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This study focuses on business relationships in Japan for industries pertaining to dyeing and finishing. The authors analyzed complex networks of 3354 companies contained in the Annual Report on the Textile-Related Trade, 1998 edition published by Sen-I Sha Company. Based on the community extraction proposed by Newman in 2004, there are forty-six communities in complex network and two large competitive communities containing a lot of dyeing and finishing companies are existed. As results of community extraction of complex network that deletes one big company on the betweenness centrality, the structure of the community is changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are currently faced with a super-aged society. With the increase of senior citizens, our society will have many problems for them. The clothing issue is especially important. Because the body of senior citizens has a wide variety of shapes compared to the young people's body, their clothes will require diversity. However, the research on senior citizen's clothes is little. Then, we paid attention to the underwear which has many functions such as body protection and hygiene maintenance and so on. Therefore we performed the attitude survey to clarify the consciousness of senior citizens for their underwear. As a result, following matters were revealed. • About items of convenience such as washing and clothes maintenance etc., the elderly women had the higher consciousness than the elderly men. • Urinary incontinence, obstacle of purchasing and body odor of elderly are unique and serious problems for elderly persons. • Senior citizens are also interested in fashion and style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discussed the particle based mechanical model for numerical simulation of clothing pressure. Human body and clothing were represented as an elastic body by particle system, collision between human body and clothing was represented by impulse force based model. The two simulations were conducted to evaluate the validity of the suggested model. In the first simulation, clothing pressure on the elastic cylinder covered with cloth was predicted to evaluate the precision of static clothing pressure prediction. As a result, it was confirmed that it had the accuracy of 0.08 kPa, but there was a room for improvement to predict on the edge of cloth. Although it is considered that the mesh resolution (particle distance) caused the problem, it is important to decide a suitable mesh resolution for purpose because it is directly with calculation time. In the second simulation, we conducted the simulation that winding elbow with sleeve to evaluate the precision of dynamic clothing pressure prediction. As a result, it was observed that clothing pressure changed with elbow flexion. However it was not able to obtain the accurate result caused by numerical instability in the case of fast elbow flexion. It is considered that time step and collision model between clothing and human body on the simulation caused numerical instability. Improvement and implementation of the simulation considering whole body motion for dynamic clothing pressure prediction are our future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the recycle of fiber products, it is necessary to expand the application of recovered fibers. In the present study, the forming method of spherical fiber assembly using recovered fibers was devised; its compatibility as pillow fillers was evaluated as well. By revealing the relationship between structure and compression property of the obtained spherical fiber assembly, it was found that the compression property can be controlled by changing the mixture ratio of core-sheath conjugate fiber, the density of fiber assembly, and the fiber composition. Consequently, it was shown that by using the spherical fiber assembly as pillow fillers, it was possible to make pillows with controlled sinking ratio and body pressure value, indicating that the spherical fiber assembly had sufficient physical properties required for application to pillow fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the apposed mixing color theory, from the point of the effect of mutual reflection between warp and weft yarns considering the area ratio of warp and weft yarns and the difference between the spectral reflectance of warp and weft yams, a new color prediction model for union fabrics was proposed. The experiments were carried out for sixty pieces of union fabrics, which had been woven with each two kinds of color yams selected from thirteen kinds of color yams. The experiment results were compared with the predicted values with reflection effect and the predicted values without reflection effect. The experiment results showed good agreement with the predicted values with reflection effect based on the new model. It was proved that the new model was effective and precise to predict the surface color for union fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prediction method of surface color of union fabric from individual color of yams and weave was established. Thirteen color yams were adopted as yam samples, and sixty union fabrics consisted of two colors of yams were weaved as fabric samples. Kubelka-Munk's law and Lambert-Beer's law were used to predict surface color as theory of subtractive color mixing. Moreover the isomeric matching method was used for making spectral reflection factor in prediction. It is an ideal color matching method that spectral reflection factor of object color is matched with spectral reflection factor of assignment color. The relationship among the density of predicted color (DF(λ)), the density of warp and weft colors (Dwarp(λ), Dweft(λ)) and the area ratio of warp and weft(S, I-S) could be expressed as follows : DF(λ) = S · Dwarp(λ) + (1-S) · Dweft(λ) In order to reduce the difference between the predicted color and the measured color, the difference between density of warp and weft was considered. As a result, the surface color of union fabric can be predicted accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knitted fabrics have superior expansion and contraction properties because of their loop structure. Light transmission factor is changed by extension. Light transmission properties of plain knitted fabrics stretched by uniaxial load and by biaxial load were measured, and relationship between stretch and anisotropic light transmission properties was studied. In uniaxial load, when the samples were stretched at the same extension rate along the wale direction and the course direction, they showed different light transmission factors because the stitch densities of wale and course changed with Poisson's ratio. Light transmission factor at front of a fabric was estimated from stitch densities of wale and course, Poisson's ratio of knitted fabric and diameter of yarn in stretch. In biaxial load, when the samples were extended in the same area, they showed same light transmission factors. Light transmission factor at front of a fabric was estimated from stitch densities of wale and course and diameter of yarn in stretch. It was confirmed that anisotropic light transmission properties were different by tensile conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light transmission property of plain woven fabrics was studied in order to perform the fabric design considering the transmission. A light transmission measurement apparatus which could change incidence and receiving direction of light was developed and the change of the transmission factor by light direction was measured for plain woven fabrics. Because structures of the fabrics are anisotropy, the light transmission property showed anisotropy. The anisotropy of transmission factor was remarkable in large incidence angle, and the minimum or maximum values were showed every π/4 cycle. An approximation curve of anisotropy was proposed and the anisotropic light transmission factor was estimated from a measurement at front of a fabric and structure of the fabric based on crimp theory of Peirce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method and device were developed for measuring the flexural-rigidity of fibers. One end of a short fiber was vertically fixed in a rotation table with an offset from the rotation axis. When the table rotates fiber bends by centrifugal force. The device is put in a vacuum case to reduce air resistance. Expression of the relation between fiber flexural-rigidity and bending curve was obtained. The equation was solved under various boundary conditions by numerical calculation. The influence of the offset and gravity was also investigated. The flexural-rigidity was estimated from characteristic measurement of bending curve. This method is effective for the measurement of bending rigidity of single fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses geometrical condition to construct sphere with woven fabrics of square or rhombus. Basis on the theory to wrap sphere with a net or coarse woven fabric; Numerical formula given to decide whether the shape is similar to sphere; Shape found in actual goods.