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We introduce the concept of quantum integration for interval-valued functions and establish new q-Hermite–Hadamard and q-Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequalities for left and right log⁢-⁢h{\mathrm{log}\text{-}h}-convex interval-valued functions. Our results generalize the known ones in the literature and serve as a foundation for future studies in inequalities for interval-valued functions and interval differential equations. We illustrate our results with examples.

We propose and analyze a deterministic mathematical model for the transmission of food-borne diseases in a population consisting of humans and flies. We employ the Caputo operator to examine the impact of governmental actions and online food delivery services on the transmission of food-borne diseases. The proposed model investigates important aspects such as positivity, boundedness, disease-free equilibrium, basic reproduction number and sensitivity analysis. The existence and uniqueness of a solution for the initial value problem is established using Banach and Schauder type fixed point theorems. Functional techniques are employed to demonstrate the stability of the proposed model under the Hyers–Ulam condition. For an approximate solution, the iterative fractional order Predictor–Corrector scheme is utilized. The simulation of this scheme is conducted using Matlab as the numeric computing environment, with various fractional order values ranging from 0.75 to 1. Over time, all compartments demonstrate convergence and stability. The numerical simulations highlight the necessity for the government to implement the most effective food safety control interventions. These measures could involve food safety awareness and training campaigns targeting restaurant managers, staff members involved in online food delivery, as well as food delivery personnel.

We investigate the regional gradient observability of fractional sub-diffusion equations involving the Caputo derivative. The problem consists of describing a method to find and recover the initial gradient vector in the desired region, which is contained in the spatial domain. After giving necessary notions and definitions, we prove some useful characterizations for exact and approximate regional gradient observability. An example of a fractional system that is not (globally) gradient observable but it is regionally gradient observable is given, showing the importance of regional analysis. Our characterization of the notion of regional gradient observability is given for two types of strategic sensors. The recovery of the initial gradient is carried out using an expansion of the Hilbert uniqueness method. Two illustrative examples are given to show the application of the developed approach. The numerical simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of the reconstruction error.

We establish a new generalized Taylor’s formula for power fractional derivatives with nonsingular and nonlocal kernels, which includes many known Taylor’s formulas in the literature. Moreover, as a consequence, we obtain a general version of the classical mean value theorem. We apply our main result to approximate functions in Taylor’s expansions at a given point. The explicit interpolation error is also obtained. The new results are illustrated through examples and numerical simulations.

Invariant conditions for conformable fractional problems of the calculus of variations under the presence of external forces in the dynamics are studied. Depending on the type of transformations considered, different necessary conditions of invariance are obtained. As particular cases, we prove fractional versions of Noether U+02BC s symmetry theorem. Invariant conditions for fractional optimal control problems, using the Hamiltonian formalism, are also investigated. As an example of potential application in Physics, we show that with conformable derivatives it is possible to formulate an Action Principle for particles under frictional forces that is far simpler than the one obtained with classical fractional derivatives.

Isoperimetric problems consist in minimizing or maximizing a cost functional subject to an integral constraint. In this work, we present two fractional isoperimetric problems where the Lagrangian depends on a combined Caputo derivative of variable fractional order and we present a new variational problem subject to a holonomic constraint. We establish necessary optimality conditions in order to determine the minimizers of the fractional problems. The terminal point in the cost integral, as well as the terminal state, are considered to be free, and we obtain corresponding natural boundary conditions.

In We prove existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to Sobolev type fractional nonlocal dynamic equations in Banach spaces. The Sobolev nonlocal condition is considered in terms of a Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. A Lagrange optimal control problem is considered, and existence of a multi-integral solution obtained. Main tools include fractional calculus, semigroup theory, fractional power of operators, a singular version of Gronwall's inequality, and Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem. An example illustrating the theory is given.

In We prove existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to Sobolev type fractional nonlocal dynamic equations in Banach spaces. The Sobolev nonlocal condition is considered in terms of a Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative. A Lagrange optimal control problem is considered, and existence of a multi-integral solution obtained. Main tools include fractional calculus, semigroup theory, fractional power of operators, a singular version of Gronwall’s inequality, and Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem. An example illustrating the theory is given.

We prove necessary optimality conditions for problems of the calculus of variations on time scales with a Lagrangian depending on the free end‐point. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We derive Euler–Lagrange‐type equations for fractional action‐like integrals of the calculus of variations which depend on the Riemann–Liouville derivatives of order (α, β), α>0, β>0, recently introduced by Cresson. Some interesting consequences are obtained and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We obtain a version of Noether's invariance theorem for optimal control problems with a finite number of cost functionals. The result is obtained by formulating E. Noether's result for optimal control problems subject to isoperimetric constraints, and then using the unimprovable (Pareto) notion of optimality. It was A. Gugushvili who drew the author's attention to a result of this kind that was posed as an open mathematical question of a great interest in applications of control engineering.

AbstractWe present analytical computational tools that permit us to identify, in an automatic way, conservation laws in optimal control. The central result we use is the famous Noether's theorem, a classical theory developed by Emmy Noether in 1918, in the context of the calculus of variations and mathematical physics, which was extended recently to the more general context of optimal control. We show how a Computer Algebra System can be very helpful in finding the symmetries and corresponding conservation laws in optimal control theory, thus making useful in practice the theoretical results recently obtained in the literature. A Maple implementation is provided and several illustrative examples are given.

We consider an extension of the well-known Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation for fractional order dynamical systems in which a generalized performance index is considered for the related optimal control problem. Owing to the nonlocality of the fractional order operators, the classical HJB equation, in the usual form, does not hold true for fractional problems. Effectiveness of the proposed technique is illustrated through a numerical example.

We investigate exact enlarged controllability (EEC) for time fractional diffusion systems of Riemann–Liouville type. The Hilbert uniqueness method (HUM) is used to prove EEC for both cases of zone and pointwise actuators. A penalization method is given and the minimum energy control is characterized.