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This paper presents the outcomes of the settlement profile of granular piles made with recycled aggregates reinforced in soft clay. The finite element analysis was applied to analyze the load-settlement response and time-dependent excess pore water pressure profile with variation in geometry of enhanced granular pile. Various sectional soil stratum cases have been examined, including variation in the spacing of granular piles on homogenous ground conditions and variation in both spacing and sectional shape. The investigation reveals that the increment in pile spacing leads to an increase in the peak of excess pore water pressure profile for all the materials. Moreover, increasing the penetration of granular piles improves the dissipation rate and load-carrying capacity. The outcome prevails that the lowest excess pore water pressure was recorded for recycled brick and the highest for recycled concrete aggregate. Similarly, the comparisons were also shown for limestone, marble, granite, and sandstone. The results of this investigation were suitable for soft soil improvement in filler materials and load-bearing structures.

This research article focuses on numerical analysis to compare settlement response and suitability of alternate materials of the granular pile under varying loads. Numerical studies have been performed to study load–settlement behavior of granular pile in alternate materials using finite element numerical modeling PLAXIS 3d software. A finite element-based program is also created for parametric studies to forecast the outcomes. The alternate materials composed of eight recycled materials: lightweight expanded clay aggregates, brick, sandstone, calcareous stone such as marble and limestone, glass, and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and granite. The design charts at various loads of stress concentration ratio and settlement reduction ratios demonstrate that marble has the highest stress concentration ratio among the other materials. Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) has the lowest stress concentration ratio under 100 kPa. In addition, an inclusive carbon footprint reveals sandstone has the lowest value of 64 kgCO2/tonne. The findings are acceptable for bearable load structures and filler materials in the soft soil improvement.

This study deals with numerical investigation of soil reinforced with granular pile to achieve minimum settlement ground condition under different loadings. The correct utilization of stone aggregates is one of the key goals of this study. For parametric study, finite element approach is used to analyze granular pile with six recycled materials: brick, recycled concrete aggregate, sandstone, granite, limestone, and marble. FEM-based program has been developed to predict the results, i.e., the settlement response of granular pile, variation of stress concentration ratio with modular ratio, and variation of settlement reduction ratio with modular ratio for different values of penetration of granular pile. For alternate materials, stress concentration ratio and settlement reduction ratio at different surcharges has been shown. The degree of carbon footprint for alternate materials are also displayed. It was discovered that marble has maximum stress concentration ratio and minimum settlement reduction ratio, whereas crushed brick has minimum stress concentration ratio under 150 kPa. The inclusion carbon footprint displays that the maximum embodied carbon (kgCO2/ton) is employed for crushed brick of 220. The outcomes are suitable for soft soil improvement works as a regular aggregate in load bearing, filling, and infiltrating materials.