony are presented and compared with similar data published for a long‐established colony in the United Kingdom. Statistically significant differences between the colonies were those associated with large error variances, suggesting difficulties in locating certain landmarks rather than real differences in growth. Thus, direct comparison can be made between craniofacial growth studies conducted at these two different marmoset colonies.