1. Green and proficient process for industrial-scale preparation of Gymnema sylvestre standardized-extract enriched with Gymnemic acids through polymer-matrix-adsorption to reduce hyperglycemia.
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Kumar, Deepak, Singh, Vipin Kumar, Yadav, Narayan Prasad, Tandon, Sudeep, Shanker, Karuna, Chanotiya, Chandan Singh, Kumar, Narendra, Khare, Puja, Pal, Anirban, Chanda, Debabrata, Saikia, Dharmendra, Hussain, Yusuf, Meena, Abha, Dhawan, Sunita Singh, and Rout, Prasanta Kumar
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HYPERGLYCEMIA ,PESTICIDE residues in food ,BLOOD sugar ,PESTICIDE pollution ,GLUCOSE metabolism ,MYCOTOXINS - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Dried G.sylvestre leaves produced 26.6 and 14.1% of crude and standardized extracts. • Standardized extract is enriched with gymnemic acids more than 10 times. • SFD conditions are scaled-up to 10 kg batch for preparation of standardized extract. • Standardized extract is safe with improved hyperglycemia reduction in In-vivo model. • New process for isolation of gymnemagenin and deacylgymnemicacid from the extract. Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant, but a method for preparing standardized extract enriched with biomarkers is not available. The practiced crude hydro-alcoholic extracts of G. sylvestre contained a few percentage of gymnemic acids (GAs). The enrichment of GAs in preprared extracts is essential from a pharmacology point of view. Presently, a scale-up process has been developed for preparing G. sylvestre standardized extract (Gym-EEXT). Crude extract (Gym-Crude) was prepared in 10-kg batches to obtain a yield of 268.1 mg/g, but GAs was merely 9 mg/g (GA-IV 6.7 mg/g, and GA-XVII 2.3 mg/g) in 30 % ethanol–water solvent at 50 °C in 5 h. Further, Gym-Crude was processed through polymer-matrix-adsorption techniques for getting Gym-EEXT (150.9 mg/g) with improved percentage of GAs (>10 %) comprised of deacylgymnemic acid (DGA: 8.9 mg/g), gymnemagenin (2.3 mg/g), GA-IV (78.6 mg/g), and GA-XVII (10.2 mg/g). For safety aspects, the pesticide residues, solvent residues, heavy metal, aflatoxins, and mutagenicity in Gym-EEXT were below the detection limits. Hence, Gym-EEXT was enriched with GAs, and fully safe with compliance according to USP-561. An insignificant effect of Gym-EEXT on vitals of experimental mice was observed in acute and sub-acute oral-toxicity experiments. Gym-EEXT significantly improved the blood glucose metabolism, and hence, it potentially reduces hyperglycaemia. Unique chromatographic protocols were developed for the isolation of biomarkers on a 1-kg scale from Gym-Crude with yield of gymnemagenin (5.5 %), and DGA (4.6 %). Finally, a novel, scientifically validated, and the scale-up process has been developed for the preparation of Gym-EEXT along with an exclusive protocol for isolating its biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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