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• There is no study has been conducted on an adult nephrotic syndrome (NS) population and ocular changes. This is important because it is the first study to show the effects on ocular changes in NS patients with preserved kidney functions. • In this study, a significant negative correlation was found between creatinine, BUN and CCT. This result showed the importance of including NS patients with preserved renal function, in terms of evaluating the effect of glomerulonephritis on ocular changes alone. • Kidney glomeruli and the choroid have comparable designs and vascular organizations. The results of the current study showed a significant difference between the NS group and the control group in terms of some ocular changes (i.e., CFT and RAC). These results also support the similarity between kidney and eye. • In conclusion, CCT, CFT and RAC measurements with OCT may be used as a marker of inflammation in NS patients. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of central choroidal thickness (CCT) and retinal thickness have been proposed as inflammatory indicators for a variety of systemic disorders, particularly those with a vascular component. The relationship between nephrotic syndrome (NS) and visual impairment is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular changes in primary NS patients with preserved renal functions. A total of 60 participants (30 NS patients, 30 healthy control subjects) was recruited in this cross-sectional and comparative study. Retinal and choroidal examinations were performed via the spectral domain OCT. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode of the OCT was used for choroidal analysis. Although not statistically significant, CCT was found to be higher in the NS group compared to the control group (p = 0.07). Central foveal thickness (CFT) and retinal arteriolar caliber (RAC) values were statistically significantly lower in the patients with nephrotic syndrome, whereas retinal venular caliber (RVC) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) values were similar in both groups. RAC and RVC were not statistically significantly correlated with CCT or CFT in both groups (p > 0.05). The results of the current study showed a significant difference between the NS group and the control group in terms of some ocular changes (i.e., CFT and RAC). As a result, CCT, CFT and RAC measurements with OCT may be used as a marker of inflammation in NS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One of the most important works after an earthquake is the permanent housing practices. In these practices, in order to provide user satisfaction it is necessary to take the user need and the design criteria depending on it into consideration. Permanent housing must, above meeting the basic accommodation need, provide the psychologically, socially and economically damaged people''s various expectations from the built environment where they will lead their lives for a long time. This study aims to determine the problems that were come up against in use phase in Kocaeli Gundogdu Permanent Housing model, built after the 17 August 1999 Marmara Earthquake and was chosen as the study field; and to get the results that could form data for the design and application of permanent housing that will be needed to be made after a possible earthquake. Through this data, applications that will reduce the possible problems and increase user satisfaction and provide economic comfort to the users can be developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]