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In the present study, we discuss the cases of 62- and 71-year-old patients with osteonecrosis of the mandible, which had been treated for multiple myeloma (MM). The best-understood complications of MM are changes in the skeletal system, the nervous system, and the kidneys. Major symptoms affecting the bones are osteolysis and hypercalcemia. To reduce excessive bone turnover, patients receive bisphosphonate group drugs. The study aims to present cases of pharmacological treatment with pentoxylin and tocopherol (PENTO method) in patients with MRONJ during bisphosphonate treatment. The applied PENTO therapy caused the resolution of inflammatory symptoms and reduced pain and discomfort resulting from purulent extra-oral and intra-oral fistulas. All the actions undertaken helped avoid mutilating surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragon fruit is gaining its popularity in all over the world. The seed of the dragon fruit is highly nutritious in terms of essential fatty acid. The utilization of seed oils is getting increasingly common these days. In this work, a comparative analysis was undertaken for control and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) samples, using the RSM-CCD (Response Surface Methodology – Central composite Design) design, to determine the influences power and time on dragon fruit seed oil's Yield, PV, DPPH, and polyphenol content. The optimization was done, where the extraction yield (34.30 %), PV (3.23 me quiiv O 2 /kg), DPPH (69.65 %), and polyphenol (96.71 mg GAE/g) was observed. While comparing with the control sample the antioxidant activity of the seed oil in terms of (%DPPH, FRAP and ORAC) was better in microwave treated sample. The saturated fatty acid is 25 % with a monounsaturated fatty acid 20 % and Polyunsaturated fatty acid of 55 %. High amount of tocopherol content was determined having 93 % of γ -tocopherol. Dragon fruit seed oil has the possibility to be a good source for the functional components in the near future due to the presence of antioxidant compounds and essential fats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Salinity inferiorly affects physiological and biochemical processes of wheat plants making grain yield economically drops. Ameliorative effects of some growth stimulants (control, humic acid, tocopherol, nano-silica and nitric oxide) on two wheat cultivars (Sakha 95 and Misr3) under saline soil conditions were investigated in this work. The experiment was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021seasons using split-plot design. Results disclosed that although Sakha 95 recorded higher value of grain yield than Misr 3 but there were insignificant differences between the two cultivars in almost all studied traits, except for relative water content, malondialdehyde content and catalase activity, where Misr 3 significantly superior Sakha 95 in these traits. Nano-silica or nitric oxide significantly affected water relations traits of the two studied cultivars, where the two treatments gave the lowest values of transpiration rate and the highest values of both stomata resistance and relative water content in both seasons. The two treatments also gave the highest activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes and the lowest values of malondealdehyde. The highest increase in chlorophyll pigments (a and b) and yield as well as its attributes were obtained from spraying nano silica. It could be recommended that cultivation of Sakha 95 or Misr 3 treated with nano-silica or Sakha 95 with spraying any of the other studied stimulant substances (nitric oxide or humic acid or tocopherol) to obtain high productivity under saline soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of tocopherol and chlorogenic acid on the oxidation stability and bioaccessibility of algal oil emulsion were investigated. The results showed that the compound antioxidant (300 ppm tocopherol + 200 ppm chlorogenic acid) could effectively inhibit the oxidation of algal oil emulsion. Based on the changes in antioxidant content during storage and their distribution at the interface, it is speculated that the interaction mechanism between tocopherol and chlorogenic acid is that chlorogenic acid promotes the regeneration of tocopherol and alters their distribution at the interface through their interaction. The calculation result of FMO showed that the ΔE of chlorogenic acid (4.0456 eV) is smaller than that of α-tocopherol (6.4823 eV), indicating a stronger electron-donating capacity, which further validated the mechanism of the interaction between tocopherol and chlorogenic acid. The compound antioxidant had no significant effect on the physical stability of the emulsion, and was conducive to improving the bioaccessibility of DHA. These findings provide direction for the design of high oxidation stability functional emulsion systems and valuable ideas for the creation of natural antioxidant combinations. The interaction mechanism of tocopherol and chlorogenic acid in algal oil emulsion and their effects on the physical stability of the emulsion and the bioaccessibility of DHA were studied. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are an integral part of our daily life, used in agricultural fields, store rooms, residences and educational institutions to kill or repel pests. Several chemical subtypes of these compounds are available, of which organophosphate (OP) is major one. These are broad spectrum pesticides used to kill insect pests. OPs are useful but indeed they are most frequent reasons of pesticide poisoning across the globe. OP inhibits acetylcholinesterase activities that results in continuous hyper-excitable state of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions. Intentional or unintentional exposure to OPs causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, muscular weakness, dementia, Central Nervous System (CNS) dysfunction and even death. Besides acetylcholinesterase inhibition, OPs are also known to trigger ROS generation within the cellular machinery which results in Oxidative Stress (OS). Free Radicals (FRs) are neutralized by antioxidant-defense system of the body. Vitamin C and vitamin E are the major exogenous antioxidants that scavenge a large amount of free radicals by donating their own electrons to FRs. This phenomenon reduces ROS and hence, OS is prevented. Therefore, vitamin C and E can be considered for daily dietary intake which might be providing prophylactic advantage against OP induced OS and pathophysiology in human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of the people worldwide are drinking arsenic polluted water. The need of time is to find out the mitigation strategies to cope with this issue. To evaluate the effects of tocopherol and ubiquinol individually and collectively on arsenic induced nephrotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. 150 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups randomly. Animals of group I were provided with distilled water and sterile diet pellets. All other groups were given arsenic contaminated water (5mg/L) ad libitum. Moreover, ubiquinol and tocopherol (250mg/kg each) were given to group III and IV rats respectively. Whereas, both tocopherol and ubiquinol (125 mg/kg each) was given to rats of group V. After 2 weeks of intervention period, serum RFTs were evaluated on micro lab. After exposure to arsenic, animals of group II showed a significant (p < 0.01) elevation of serum RFTs. Treatment with ubiquinol in group III animals and tocopherol in group IV animals reduced the levels (p <0.01) of serum RFTs in these groups. Whereas, the combined effects of both these antioxidants reversed these changes to normal values (p > 0.05). Both tocopherol and ubiquinol (synergistically) are more efficient in minimizing the nephrotoxicity induced by arsenic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease. It affects skin and joints, characterized by abnormal hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The worldwide prevalence of psoriasis ranges from 2% to 4%. Environmental factors as smoking, alcohol consumption obesity can also work as triggers. During the inflammatory process, there is an exacerbated formation of free radicals and antioxidants are required to maintain redox balance. Aim: Assess antioxidant profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August/2012 and March/2014. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and biochemical measurements, dietary intake, serum lycopene and α-tocopherol, psoriasis severity according to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were obtained. Comparisons between serum lycopene and α-tocopherol distributions according to variables were conducted using a one-way analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate factors associated with serum antioxidants. Results: 81 participants (56% female, 62% non-white), 34% without psoriatic lesions, 51% diagnosed with mild psoriasis, and 15% with moderate psoriasis. Median (IQR) age of 54 (41, 62) years, 10 (4, 11) years of education, 17% smokers, 46% overweight and 25% obesity. In total, 72% did not reach the daily recommendation of fruit and vegetable intake. Serum lycopene and α-tocopherol were 0.2 (0.1–0.3) µmol/L and 22.5 (18.5–25.6) µmol/L, respectively. Only 14% presented adequate concentration of lycopene, but adequate α-tocopherol level was observed among 88%. Conclusions: Patients reported a diet low in vegetables and fruits and rich in ultra-processed foods and fatty acids. Adequate circulating α-tocopherol but low serum lycopene, was observed among patients. A linear trend was observed for lycopene according to the severity of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactivity of carotenoids and tocols is limited by their instability, hydrophobicity, and low bioavailability. Hence, the study aimed to design microspheres from sea buckthorn juice by ionotropic gelation to increase stability, ensure high content of carotenes, xanthophylls, tocopherols and tocotrienols and their antidiabetic activity. The effects of biopolymers, cross-linking and storage on the carotenoid and tocol profile of microspheres (identified and quantified by LC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS and UPLC-FL methods) and their in vitro α -amylase and α -glucosidase inhibitory activity were investigated. Microspheres containing sodium alginate/κ-carrageenan (4:1) had significantly high content of carotenoids and tocols, and antihyperglycemic activity (p < 0.05). The two-step cross-linking (1-calcium chloride, 2-chitosan) provided a 17% higher carotenoid content. Cross-linking with CaCl 2 promoted high content of tocopherols but stability protection was provided by sodium alginate and CaCl 2 /chitosan (9:1) cross-linking (1.7-fold decrease in instability). The encapsulation using newly designed combinations of biopolymers and cross-linking could be an effective strategy to increase the stability and bioactivities of microspheres as nutraceuticals and smart food. [Display omitted] • Encapsulation effectively increased the storage stability of bioactive compounds. • Sodium alginate/κ-carrageenan ensured the stability of carotenes and xanthophylls. • Two-step cross-linking resulted in high carotenoid content in fresh microspheres. • Sodium alginate and cross-linking with CaCl 2 /chitosan were beneficial for tocols. • New biopolymer and cross-linking combinations modulated the antihyperglycemic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a noncommunicable inflammatory disease of the soft tissue and bone surrounding the teeth in the jaw, which affects susceptible individuals with poor oral hygiene. A growing interest has been seen in the use of dietary supplements and natural products for the treatment and prevention of periodontitis. Vitamin E consists of two major groups, namely tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are botanical lipophilic compounds with excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review aimed to summarize the preclinical and clinical findings on the effects of vitamin E on periodontitis. The current literature suggests that vitamin E could improve the periodontal status by correcting redox status imbalance, reducing inflammatory responses, and promoting wound healing, thus highlighting the potential of vitamin E in the management of periodontitis. Direct evidence for the use of vitamin E supplementation or treatment of periodontitis in humans is still limited. More well-designed and controlled studies are required to ascertain its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of vitamin E on weight loss. Yet various interventional studies with wide ranges of doses and durations have reported contradictory results. Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched up to December 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect method. Effect size was presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 index. In order to identification of potential sources of heterogeneity, predefined subgroup and meta regression analyses was conducted. A total of 24 studies with 33 data sets were included. There was no significant effect of vitamin E on weight (WMD: 0.15, 95% CI: −1.35 to 1.65, P = 0.847), body mass index (BMI) (WMD = 0.04, 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.37, P = 0.815), and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −0.19 kg, 95% CI: −2.06 to 1.68, P = 0.842), respectively. However, subgroup analysis revealed that vitamin E supplementation in studies conducted on participants with normal BMI (18.5–24.9) had increasing impact on BMI (P = 0.047). There was no significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on weight, BMI and WC. However, vitamin E supplementation might be associated with increasing BMI in people with normal BMI (18.5–24.9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants have developed various self-defense systems to survive many types of unfavorable conditions. Heat shock (HS) treatment, an abiotic stress, activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis to enhance resistance to biotic stresses in some plant species. Since SA is produced from the shikimate pathway, other related metabolic pathways were expected to be upregulated by HS treatment. We speculated that tocopherol biosynthesis utilizing chorismic acid would be activated by HS treatment. In Arabidopsis , expression analysis of tocopherol biosynthetic genes, HPPD, VTE2, VTE3, VTE1 , and VTE4 , in combination with measurement of metabolites, indicated that HS treatment enhanced the biosynthesis and accumulation of tocopherols. Analyses using an SA biosynthesis-deficient mutant indicated that the upregulation of tocopherol biosynthesis was independent of the SA-mediated signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a previously described debilitating condition in which patients experience progressive bone destruction in the maxilla and/or mandible after exposure to certain drugs. Clinical management of MRONJ remains controversial, with no established guidelines. The aim of our study was to conduct a literature review on the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (PTX) and tocopherol (PENTO protocol) on MRONJ. A literature review was conducted, using two different scientific databases, to evaluate the effects of PTX and tocopherol on MRONJ. PENTO protocol prescription to treat MRONJ was reported to be well tolerated, with minimal side-effects, and non-expensive when compared with other non-surgical treatment modalities. It was shown to relieve painful symptoms in all patients, and significant new bone formation was observed at final follow-up. Observational and case-series studies have demonstrated that pentoxifylline and tocopherol are potentially useful in the non-surgical management of MRONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm birth is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality, so strategies to reduce early birth must remain a priority. One key approach to enhancing birth outcomes is improving maternal dietary intake. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss mechanisms on perinatal status of fat-soluble nutrients (carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols) and omega-3 fatty acids and how they impact risk for preterm birth. Literature review demonstrates that maternal dietary intake and biological (blood and placental tissue) levels of fat-soluble nutrients during pregnancy may provide antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids also promote increased production of specialized pro-resolving mediators, subsequently mediating inflammation resolution. Combined effects of these nutrients support appropriate placental organogenesis and function. Consequently, fat-soluble nutrients and omega-3 fatty acids serve as strong influencers for preterm birth risk. As dietary intake remains a modifiable factor, future intervention would benefit from a focus on optimizing perinatal status of these specific nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effects of light irradiation and methyl jasmonatc (MJ) applications on the accumulation of tocopherols (α-,β-,γ- and δ-tocopherols) in grape cell suspension cultures was determined. Cell suspensions initiated from petiole tissue-derived callus of Gamay, Kalecik Karasi and Okiizgozii grape cultivars were used as plant materials. In the light irradiation treatment, cell suspensions were cultured in dark constantly (control) or exposed to visible light (10.000 lux) while MJ dissolved in ethanol was applied to cell suspension cultures at 10 uM concentration. Ethanol treatment was also included as a control. Cells were harvested at three days intervals until 15 days of cultures. Amounts of tocopherols (μg/g FCW), cell number (n) and cell viability (%) were determined in the harvested cells. In the present study, light irradiation and MJ treatments affected the tocopherol accumulation in grape cells. Not only the dark culture condition but also the MJ treatment increased the tocopherol accumulations when compared to the light condition and non-exposed MJ application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This exploratory study investigates the role of retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids (RTC) in multiple sclerosis (MS). • Serum RTC were analyzed in 106 MS patients and 31 healthy controls at baseline at 5-year follow-up. • Retinol in MS was positively correlated with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and α-tocopherol. • Disability on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was associated with α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and lycopene. • Retinol was associated with improved low-contrast letter acuity in MS. Retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids (RTC) have physiological roles as vitamins, pro-vitamins, and antioxidants, and provide biomarkers of dietary vegetable and fruit intake. The goal was to investigate RTC in multiple sclerosis (MS). This exploratory study included 106 people with MS (71 relapsing-remitting MS or RR-MS; and 35 progressive MS or PMS) and 31 healthy controls (HC) at baseline and 5-year follow-up (5YFU). Serum retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels were measured using the single molecule array method. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and low contrast letter acuity (LCLA) were used as disability measures. Retinol in MS was positively correlated with α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and α-tocopherol but negatively correlated with δ-tocopherol. EDSS was associated with α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and lycopene. Greater retinol levels were associated with greater LCLA in RR-MS and PMS; high contrast visual acuity was not associated. Greater γ-tocopherol levels were associated with lower LCLA and high contrast visual acuity in PMS. RTC exhibit distinctive associations with LCLA and EDSS in MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is an infrequent but serious complication of radiotherapy, especially in the head and neck region. It is a slowly progressive condition, with management in the early stages focused on symptom control, and surgery usually reserved for advanced ORN. However, established ORN is difficult to treat. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has recently been contested. The use of pentoxifylline in the management of ORN was first described by Delanian in 2004, but its benefits have not been replicated in other studies. In cases of advanced ORN with pathological fractures, many centres still advocate surgical resection and reconstruction. However, in this group of patients who often have multiple medical comorbidities, many of whom have previously undergone significant surgery, a resective plan is not always ideal. This paper presents two successful cases of bony union after the use of pentoxifylline and tocopherol to manage grade III ORN of the mandible. Both patients had pathological fractures and orocutaneous fistulas and were deemed unsuitable for surgery. The possible reasons for the success of pentoxifylline and tocopherol are discussed, and a review of the current literature evidence of similar cases is presented. Pentoxifylline and tocopherol should be considered for the management of advanced ORN where surgical management is not appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Microalgae-derived functional materials, such as food supplements, drugs, and biofuels have gained a great deal of attention in recent times. Among the several microalgae investigated for biomaterials production, Euglena spp. are particularly attractive due to their easiness to grow in cultures and the ability to produce numerous bioactive compounds through extremely complex metabolic pathways. The genus Euglena comprises more than 300 species of unicellular, predominantly freshwater flagellates of worldwide distribution. The plastids in Euglena cells have been recognized as a site of the production of proteins, fatty acids, and many other value-added metabolites. Euglena is one of the few microorganisms that simultaneously produces antioxidants, such as β-carotene, l -ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, along with wax esters, phytotoxins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), that are useful in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Nevertheless, the biotechnological potency of Euglena for industrial production has been exploited limitedly. This review summarizes the major value-added compounds obtained from the protist genus Euglena and their potential and prospects for commercial production. Highlights • The protist genus Euglena serves as an excellent source of value-added metabolites. • Lipids, paramylon, tocopherol and carotenoids from Euglena have a wide range of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potentials. • Euglena biomass has been shown to be a sustainable biofuel feedstock. • Novel metabolites, such as euglenotoxins, have been recently detected and characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatty acid compositions and tocochromanol concentrations (α-, γ + β-, δ-tocopherol and δ-tocotrienol) of oil extracted from euryhaline microalgal strains (Spirulina subsalsa (Spi A), Scenedesmus MKB (Scnd) and Spirulina sp. (Spi B)) were analyzed. The oxidative stability of microalgae-based oil-in-water emulsions at pH 7 was also determined by measuring lipid hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal formation. The content of saturated fatty acids was highest in Spi B oil whereas n-3 linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids were high in Spi A. No significant difference was reported in the total tocochromanol homolog contents of Spi A and Scnd oils, but it was significantly higher in Spi B oil. Tocochromanol depletion analysis revealed that δ-tocopherol and δ-tocotrienol had a slower depletion rate than other homologs and that their high content prolonged the hexanal lag phase of Spi B oil-in-water emulsions up to 21 days. The fact that Spi B had the lowest unsaturated fatty acid content and the highest tocochromanol concentration resulted in greater oxidative stability. Spi A oxidized faster than Scnd irrespective of their similar tocochromanol content which might be due to the higher amounts of unstable 18:3 and 20:5 fatty acids. These data suggest that these microalgal oils could have applications in sustainable food systems. • Marine microalgae are natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA. • Microalgae-extracted oils can possibly be utilized in vegan foods as an alternative to fish oil. • Tocochromanol homologs improved the oxidative stability of microalgae-based oil-in-water emulsions. • Emulsions containing more tocochromanol and less unsaturated fatty acids were more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Immature rice grain, which is one of the by‐products of paddy milling process, was used in gluten‐free bread production at the levels of 0% (control) 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% after being stabilized using infrared radiation (at 1,600 W for 4 min). The effects of the infrared stabilized immature rice grain flour (IRGF) substitution on proximate composition, cooking properties, crumb and crust color, mineral composition, B1 and B2 vitamins, tocopherols, gamma‐oryzanol, texture, and sensory properties of the breads were evaluated. Insoluble dietary fiber, Mg, Mn, K, and Fe contents of the breads remarkably increased with IRGF incorporation (p < 0.05). Tocopherol content of the breads substituted with IRGF at the level of 100% was 77% higher than that of the control bread, whereas no notable variation was observed for vitamin B1 with regard to IRGF substitution (p > 0.05). Gamma‐oryzanol content of the breads made from IRGF (100%) was about three times higher than that of the tocopherol content. Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the breads pronouncedly increased with the incorporation of IRGF at the level of 50% or higher. Gluten‐free bread substituted with IRGF at the level of 30% was the most preferred bread with respect to consumers’ overall acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We investigated whether antioxidants may enhance bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates and therefore increase the risk of obesity development.Methods: We tested how supplementation with antioxidants (0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene [BHT], α-tocopherol, and green tea catechins) of a diet containing butter and wheat bread affects bioavailability of fats and carbohydrates. The absorption of the in vitro digested diet was estimated in the intestinal epithelia model of the Caco-2 cells cultured in Transwell chambers.Results: In the case of the antioxidant-supplemented diets, we observed increased bioavailability of glucose, cholesterol, and lipids, as well as elevated secretion of the main chylomicron protein apoB-48 to the basal compartment. Importantly, we did not detect any rise in the concentrations of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the control samples prepared without antioxidants.Conclusions: Addition of antioxidants (in particular BHT) to the diet increases bioavailability of lipids and carbohydrates, which consequently may increase the risk of obesity development. The dose of antioxidants is a factor of fundamental importance, particularly for catechins: low doses increase absorption of lipids, whereas high doses exert the opposite effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Lake Saint-Pierre (LSP), the last great widening of the St. Lawrence River (province of Québec, Canada), the yellow perch has been experiencing a significant decline since the mid-1990s. The combined effect of several stressors (deterioration of habitats appropriate for reproduction and growth, invasive species and poor water quality) seems to exert considerable influence on the yellow perch population in LSP, characterized by low recruitment. To better understand possible stressor effects at the biochemical level, LSP yellow perch were compared with other sites along a gradient of increasing human influences from upstream to downstream along the St. Lawrence River. Morphometry (size, weight, circumference and Fulton's condition factor) and biomarkers associated to the peroxidation of lipids, lipophilic antioxidants (α-tocopherol and carotenoids), along with retinoids (vitamins A1and A2) and proteins were compared between sites at the larval, juvenile and adult stages. Fulton's condition factor was similar between sites for juveniles but was significantly lower in LSP adults, suggesting a weakened physiological condition. In most contaminated sites as LSP, lipid peroxidation tended to be higher in juveniles and adults whereas the lipophilic antioxidant lycopene and proteins content were lower. Retinyl esters were significantly lower for LSP fish compared to other sites, not only in larvae but also in the livers of juveniles and adults. These results are consistent with possible altered metabolism in the retinoid system of LSP yellow perch. The overall results reflect the “pressure” gradient tested, where the yellow perch from the most affected sites located downstream had impaired physiological and biochemical conditions compared to the upstream sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation-induced fibrosis in the head and neck is a well-established pathophysiological process after radiotherapy. Recently pentoxifylline and tocopherol have been proposed as treatments to combat the late complications of radiation-induced fibrosis and a way of dealing with osteoradionecrosis. They both have a long history in the management of radiation-induced fibrosis at other anatomical sites. In this paper we review their use in sites other than the head and neck to illustrate the potential benefit that they offer to our patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication seen intermittently in patients who have had radiotherapy to the head and neck, and results of treatment with pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PVe) have been encouraging. As a consequence, some argue that this should be used prophylactically to lower the risk of ORN after dental extractions in this group. We retrospectively analysed data on 390 dental extractions in 82 patients who had had radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck. Each had been given PVe prophylactically. Only one patient (1.2%) developed ORN (rate/tooth 0.26%). Patients had taken PVe for a mean (SD) of 11 (23) weeks preoperatively and 13.6 (18) weeks postoperatively. The incidence we found was lower than that normally associated with dental extractions in irradiated patients (7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma and urine metabolomics profiles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) fed with chicken skin protein hydrolysates (CSPHs) were investigated to establish possible biomarkers of blood pressure regulation. SHR and wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomised into groups that received casein-only (control), CSPHs (0.5 or 1%) or chicken skin meal (CSM 1%) diets for six weeks. Results showed that the diets significantly (P < 0.05) lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs (−36, −31 and −26 mmHg for CSPH 1%, CSPH 0.5% and CSM 1%, respectively) but not WKY. This correlated with decreased plasma angiotensin converting enzyme levels but not with superoxide dismutase activity. Partial least square discrimination analysis of detected metabolites in urine and plasma of rats showed significant changes in levels of symmetric dimethylarginine, N 2 -acetyl-L-ornithine, buthionine sulfoximine, uric acid, α-tocopherol succinate, L-isoleucine, creatinine, and phospholipids. CSPHs could therefore be used as ingredients in developing nutraceuticals and functional foods for hypertension management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiochemical characterization and microbial decontamination of gamma irradiated (2–10 kGy) walnut seed oil were evaluated. The proximate composition, density and refractive index remained unaffected, whereas unsponifiable matter, iodine, sponification and free fatty acids values were almost unaffected up to an absorbed dose of 6 kGy and slightly changed at higher doses and similar trend was also observed for conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, peroxide and para-anisidine values. The tocopherol contents and fatty acid also affected at higher absorbed doses. The microbial load was not detected in oil irradiated to an absorbed dose of 6 kGy. It was noted that variations in physiochemical characteristics were insignificant up to 6 kGy. The stored sample did not show significant changes in properties up to 3 months. From the results, it can be concluded that gamma irradiation may affect the physiochemical characteristics of walnut oil at higher doses. Therefore, an appropriate dose of gamma radiation is suggested to avoid any negative impact on nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication of radiotherapy, and is difficult to manage once established. However, its pathogenesis has been reinvestigated, and it is now thought to be potentially amenable to treatment with pentoxifylline and tocopherol (vitamin E). We made a retrospective analysis of 62 patients with established ORN who were treated in this way. When only pentoxifylline and vitamin E was used ORN resolved in 14/25 (56%) but paradoxically, when it was combined with antibiotics, only 6/22 resolved (27%). The next stage would ideally be to incorporate the treatment in a randomised clinical trial against both standard antibiotic treatment and hyperbaric oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the influence of heating on the content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols of extra virgin and refined olive oil as well as some parameters describing the oxidative states of these oils. The results show that heat treatment causes a decrease in the nutritional quality of the two types of olive oil. The content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) from 87.4% to 84.5% for refined olive oil, while no change was found for extra virgin olive oil. The content of saturated fatty acid did not change substantially for either type of oil. The heat treatment also caused a decrease in the tocopherol content that was more evident for the refined olive oil. This heat treatment results in an increase in free fatty acids that was more pronounced for refined olive oil. A similar result was found for the peroxide value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of five different breeds (Landrace × Large White, Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Pietrain) and two lactation stages (colostrum and milk) on phospholipids and their fatty acids compositions, cholesterol, and tocopherols in sow milks (n = 100) were investigated in the present study. Six classes of phospholipids were identified using 31P NMR spectroscopy, with the total phospholipid levels ranging from 56.84 to 151.02 μmol/100 mL. Sphingomyelin (SM) was the most abundant phospholipids (33.57%–48.00%) in both colostrum and milk. Colostrum contained higher percentages of SM, phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPLAS) than those in milk, while milk contained higher percentages of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). C16:0 and C18:0, accounting for more than 80% of the saturated fatty acids of phospholipids in both colostrum and milk, decreased throughout the lactation. The average cholesterol concentration in colostrum was 430.60 mg/100 g fat, which was significantly lower than that in milk (646.44 mg/100 g fat). α-Tocopherol levels in Landrace × Large White breed were 38.35 and 15.91 mg/100 g fat in colostrum and milk, respectively, which were significantly higher than other breeds; while no significant variations in β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were noted among different breeds. The results demonstrated that lactation stages and breeds were mainly responsible for the significant differences of phospholipids, cholesterol, and tocopherols, providing a theoretical guidance for the manufacture of commercial formula of piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this work were to characterize polyphenols and α- and γ-tocopherols in several commercial cultivars of Elaeagnus umbellate (autumn olive) berry. Acidic aqueous acetone extraction yielded the highest total phenol recovery, ranging from 190 to 275 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g fresh weight among berry cultivars. Berries were found to contain proanthocyanidins by reaction with 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde. Normal phase HPLC analysis confirmed that the total proanthocyanidin content of berries ranged from 68 to 225 catechin equivalents/100 g dry weight. Proanthocyanidins were composed of 64 to 89% polymers with degree of polymerization >10, with lesser amounts of monomers through 5-mers. Total α- and γ-tocopherol ranged between 9 and 23 mg/100 g oil. The ratio of α- to γ-tocopherol varied from ~3:1 to 10:1 among autumn olive cultivars. Thus, the presence of highly polymerized proanthocyanidins and tocopherols should be considered in formulating functional foods with autumn olive berry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective. Despite the restrictive legal regulations related to the reduction of dioxins emission, their concentration in the environment is still too high. Mainly, this is related to the illegal utilisation of electronic equipment and combustion of wastes, and also to intensified activity and maintenance of ships, especially in developing countries. The most important remaining source in Europe is the metal industry. Studies on the mechanism of impact of dioxins are still being carried out. This review points at new possibilities for limiting the molecular mechanisms of dioxins activity, inter alia, through the application of high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid while treating dioxins intoxication. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Apart from the knowledge of dioxins affinity to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the multi-stage radical-form actions and the pro-inflammatory mechanism associated with cyclooxygenase-ll enzyme (COX-2) are under intense investigation at the moment. Due to the high affinity of dioxins to animals adipose tissue and their ability to accumulate in it, they can enter the food chain. Furthermore, high dioxin doses can cause poisoning manifested as advanced clinical symptoms, whereas in smaller doses, when cumulated, can cause metabolic changes which are often difficult to associate with their presence. Recently, some serious food contaminations by dioxins have been demonstrated. Sea fish and products from contaminated aqueducts still constitute potential sources of dioxins pollution. Conclusion. According to recent studies, dioxins are present in different concentrations in the environment and cause specific and long-time effects. These effects could be limited by the use of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In search to potent natural antioxidant from plant-based metabolites, a comparative study was designed in present investigation. The antioxidant activity of various phytochemicals listed in text was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power assays (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum complex method. The level of the antioxidant activity by all three used assays was significantly (P<0.001) higher in vitamin E, ascorbic acid, curcumin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, β-carotene and ursolic acid than other. Hence, these should be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants and could be effectively employed as an ingredient in functional food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cyanobacterial blooms in fresh water bodies worldwide has become a serious environmental problem. The blooms can increase the occurrence of cyanobacterial neurotoxin, anatoxin-a, and this toxin can interact with aquatic plants and other pivotal components of aquatic ecosystems. Despite this, several questions regarding the uptake of the toxin by aquatic plants and its association with toxic effects still remain. This study investigated the uptake of anatoxin-a in relation to alterations in oxidative stress, estimated by changes in lipid peroxidation and tocopherol contents (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol), in the submerged aquatic plant, Ceratophylum demersum, at environmentally relevant concentrations. Exposure to five different concentrations of anatoxin-a (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50μgl−1) for 24h increased concentrations in C. demersum in a dose-dependent manner. All four forms of tocopherols were elevated at low concentrations of anatoxin-a (0.005. 0.05. 0.5 and 5μgl−1). However, a decline in the four tocopherol forms along with a high level of lipid peroxidation was observed at 50μgl−1 exposure dose. During 336-h exposure to 15μgl−1 anatoxin-a, rapid toxin uptake during the first 24h and subsequent steady accumulation of the toxin were observed. The four tocopherol forms increased in response to anatoxin-a uptake, attaining their maximum levels together with a significant increase of lipid peroxidation after 12 or 24h. After 24-h exposure, the four tocopherol forms decreased gradually without recovery. The results clearly indicate that anatoxin-a uptake can cause a disturbance of the oxidative stress in the aquatic plant, and depending on the concentration and exposure duration, oxidative damage occurs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on a study which determines the levels of health promoting lipophilic compounds in Lycium chinense fruits. It mentions several techniques including high performance liquid chromatography, statistical analysis and gas chromatography which are are used as the research methodologies. The result reveals the presence of carotenoids in the fruits.

The article offers information on study related to the effect of tocotrienol in tissue distribution in Rats. It informs about the study that involved providing doses of vitamin diets, tocotrienol in rats in invitro conditions. It includes information on the result of the study that presented the safe quantity of drug content of tocotrienol to be 0.02 percent to avoid any side effects by vitamin E.

Summary: Background & aims: One of the most prevalent complications of pregnancy is asthma which is associated with an increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction. The mechanisms that affect fetal development in pregnancies complicated by asthma are not clearly defined. Antioxidants are particularly important during pregnancy due to their protective role against a state of high oxidative stress as gestation progresses. The current study was designed to characterise the circulating profile of tocopherols and carotenoids in pregnant women with asthma to determine whether asthma severity and dietary intake were associated with an altered antioxidant profile. Methods: Maternal dietary intake and plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids were examined in women with (n = 84) and without asthma (n = 47) at 18, 30 and 36 weeks gestation. Tocopherol and carotenoid levels were related to fetal and birth outcomes. Results: Pregnant women with moderate/severe asthma were found to have increased plasma concentrations of total carotenoids (P < 0.05), lutein (P < 0.05 and α-tocopherol (P < 0.02) late in gestation compared to those women with mild asthma and healthy pregnant controls. Moderate/severe asthmatics had higher erythrocyte α-tocopherol quinone levels early in gestation relative to the controls (P < 0.02) but this marker of oxidative stress decreased as gestation progressed. Tocopherols and carotenoids were positively associated with birth weight centile (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the maternal system adjusts antioxidant pathways in response to the presence of a high oxidative load induced by asthma during pregnancy in an attempt to ensure continued fetal growth in an adverse environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Vitamin E is an essential nutrient that must be acquired regularly from dietary sources. It is a group of compounds consisting of tocotrienols and tocopherols. The structure of tocotrienols differs from that of tocopherols by the presence of 3 trans-double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. In this study, a reverse-phase (RP) HPLC method was used to simultaneously measure the contents of either tocopherols or tocotrienols in brown rice, and to compare these parameters among 18 indica and 16 japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. The results showed that the proportion of these vitamin E isomers differed substantially between indica and japonica rice varieties. The mean contents of vitamin E and total tocopherol were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in japonica rice than in indica rice, while the total tocotrienol content showed no difference between indica and japonica rice. The principal isomer composition of vitamin E was also different between the 2 subspecies. For example, γ-tocotrienol was the predominant component in indica rice, while the most abundant isomer was α-tocopherol in japonica rice. The ratio of total tocotrienols to tocopherols was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) in indica (1.61) than in japonica rice (0.95). Pearson''s correlation analysis demonstrated that the content of α-tocopherol was positively correlated to that of α-tocotrienol in rice. The same relationship was observed for γ-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol, but there was a negative correlation between α- and γ-isomers. Taken together, the results provide valuable information for studying the vitamin E metabolism or nutritional improvement in rice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study that aims to elucidate the effect of dietary vitamin E deficiency on anxiety-like behavior in juvenile and adult rats. It highlights the importance of vitamin E for mammals that functions as a lipid-soluble antioxidant where its deficiency may result to progressive neurological syndrome ataxia in both humans and animals. Results from behavioral analysis confirm that the deficiency has triggered anxiety due to an elevated corticosterone concentration.

The article presents information on study which investigatd the effects of selenium and tocopherol supplementation on the efficacy of diminazene aceturate in reversing Trypanosoma brucei-induced anemia in rats. Findings showed significant reductions in the pack cell volumes (PCV) of infected rats were caused by Trypanosoma brucei by day seven post-infection (PI). It also compares the efficacy of the combination of diminazene/tocopherol over diminazene alone.

Abstract: In this paper, the study of various ortho and meta-substituted chroman-6-ol derivatives is presented. The Ossociation enthalpies (BDE) related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism of the phenolic antioxidants action, for studied molecules were calculated using DFT/B3LYP method. Calculated BDEs for meta-substituted molecules were correlated with Hammett constants and calculated results indicate that dependence of BDE on Hammett constants of the substituents is linear. Comparison of BDEs of the studied molecules with non-substituted chroman-6-ol indicates that electron-withdrawing groups increase BDEs. On the contrary, electron-donating groups reduce BDE values. Furthermore, results for meta-substituted molecules show that calculated BDEs can be correlated with the lengths of phenolic C the studied molecules successfully. For meta-substituted molecules, the computed results also show that BDEs linearly depend on the partial charge on the phenoxy radical oxygen q(O). In comparison to the gas phase, the effect of studied substituents on the BDEs for meta position was increased in water phase, while in the two ortho positions it was decreased in water phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Although the cardioprotective effects of supplemental doses of vitamin E have been investigated in several conditions, its role in gonadectomy-induced fatty lesion formation is unclear. The present study was designed to examine the efficacy of vitamin E in a dose-dependent manner on indices of oxidative stress and in preventing the formation of aortic fatty lesions in orchidectomized (Orx) aged rats. Methods: Forty 12-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or Orx and fed a semi-purified control diet for 120 days. Thereafter, rats were assigned to four treatment groups (n=10): Sham and one Orx group received 75 IU vitamin E and served as controls, and the other two Orx groups received either 250 or 500 ¡U vitamin E per kg diet for 90 days. Results: Vitamin E at the highest dose (500 IU) was able to lower serum total cholesterol by 16% and significantly increase Superoxide dismutase by 9% compared to Orx controls. Similarly, this dose was able to significantly reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesion formation and aortic fatty streak area by 93% compared to Orx controls. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that dietary vitamin E supplementation in Orx aged rats provide anti-atherogenic effects, in part, due to vitamin Es antioxidativeproperties. Clinical studies are needed to confirm whether supplemental doses of vitamin E can prevent the development of atherosclerosis in older men particularly with low testosterone level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of the cosmeceutical industry, numerous formulations have surfaced with claims of reducing the clinical manifestations of photoaging. Many of these products capitalize on the positive connection the public makes with vitamins, especially with respect to their antioxidant capabilities. An impressive amount of basic science and clinical research has been conducted in both an attempt to discover novel strategies for preventing detrimental sun damage and to validate the addition of vitamins to skin care products. As dermatologists, it will be essential to provide our patients with substantiated counseling regarding the efficacy of commercial assertions. In this review, we will systematically examine the evidence supporting the use of vitamins in oral and topical formulations and provide a brief summary of the pathogenesis of photoaging. Limitations of this study include that there may be unpublished data or additional studies that may have been overlooked in our comprehensive review of this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which investigated the effects of vitamin E on bone formation and bone remodeling including osteoblast differentiation in rats. The study found that α-tocopherol treatment decreased the expression of osteocalcin mRNA in newborn rats from their progenitor to mature cells producing calcified bone matrix. The authors determined the inhibition of the differentiation to the osteoblasts producing osteoid, but not of the differentiation to the osteoblasts producing the calcified bone matrix.

Abstract: The lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E was used as a surface modifier (or coating agent) of hollow-fiber hemodialyzer membranes with the aim of increasing their biocompatibility and preventing oxidative stress, which are the main clinical drawbacks in hemodialysis (HD) therapy. At present, the redox chemistry of vitamin E-modified dialyzers is not well characterized and there is no standard method to assess the antioxidant capacity of these biomembranes under conditions that simulate those observed during HD therapy. With this study, we developed an original online method to determine the antioxidant capacity of vitamin E-modified dialyzer membranes during circulation experiments. This method is based on a spectrophotometric assay known as the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The principle of FRAP and its application to the qualitative and quantitative assessment of miniaturized polysulfone (PS)-based vitamin E-modified dialyzers (PS-VE) were verified by the accurate in vitro analysis of the iron-catalyzed oxidation of vitamin E. The antioxidant capacity of miniaturized PS-VE samples assessed in this study was of 14.5μM Fe2+, which corresponded to the transformation of nearly one-third of the vitamin E bound to the hollow-fiber membrane to its oxidation end product α-tocopherol quinone. This method shows good reproducibility and intra- and inter-assay precision, and can be easily adapted to determine the redox activity of every type of vitamin E-modified dialyzers during technological investigation, manufacturing control and clinical research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Although the beneficial effects of vitamin E on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), have been suggested by epidemiological and animal studies, clinical trials have failed to confirm the efficacy of vitamin E. Vitamin E has a defined role as an antioxidant. Recent studies indicate non-antioxidant roles of vitamin E serving as a regulator of gene/protein expression and enzyme inhibitor. Vitamin E may control ROS generation possibly in both antioxidant-dependent and independent manners, since vitamin E has shown inhibitory effects on activities and expression of ROS generating enzymes. However, the effects of vitamin E appear to depend on microenvironment, such as its concentration and the presence of oxidants/antioxidants. The objective of this article is to review the roles of vitamin E, in particular vitamin E-modulated gene expression, for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of vitamin E and for preventive and therapeutic strategies of ROS-related diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Wheat germ oil (WGO) contains high amounts of tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoids. The high amount of unsaturated fatty acid content of WGO increases sensitivity to oxidative degradation. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of WGO microencapsulation in buttermilk (BM) to prevent oxidative degradation. A mixture consisting of WGO:BM (1:2) and water (60%) was emulsified by a high-pressure homogenizer, and then freeze-dried. Both bulk and microencapsulated WGO samples were kept at 60 °C for 24 days to evaluate oxidative stability, changes in contents of tocopherol, phytosterol, and carotenoid. Peroxide and p-anisidine values of microencapsulated WGO were significantly lower than the bulk WGO throughout the storage days (p < 0.05). Similarly, tocopherols, phytosterols, and carotenoid contents degraded less in microencapsulated WGO than those in bulk WGO (p < 0.05). Improved stability of the sensitive compounds in WGO through microencapsulation can extend the potential use of WGO's as a functional ingredient in food formulations. [Display omitted] • Buttermilk was successfully used for microencapsulation of wheat germ oil. • The highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved with core to wall ratio of 1:2. • Peroxide and p-anisidine values of microencapsulated oil were lower during storage. • Microencapsulation can prevent the degradation of phytochemicals present in the oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: A positive correlation between intake of antioxidants including vitamins E and C on bone mass has been established by a number of investigators. The present study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which higher doses of vitamin E than normal dose (75 IU per kg diet) can reverse bone loss in aged osteopenic orchidectomized male rats. Methods. Forty 12-month old male Sprague- Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or orchidectomized (Orx), and fed control diet for 120 days to establish bone loss. Thereafter, rats were assigned to their corresponding treatment groups (n=- 10 per group): Sham and one Orx groups received 75 IU vitamin E and served as controls, and the other two Orx groups received either 250 or 500 IU vitamin E per kg diet for 90 days. Results: Higher doses of vitamin E did not improve bone mineral density (BMD) or content (BMC) of whole body, femur and lumbar vertebra or alter the orchidectomy-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture of the distal femur metaphysis in comparison with Orx controls that received adequate vitamin E. Biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption, i.e. serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, were also unaffected by vitamin E supplementation. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that supplemental doses of vitamin E do not increase BMD values in male rat model of osteoporosis. However, human studies are needed to confirm the population findings indicating that individuals with higher vitamin E intake have higher bone mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]