Search

Aims.We present an analysis of 37 high-quality extended rotation curves that highlight the existence of a new discrepancy (or a new aspect of an old discrepancy) between the density profiles predicted by the Λcold dark matter (ΛCDM) theory and the actual distribution of dark matter in galaxies.

Three compounds have been identified in the abdominal tip extracts from the female leopard moth,Zeuzera pyrina L. Gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy data showed that (E, Z)-2, 13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate was the main component and that (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol acetate and octadecan-1-ol acetate were secondary components. The electroanten-nographic responses of maleZ. pyrina to nanogram amounts of all four 2, 13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate isomers indicated that theE, Z isomer had the maximum activity. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-7-do-decen-1-ol acetate, which was not detected in the female extracts.

The CO2 insertion into argon-bombarded porous SiO2 is studied theoretically via ab initio molecular dynamics. The results of this analysis are consistent with CO2 addition to the SiO2 skeleton at the diradical silicon defects produced by the bombardment. Molecular dynamics suggests that the addition is initiated with the formation of carboxylate and evolves to ester-like centers.

Female tip washings of the European goat moth,Cossus cossus L., were found to contain the following compounds that are structurally similar to known pheromone components of Lepidoptera (%): decyl acetate (1.5), (Z)-5-dodecenol (1), (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (66), dodecyl acetate (12), (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (14), tetradecyl acetate (4), and hexadecyl acetate (1.5). The washes contained an average of 125 ng of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate per female equivalent. EAG responses to nanogram amounts of the identified products indicated that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was the most potent olfactory stimulant followed by (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-5-dodecenol, whereas the saturated acetates caused only weak depolarization. A strong EAG response was also recorded for (Z)-3-decenyl acetate, which was not detected in the female tip washings. Field results showed that (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate was essential for the attraction of the males and that (Z)-3-decenyl acetate improved the attractiveness of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate alone or in combination with (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate.

The use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) on two occasions, in a 53-day-old and 270-day-old male infant with Tessier N.3 and N.4 facial defects, using sedation and topical anaesthesia is described. The LMA was used to manage the airway and facilitate inhalation induction of anaesthesia as the facial deformities were thought to be too extensive for the safe use of a facemask. The LMA is an alternative to a facemask and secures the airway and facilitates the inhalation induction of anaesthesia in paediatric patients with severe facial deformities.

Backgrounds/Aims: The World Health Organization estimates the annual worldwide incidence of death by drowning to be about 400,000. Deaths from drowning are more common in young children, representing 27% of deaths at 1–4 years from unintentional injury in the US.Drowning victims develop hypoxaemia related to the acute lung injury as a result of surfactant disruption. The severe lung dysfunction leads to alveolar collapse, atelectasis and intrapulmonary shunting and often progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Surfactant replacement therapy has been shown to reduce mortality and complications in prematures and neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome(RDS). Administration of surfactant to adults with ARDS has received great attention and specific patients may benefit from surfactant treatement; however more studies are needed.This Case report describes our experience with a 18 months child affected by a severe ARDS from freshwater near-drowning and treated with a single dose of surfactant (Curosurf).Methods: While she was unatended, a little 18 months girl fell in a big basin full of freshwater. Her face remained under water for 3–5 min. Her parents rescued her and started a basic CPR. They transported her to the nearest hospital where she was intubated and ventilated. Medical staff continued CPR and started acidosis correction, noradrenaline infusion (0,1 mcg/kg/min), antibiotics and corticosteroids therapy. Finally both pupils reacted to light. The patient had severe combined acidosis whith pH 7.09, but normal electrolytes. On ICU admission, 270 min after the submersion, her GCS was 8, BP 100/60mmHg, HR 120. A chest X-Ray showed bilateral infiltrates, subatelectasis and an increased cardiothoracic ratio.The rectal temperature was almost normal.The pulse oximetry revealed a saturation 100% with FiO2 =1. After repeated suctioning and recruitment manoevres a 240 mg dose of Surfactant (Cursurf) in volume of 50 ml of normal saline was injected intratracheally during a fiberoptic broncoscopy (mg/5ml). The ET tube was connected to the pressure controlled ventilation. The patient was also treated with antibiotics (ceftriaxone and amikacin), corticosteroids (desametasone), ranitidine, phenobarbital, fluids therapy and rewarming.Results: The first blood gas 3 hours after surfactant administration showed PaO2/FiO2 ratio of blood gas analysis 0h (144) -3 h (407), 6h (431), 12h (471), -18h (474).and chest X-Rays were checked at 6–12-18 hours and revealed a rapid improvement of oxygenation and respiratory distress. Electroencephalography and neurological evaluation were normal. An Echocardiography revealed normal ventricular function and minor ventricular septal decreased contractility.Conclusions: The key pathophysiological feature in drowning is hypoxia. In our experience surfactant replacement had drammatically improved oxygenation. Prompt resuscitation is crucial for optimal survival: that means good neurological outcome.