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ABSTRACTThis paper uses an autoethnographic case study to analyse the difficulties inherent in the professional journey from bioscience researcher to research-informed, reflective bioscience teacher. This is viewed through a philosophy of becoming. The major demand placed upon the academic to achieve this transition is seen as the conscious adoption of a perspective that embraces epistemological pluralism – also described as post-abyssal thinking. This recognises the value of alternative epistemological views and the way they can contribute to professional development. An explicit recognition of this challenge may provide a tool to support bioscience researchers to become integrated academics and relieve some of the tensions that exist, for example between teaching and research.

Deciphering the exact electronic and geometric changes of photoexcited molecules is an important task not only to understand the fundamental atomistic mechanisms but also to rationally design molecular properties and functions. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process in hemithioindigo photoswitches. Using ultrafast transient IR spectroscopy as the main analytical method, a detailed understanding of the extent and direction of charge transfer within the excited molecule is obtained. At the same time, the geometrical distortion is monitored directly via changes of indicative vibrational modes over the time course of the photoreaction. These high-resolution data deliver a detailed molecular movie of the TICT process in this important class of chromophores with picosecond time resolution.

Purpose: Concept maps have been described as a valuable tool for exploring curriculum knowledge. However, less attention has been given to the use of them to visualise contested and tacit knowledge, i.e. the values and perceptions of teachers that underpin their practice. This paper aims to explore the use of concept mapping to uncover academics’ views and help them articulate their perspectives within the framework provided by the concepts of pedagogic frailty and resilience in a collaborative environment. Design/methodology/approach: Participants were a group of five colleagues within a Biochemical Science Department, working on the development of a new undergraduate curriculum. A qualitative single-case study was conducted to get some insights on how concept mapping might scaffold each step of the collaborative process. They answered the online questionnaire; their answers were “translated” into an initial expert-constructed concept map, which was offered as a starting point to articulate their views during a group session, resulting in a consensus map. Findings: Engaging with the questionnaire was useful for providing the participants with an example of an “excellent” map, sensitising them to the core concepts and the possible links between them, without imposing a high level of cognitive load. This fostered dialogue of complex ideas, introducing the potential benefits of consensus maps in team-based projects. Originality/value: An online questionnaire may facilitate the application of the pedagogic frailty model for academic development by scaling up the mapping process. The map-mediated facilitation of dialogue within teams of academics may facilitate faculty development by making explicit the underpinning values held by team members.

Die sogenannte Forschungsdokumentation stellt für die fachwissenschaftliche Forschung über die Hand- und Druckschriftenbestände der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (BSB) ein unverzichtbares und somit stark nachgefragtes Hilfsmittel dar, das seit nunmehr sechseinhalb Jahrzehnten unterhalten und kontinuierlich ausgebaut wird. Die seit 2004 verfügbare Datenbank ist Anfang 2015 in einer neuen, technisch deutlich verbesserten Version unter der Adresse https://hsslit.bsb-muenchen.de zugänglich gemacht worden. Dabei galt es, sowohl auf die enorm gestiegenen Nutzererwartungen der Fachcommunity zu reagieren, als auch auf die vorhandenen personellen Ressourcen im Bibliotheksbereich eine Antwort zu finden und somit auch die Mitarbeiterperspektive entsprechend zu berücksichtigen. Trotz aller Anpassungen an die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Bibliothek hat diese technische Lösung einen gewissen Modellcharakter.

The purpose of this study is to review recent evidence for the role of the cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) as central regulators of whole-body metabolic control.

The plastic limit load is an important feature of the S‐N curve. The classical way of plastic limit load calculation using elastic‐ideal plastic material behaviour is restricted to one location of the component. Complex components normally have several fatigue critical locations, for all of them the local plastic limit loads has to be determined. By the classical way the plastic limit load can be evaluated only for one of them. A new method is presented. The local plastic notch factor Kpand the corresponding plastic limit loads are calculated applying Neuber's rule to FE calculations with plastic hardening material. The new method is validated on the basis of six different notched specimens. The need and capability is exemplarily shown on a specimen with two competing failure locations.

Carburizing generates different material properties and residual stresses in the carburized layer. A material mechanics based model for endurance prediction of carburized steel components has been developed, in which thin walled tubes are used under cyclic internal and monotonic external pressures allow the determination of the material properties of the carburized layers. An unexpected independence of endurance and mean stress sensitivity from carbon content and hardness has been found, contrary to existing scientific knowledge. Component like specimens were tested to validate the endurance prediction model. The deviations of the predictions from the experiment are in the range of ±8 percent.

Für ein werkstoffmechanisches Dauerfestigkeitskonzept für einsatzgehärtete Bauteile sind experimentell abgesicherte Dauerfestigkeitswerte für die unterschiedlich aufgekohlten Werkstoffbereiche erforderlich. Bei den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen wurden Rohrproben entwickelt, bei denen durch Niederdruckaufkohlen im Prüfquerschnitt vorausberechnete, homogene Kohlenstoffgehalte erzeugt wurden. Diese Werkstoffproben gestatten es, den Einfluss des Kohlenstoffgehaltes bzw. der Härte auf Dauerfestigkeit, Streuung und Mittelspannungsempfindlichkeit explizit experimentell zu ermitteln. Für die Ermüdungsversuche wurde an einen Innendruckprüfstand ein zweiter Druckübersetzer zur Erzeugung von statischem Außendruck adaptiert. Mit diesem Prüfkonzept kann das Spannungsverhältnis im Prüfquerschnitt der Rohrprobe frei eingestellt werden. Als Versuchswerkstoff wurde der Stahl 20MnCrB5 eingesetzt und Proben mit durch Aufkohlen erzeugten homogenen Kohlenstoffgehalten von 0,18%, 0,40%, 0,55% und 0,70% untersucht. Die Hauptbeanspruchungsrichtung in der druckbelasteten Probe ist senkrecht zur Hauptumformrichtung des Ausgangsmaterials (Stabstahl). Die ermittelten Dauerfestigkeiten zeigen keine Abhängigkeit von der Härte und sind maßgeblich beeinflusst durch die Wirkung von großen Einschlüssen.

This paper gives an overview of the research in fatigue of high pressure loaded components. In the last 20 years the main research was carried out in Germany. This research was mainly driven by the fatigue requirements for high pressure loaded Diesel engine injection parts as common rails, injectors and pipes.

Precious bacterium: Biologically produced palladium nanoparticles bound to a cell membrane participated in electron‐transport pathways as well as electrocatalysis on an electrode surface (see picture). Periplasmic hydrogenases ([FeFe]) and cytochromes (Cyt) may be involved in the processes.

Veredeltes Bakterium: Biologisch hergestellte Palladiumnanopartikel an einer Zellmembran nehmen sowohl an Elektronentransportwegen als auch an Elektrokatalyse an einer Elektrodenoberfläche teil (siehe Bild). Periplasmatische Hydrogenasen ([FeFe]) und Cytochrome (Cyt) sind möglicherweise an diesen Prozessen beteiligt.

Experimental and analytical investigations of constant and variable amplitude fatigue life of not autofrettaged and autofrettaged components have been performed. In variable amplitude loading the new standardised COmmonRAilLoad sequence CORALhas been used as well as twoleveltests with small cycles at high mean stresses interrupted by large cycles for the evaluation of load sequence effects. The results of the two level tests show that small cycles with amplitudes far below the fatigue limit cause fatigue damage. Life calculations have been performed according to the nominal stress approach with SNcurves and improved Miner’s Rule, linearelastic fracture mechanics with 3Dweight functions,elasticplastic fracture mechanics applying an extended strip yieldmodel, and explicit 3DFEsimulation of fatigue crack growth with predefined crack fronts.All approaches are appropriate for predicting realistic variable amplitude lives. From a practical point of view the explicit 3DFEsimulation of fatigue crack growth is too timeconsuming. However, such simulations show that the approaches based on linearelastic fracture mechanics and elasticplastic fracture mechanics with extended strip yieldmodel capture the essential physics of fatigue crack growth in a realistic way.

Werkstoffkennwerte beschreiben quantitativ relevante Werkstoffeigenschaften. Behandelt werden im Beitrag schwingfestigkeitsrelevante Kennwerte und ihre Verfügbarkeit, Herkunft sowie Eignung für die Anwendung und Übertragbarkeit auf das Bauteil. Es wird nur auf die praxisrelevanten Methoden, d.h. auf das Nennspannungskonzept und auf das Örtliche Konzept, eingegangen. Der statische Bruch, die obere Begrenzung der Wöhlerlinie, kann mithilfe der Kennwerte aus dem normierten Zugversuch berechnet werden. Die Übertragbarkeit in der Dauerfestigkeit bei rein wechselnder Belastung wird erörtert. Für nicht rein wechselnde Belastung wird, aufbauend auf die Mittelspannungsempfindlichkeit nach FKM-Richtlinie, ein für das Örtliche Konzept geeigneter Schädigungsparameter vorgestellt.

The Weakest-Link model is based on defects that are statistically distributed within the material with local stress. The failure at least at one defect causes the failure of the total structure. Based on this model, the so-called statistic size effect can be evaluated in the case of cyclic loading and in the case of static loading the failure behaviour of ferritic steel within the brittle fracture range is highlighted. The application of the Weakest-Link model requires the allocation of the local characteristics - surface and / or volume - to the discrete points of the stress. By using the method “SPIEL” which is independent from the FE code used, the allocation of couples of values -surface and stress and / or volume and stress - by a suitable choice of unit load cases is possible. In consequence of the method “SPIEL” particularities are to be taken into consideration. In the present paper these particularities will be described exemplarily for the FE programs ABAQUS1 and ANSYS2.

We report on the first detection of vibrationally labelled compounds by Raman micro‐spectroscopy in living cells and demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for bioanalysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Schwingfestigkeitskennwerte können auf Bauteile anderer Form und Größe mit Hilfe des statistischen Größeneinflusses übertragen werden. Zur Charakterisierung der Größe des hochbeanspruchten Bauteilbereiches wird das Spannungsintegral verwendet. Erfolgt die Ermittlung des Spannungsintegrals durch ein Finite Elemente (FE) Programm, ist die notwendige Zuordnung von Oberfläche oder Volumen zu den Stützstellen der Spannung nur durch spezielle FE-Postprozessoren möglich. Diese unterliegen Einschränkungen bezüglich der Wahl des FE-Programms, der Elemente sowie des Integrationsbereiches (Oberfläche, Volumen). Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, welche die Zuordnung der Wertepaare Oberfläche und Spannung bzw. Volumen und Spannung durch eine geeignete Wahl von Einheitslastfällen ermöglicht. Mit den erhaltenen Wertepaaren erfolgt die numerische Integration. Diese Methode der Spannungsintegralermittlung aus Einheitslastfällen (SPIEL) ist nicht an ein spezielles FE-Programm gebunden.

Die Autofrettage ist ein Verfahren zur Steigerung der Dauerfestigkeit innendruckbelasteter Bauteile. Dabei wird die Dauerfestigkeitssteigerung durch stehenbleibende Risse bestimmt. Im vorgestellten Konzept wird zunächst die mittlere Dauerfestigkeit abgeschätzt. Am Beispiel einer 90° Bohrungsverschneidung wird dieser Schritt erläutert und anhand von experimentellen Ergebnissen validiert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Dauerfestigkeiten für geringe Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten vorhergesagt.

Die Autofrettage ist ein Verfahren zur Steigerung der Dauerfestigkeit innendruckbelasteter Bauteile. Dabei wird die Dauerfestigkeitssteigerung durch stehenbleibende Risse bestimmt. Im vorgestellten Konzept wird zunächst die mittlere Dauerfestigkeit abgeschätzt. Am Beispiel einer 90° Bohrungsverschneidung wird dieser Schritt erläutert und anhand von experimentellen Ergebnissen validiert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Dauerfestigkeiten für geringe Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten vorhergesagt.

Intestinal enterocytes contain high concentrations of two cytosolic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP), liver FABP (L-FABP) and intestinal FABP (I-FABP), which are hypothesized to play a role in cellular fatty acid trafficking. The mechanism(s) by which fatty acids move from membranes to each of these proteins is not known. Here we demonstrate that fluorescent anthroyloxy fatty acid analogues (AOFA) are transferred from phospholipid vesicles to L-FABP versus I-FABP by different mechanisms. For L-FABP a diffusion-mediated transfer process is demonstrated. The AOFA transfer rate from phosphatidylcholine-containing vesicles (POPC) to L-FABP is similar to that observed with another diffusional process, namely inter-membrane AOFA transfer. Furthermore, the AOFA transfer rate was modulated by buffer ionic strength and AOFA solubility, while the transfer rate remained relatively unchanged by the presence of anionic phospholipids in vesicles. In contrast, the data for I-FABP suggest that a transient collisional interaction of I-FABP with the phospholipid membrane occurs during AOFA extraction from the vesicles by the protein. In particular, the presence of the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin in donor vesicles increased the rate of AOFA transfer to I-FABP by 15-fold compared with transfer to POPC vesicles. The effects of ionic strength on transfer suggest that the interaction of I-FABP with cardiolipin-containing vesicles is likely to contain an electrostatic component. Finally, based on the regulation of AOFA transfer to I-FABP compared with transfer from I-FABP, it is hypothesized that apo- and holo-I-FABPs adopt conformations which may differentially promote I-FABP-membrane interactions.In summary, the results suggest that I-FABP, but not L-FABP, can directly extract fatty acids from membranes, supporting the concept that I-FABP may increase the cytosolic flux of fatty acids via intermembrane transfer.

We define uniformly spread sets as point sets in d-dimensional Euclidean space that are wobbling equivalent to the standard lattice ℤd. A linear image φ(ℤd) of ℤd is shown to be uniformly spread if and only if det(φ) = 1. Explicit geometrical and number-theoretical constructions are given. In 2-dimensional Euclidean space we obtain bounds for the wobbling distance for rotations, shearings and stretchings that are close to optimal. Our methods also allow us to analyse the discrepancy of certain billiards. Finally, we take a look at paradoxical situations and exhibit recursive point sets that are wobbling equivalent, but not recursively so.

Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is able to bind a wide range of non-polar anionic ligands, including lysophospholipids. In order to understand the nature of lysophospholipid interactions with liver FABP, the binding of natural lysophospholipids and two fluorescent analogues, N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalenesulphonyl)-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (dansyl lysoPE) and 1-(O-[11-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-sulphonyl)amino]undecyl)-sn-glycero -3- phosphocholine (dansyl-C11-lysoPAF), has been investigated. The results confirmed the ability of liver FABP to bind lysophospholipids with KD values in the range of 1-2 microM, and a 1:1 binding stoichiometry was indicated. Binding of fluorescent lysophospholipids was enhanced with the FABP mutant, R122Q, possibly due to increased flexibility of the binding cavity as a result of reduced hydrogen-bonding constraints. The fluorescent lysophospholipids also bound to albumin, with KD values in the range 0.1-1.0 microM, and could be displaced by oleic acid. The fluorescence characteristics of the dansyl lysophospholipid analogue dansyl-C11-lyso-PAF suggested that this probe binds to the same site(s) on albumin as the fluorescent fatty acid probe 11-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-sulphonylamino)-undecanoic acid (DAUDA).

Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein is able to accommodate a wide range of non-polar anions in addition to long-chain fatty acids. The two arginine residues of rat liver fatty acid-binding protein, Arg122 and Arg126, have been mutated and the effect of mutation on ligand binding investigated. No significant decrease in affinity for the fluorescent fatty acid analogue, 11-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalenesulphonyl amino)undecanoic acid, or oleate was observed. However, the apparent affinity for oleoyl-CoA was slightly increased with the mutations Ala122 and Gln122 such that oleoyl-CoA rather than oleate became the preferred ligand for these mutants. Small changes in protein stability were observed with the Arg122 mutations. The lack of notable ionic involvement of the conserved internal residue Arg122 in ligand binding is consistent with the hypothesis that the mode of ligand binding in liver fatty acid-binding protein is markedly different from that of other members of this lipid-binding protein family.

The binding of monoacylglycerides of long-chain fatty acids to human serum albumin has been examined using monooleoylglycerol as the ligand. Binding was investigated using changes in tryptophan fluorescence and also the displacement of a variety of well-studied fluorescent ligands from human serum albumin (HSA). Monooleoylglycerol caused a decrease in fluorescence from tryptophan-214 when measured at 350 nm while oleic acid had no effect on fluorescence at this wavelength and did not compete with monooleoylglycerol. In contrast, oleic acid caused an increase in fluorescence at 330 nm whereas monooleoylglycerol did not affect fluorescence intensity at this wavelength. These results suggest that these two ligands do not bind to the same site on HSA. From competition studies using dansylglycine, dansylsarcosine, 11-(dansylamino)-undecanoic acid and 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid it was proposed that monooleoylglycerol binds at the dansylsarcosine site (site II) of HSA. Monooleoylglycerol was a competitive inhibitor of dansylsarcosine binding with a Kd of about 2.5 microM whereas oleic acid was not competitive with dansylsarcosine binding.

The physiological role of liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) has yet to be clarified. An important feature of this member of the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins is the wide range of compounds that have been identified as potential physiological ligands. By using recombinant L-FABP, the binding of cholesterol, bile salts and their derivatives has been investigated under conditions that allow a direct comparison of the binding affinities of these ligands for fatty acids. The results demonstrate an inability of L-FABP to bind cholesterol, although the anionic derivative, cholesteryl sulphate, will bind under similar assay conditions. Of the bile salts examined, lithocholate and taurolithocholate sulphate showed the greatest binding to L-FABP. It is proposed that an important function of L-FABP is to bind certain physiological amphipathic anions, thus preventing the ‘free’ concentrations of these compounds from exceeding their critical micelle concentration, which could result in cell damage.

Rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is able to accommodate a wide range of non-polar anions in addition to long-chain fatty acids. This property means that the liver protein is functionally different from other FABPs from intestine, muscle and adipose tissue that have a more restricted ligand specificity and stoichiometry. The availability of crystal structures for the latter proteins has highlighted the importance of two arginine residues that are involved in the binding of the fatty acid carboxylate. Only one of these arginine residues, arginine-122, is conserved in liver FABP, whereas the other arginine, at position 102, is replaced by a threonine. In order to gain further insight into the nature of ligand interactions with liver FABP these key residues (102 and 122) have been changed by site-directed mutagenesis. The results with an R122Q mutant highlight the critical role of this arginine in determining ligand affinity, while similar but less dramatic effects were observed with the T102Q mutant. The double mutant T102Q/R122Q was expressed but had lost the ability to bind fluorescent ligands. It is concluded that Arg-122 plays a role in accommodating the carboxylate group of at least one fatty acid. It is proposed that physiological ligands with more bulky headgroups, such as lysophospholipids, acyl-CoA and mono-olein, bind with the headgroups in a solvent-exposed location near the portal region of the protein. The portal region is suggested to be more flexible in the mutants (R122Q and to a lesser extent T102Q). The net result is that the ligand specificity of the R122Q mutant changes to that of a protein with enhanced affinity for acyl-CoA, lysophospholipids and mono-olein.

The binding of lysophospholipids to rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and to BSA and human serum albumin was investigated by using competitive displacement fluorescence assays by monitoring the displacement of the fluorescent fatty acid probe 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA). In addition, direct binding assays using changes in tryptophan fluorescence were possible with albumin. Liver FABP was able to bind a range of lysophospholipids, oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (lysoPA), oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE) and oleoyl-lysophosphatidylglycerol, with similar affinity and a Kd of about 1 microM. Liver FABP was also able to bind lysophospholipids generated by the action of phospholipase A2 or phospholipase A1 (triacylglycerol lipase) on phospholipid vesicles. A possible physiological role for liver FABP in lysophospholipid metabolism within the cell is discussed. Albumin was shown to bind lysoPA with higher affinity than either lysoPC or lysoPE, and the initial minimal DAUDA displacement by lysoPA indicated that lysoPA was binding to the primary high-affinity fatty acid-binding sites on albumin and that, like oleic acid, about 3 mol of ligand/mol was bound to these sites. Kd values in the microM range were indicated for lysoPC and lysoPE, whereas, by comparison with oleic acid, the Kd for lysoPA was significantly lower and high-affinity binding in the nM range was indicated. Overall, the data suggest that, because of structural similarity, lysoPA binds to albumin in a similar manner to long-chain fatty acids.

Rat liver fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) does not contain tryptophan. Three mutant proteins have been produced in which a single tryptophan residue has been inserted by site-directed mutagenesis at positions 3 (F3W), 18 (F18W) and 69 (C69W). These tryptophans have been strategically located in order to provide fluorescent reporter groups to study the binding and structural characteristics of rat liver FABP. Two fluorescent fatty acid analogues, DAUDA (11-[(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1- sulphonyl)amino]undecanoic acid) and 3-[p-(6-phenyl)-hexa-1,3,5-trienyl]phenylpropionic acid, showed no significant difference in binding affinities for the different mutant proteins, although maximum fluorescence values were decreased for F3W and increased for C69W. These findings were confirmed by studies of DAUDA displacement by oleate. Protein-denaturation studies in the presence of urea indicated subtle differences for the three mutants which could be explained by multiple unfolding pathways. Fatty acid binding increased tryptophan fluorescence emission in the case of the F18W protein, but had no effect on the F3W and C69W proteins. Fluorescence quenching studies with 2-bromopalmitate showed that a fatty acid carboxylate is close to the tryptophan in the F18W protein. Energy-transfer studies showed that the fluorescent moiety of DAUDA is equidistant from the three mutated amino acids and is bound within the beta-clam solvent cavity of liver FABP. This interpretation of the fluorescence quenching and energy-transfer data supports the difference in ligand orientation between intestinal and liver FABP observed in previous studies.

Pollinator movements and pollen-mediated gene dispersal were quantified in experimental populations of square-stemmed monkeyflower (Mimulus ringens), a wetland perennial herb with a mixed-mating system. Each population consisted of genets with unique multilocus combinations of homozygous genotypes, facilitating assignment of paternity to all sampled seeds. Replicate arrays were planted at each of three spacings spanning the range of densities typically observed in natural M. ringens populations. In all six arrays the distribution of gene dispersal distances differed significantly from the distribution of pollinator flight movements. The mean gene dispersal distance was 1.46 times as far as the mean pollinator flight distance. These differences were probably caused by pollen carryover as bumblebees visited up to 12 M. ringens plants on a single foraging trip. Although gene movements exceeded pollinator flight distances, estimates of neighbourhood size were consistently low, ranging from 1.66 to 5.53. Therefore, high levels of random local genetic differentiation are likely in this species.Heredity (1995) 75, 612–617; doi:10.1038/hdy.1995.180

The influence of population density on pollinator movements and outcrossing rates was studied in experimental arrays of Mimulus ringens (square-stemmed monkeyflower), a wetland perennial species with a mixed-mating system. Each population was composed of genets with unique multi-locus combinations of homozygous genotypes, facilitating determination of outcrossing rates through paternity exclusion. Replicate arrays were cloned from the same set of genets to minimize differences in floral and vegetative morphology among density treatments. Two arrays were planted at each of three spacings typical of the range of densities found in natural M. ringens populations. Both the proportion of pollinator flights between plants and the frequency of outcrossing were significantly greater at high density. These results suggest that ecological and demographic factors, such as population density, can significantly influence levels of inbreeding in species with mixed-mating systems.Heredity (1995) 75, 175–180; doi:10.1038/hdy.1995.121

Red-light responsiveness of photoswitches is a highly desired property for many important application areas such as biology or material sciences. The main approach to elicit this property uses strategic substitution of long-known photoswitch motives such as azobenzenes or diarylethenes. Only very few photoswitches possess inherent red-light absorption of their core chromophore structures. Here, we present a strategy to convert the long-known purple indirubin dye into a prolific red-light-responsive photoswitch. In a supramolecular approach, its photochromism can be changed from a negative to a positive one, while at the same time, significantly higher yields of the metastable E-isomer are obtained upon irradiation. E- to Z-photoisomerization can then also be induced by red light of longer wavelengths. Indirubin therefore represents a unique example of reversible photoswitching using entirely red light for both switching directions.

Les sarcomes de la main souffrent fréquemment d’un retard de diagnostic et les recommandations actuelles pour leur prise en charge ne sont souvent pas suivies.

A perceptual illusion provides the sensation of complex bionic hand movements to human amputees, allowing real-time movement control without the necessity of vision.

Phytochemical analyses of the bulbs of Eucomis vandermerweiand E. zambesiacayielded homoisoflavonoids and triterpenoid derivatives. A new (17S*,23S*)-epoxy-3β,15β,29-trihydroxy-27-norlanost-8-en-24-one) was isolated from E. zambesiaca. Resnova humifusayielded homoisoflavonoids, and a tetrahydropyran derivative, 2-methyl-3-(4S*,5R*,7S*-trihydroxy-8S*-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-6H-4-pyranyl)-2-propenoic acid. All compounds were assayed for COX-2 inhibition of cyclooxygenase; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-3-(4′-methoxybenzyl)-4-chromanone was found to have significant activity.