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Objective: To evaluate tooth displacement and periodontal stress generated by the dual action vertical intra-arch technique (DAVIT) for open-bite correction using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: A three-dimensional model of the maxilla was created by modeling the cortical bone, cancellous bone, periodontal ligament, and teeth from the second molar to the central incisor of a hemiarch. All orthodontic devices were designed using specific software to reproduce their morpho-dimensional characteristics, and their physical properties were determined using Young's modulus and Poisson's coefficient of each material. A linear static simulation was performed to analyze the tooth displacements (mm) and maximum stresses (Mpa) induced in the periodontal ligament by the posterior intrusion and anterior extrusion forces generated by the DAVIT. Results: The first and second molars showed the greatest intrusion, whereas the canines and lateral incisors showed the greatest extrusion displacement. A neutral zone of displacement corresponding to the fulcrum of occlusal plane rotation was observed in the premolar region. Buccal tipping of the molars and lingual tipping of the anterior teeth occurred with intrusion and extrusion, respectively. Posterior intrusion generated compressive stress at the apex of the buccal roots and furcation of the molars, while anterior extrusion generated tensile stress at the apex and apical third of the palatal root surface of the incisors and canines. Conclusions: DAVIT mechanics produced a set of beneficial effects for open-bite correction, including molar intrusion, extrusion and palatal tipping of the anterior teeth, and occlusal plane rotation with posterior teeth uprighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of pulp status is crucial for avulsed immature permanent teeth after replantation. In addition to commonly used clinical and radiographic examinations providing clinical evidence, the oxygen saturation test may offer valuable assistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a pulse oximeter in evaluating pulp status in avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. A prospective observational study was performed including 51 avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. Routine clinical and radiographic examinations were performed and used as the basis for the diagnosis of pulp status during the 1-year follow-up period. Meanwhile, the oxygen saturation values of these teeth were recorded using a modified pulse oximeter at each visit. Seven teeth completed pulp revascularization (success group), whereas 44 teeth failed to revascularize (failure group). Abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations in the failure group were observed at an average period of 42.7 days, which was too late because a high incidence of inflammatory root resorption (43.18%) had occurred. For oxygen saturation tests, teeth in the success group showed an immediate postreplantation oxygen value of 70.71 ± 3.35, then an upward trend starting from the 2-week postreplantation visit, and a significantly increased final value of 81.86 ± 2.34 at the 1-year visit. In contrast, no increase trend was found for teeth in the failure group because abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations emerged. The oxygen saturation test is a reliable diagnostic method to evaluate pulp status of avulsed teeth as early as 2 weeks after replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional replantation (IR) is considered as a viable treatment option to preserve the teeth with apical periodontitis. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of IR in teeth with or without periodontal involvement, and to investigate the influence of related factors. A total of 157 teeth with a documented history of IR between September 2012 and November 2022 and a follow-up duration of more than 1 year were included. The samples included 100 teeth with simple apical periodontitis and 57 teeth with combined periodontal-endodontic lesions (CPEL). Clinical and radiographic criteria were used to evaluate treatment outcomes including functional retention and extraction. Chi-square analyses and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare bivariate associations between outcomes and clinical or demographic variables. Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to evaluate the cumulative survival rate of the intentionally replanted teeth. The overall cumulative survival rates were 93.0% at 1 year, 76.7% at 5 years, and 56.2% at 10 years. Among the 100 teeth with simple apical periodontitis, the survival rates were 93.0%, 86.7%, and 78.8% at the same time points. In contrast, 57 teeth with CPEL exhibited survival rates of 93.0%, 65.0%, and 36.9%, respectively. The primary postoperative complications that led to extraction were periodontal involvement (51.9%), tooth fracture (18.5%), external root resorption (18.5%), and persistent apical periodontitis (11.1%). The outcomes of teeth with CPEL were significantly affected by the presence of a sinus tract and crown restoration. In contrast, no significant prognostic factors were identified for teeth without periodontal involvement. The long-term prognosis of teeth with CPEL is significantly worse than those with simple apical periodontitis. The main reason of extraction was periodontal involvement. Regular periodontal maintenance and appropriate crown restoration may help to improve the prognosis for teeth with CPEL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on root resorption in orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze changes in tooth root volume. It discusses the comparison between PBM and control groups regarding orthodontically induced external root resorption, emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation due to study limitations such as sample size and measurement errors in root segmentation.

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have the potential for regenerating periodontal tissue. The study aims to investigate the impact of demographics (ages, gender, disease) and culture techniques (shipping storage time and culture method) on the success of primary culture. PDLSCs were collected from 51 teeth of 26 patients and cultured via outgrowth (OG) and enzymatic digestion (ED) methods. Cells characteristics were confirmed by flow cytometry, MTT, and ARS. The primary culture success rate was evaluated with a serial chi-square test to determine the relationship with culture technique (ED/OG and ≤4 h/prolonged culture) and patient demographics (Young/Old, Female/Male, and Health/Periodontitis). The overall success rate of Health group (69.7%) was higher than Periodontitis (38.9%). Culturing within 4 h possessed a higher success rate (71.8%) than prolonged group (16.7%) regardless of patient demographics, and using OG method (81.5%) revealed more promising. Subgroup analysis of 39 cases (culture within 4 h) found that the success rate of OG was higher than ED in the Old group (87.5%–25.0%) and in the Periodontitis group (83.3%–25.0%). Primary culturing of PDLSCs within 4 h and using the outgrowth method led to higher success rates regardless of patient demographics. It can achieve successful PDLSCs culture of older patients or patients with periodontal disease by appropriate culture technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional replantation (IR) is the intentional extraction of a tooth followed by its replacement back into its socket fur the purpose of performing a root-end surgery or other necessary repairs. The procedure may be considered a favorable alternative to conventional microsurgery, especially when surgical access is restricted due to specific anatomical challenges. With advancements in magnification, bioceramics, and instrumentation, IR has become a well-established, scientifically supported treatment modality and is cost-effective when compared to single-implant placement. This article discusses the rationale and indications fur IR, describes treatment protocols, and reports on its outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on determining the correlation between orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) and periodontal ligament (PDL) compression in rats. Topics include assessing PDL compression and OIRR in response to orthodontic force application, investigating the correlation between the extent of PDL compression and OIRR induction at different stages, and comparing the effects of bodily versus tipping tooth movement on OIRR and PDL compression.

The article provides an overview of autotransplantation, a procedure that involves moving a tooth from one position in the mouth to another within the same person. It can be used to replace missing or compromised teeth. The success rate of autotransplanted teeth is about 80%, with the highest success rates seen in certain tooth movements. The article emphasizes the importance of a team approach, involving different dental professionals, in planning and carrying out autotransplantation procedures. Autotransplantation can be a viable option for patients with missing teeth, but careful planning and monitoring are crucial for successful outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Physical Education students about tooth avulsion (TA) in both dentitions before and after receiving an informative leaflet (IL). Material and Methods: The questionnaire contained information about TA in dentition and its management and was applied to the Physical Education students before and after reading an IL. Results: A total of 118 students, 96.61%, attended a first aid course, and 17.80% received information about TA. Most students (88.98%) never had an experience with TA, and 90.68% considered its management important. The other questions, before and after reading the IL, respectively, were: would not perform deciduous tooth replantation (42%; 88%); knew how to handle the avulsed permanent tooth (APT) (38%; 92%); knew how to clean the APT (50%; 99%); knew that permanent tooth replantation (PTR) must be immediate (15%; 95%); knew the ideal time to seek for the dentist right after TA without performing PTR (6%; 83%); knew how to store APT (31%; 97%). Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education students in this research revealed a limited understanding of dental tooth avulsion. After receiving an informative leaflet, the students showed a significant improvement in knowledge about traumatic avulsion management, including tooth replantation and proper actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External cervical resorption (ECR) is an aggressive form of root resorption, which etiology is unclear and its prognosis remains unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognosis and potential prognostic factors of ECR-affected teeth after surgical intervention for external repair with/without root canal treatment. Treated ECR cases from 2009 to 2019 were collected retrospectively. The survival of the teeth and the status of root resorption were assessed during the follow-up period. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed with log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier statistics. A total of 42 treated ECR-affected teeth were enrolled. The two-year survival rate was 71.20% [54.16%, 93.59%]. Persistent root resorption was the main complication after treatment. Patients with multiple ECR-affected teeth had greater recurrent potential than patients with solitary ECR-affected teeth. Prolonged calcium hydroxide dressing may contribute to a more favorable clinical outcome. Gender, age, tooth position and the need for root canal treatment did not show statistically significant effect on the prognosis. The current surgical method was able to arrest ECR in most cases. However, the case type (the number of ECR-affected teeth per patient) could highly affect the prognosis of the teeth. Clinicians should consider long-term calcium hydroxide dressing in case of pulp involvement to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To compare the treatment outcome of laser and its effectiveness in the management of gingival hyperpigmentation over scalpel surgical method. The patients were selected and were divided into two groups by the split-mouth design. Group A : Right half upper and lower central incisors to premolars were treated using the laser technique. GROUP B : Left half upper and lower central incisors to premolars were treated by Scalpel technique. This study was a comparative, split-mouth analytical study, and the results were observed for a period of 9 months. Diode laser technique gave better results in this perio-esthetics procedure as compared to scalpel technique. However, recurrence of pigmentation has been reported even after this duration. Diode laser was superior over the scalpel technique in the aspect of operator convenience, reduced postoperative bleeding, and reducing the incidence of repigmentation in terms of intensity and extent of pigmentation. Patient comfort was more in scalpel technique. Laser can be used for better periodontal esthetic procedure over the standard scalpel technique, although repigmentation was reported in both groups. But delayed healing occurred on the laser side due to the thermal effect of the laser on the adjacent tissues. Provision of such advanced instruments to dental surgery can give better satisfaction to patient clientele in terms of good esthetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of bibliometric indices on the avulsion of permanent teeth can help researchers to identify gaps in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles on the avulsion of permanent teeth. Two researchers conducted an unfiltered search in the Core Collection section of the Web of Science (WoS-CC) database. The following data were extracted: position in the citation list, total number and density of citations, title, authors, institution, country, year of publication, journal, keywords, study design, tooth storage medium, and other topics of interest. Bibliometric networks were generated and analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Descriptive analysis and a Poisson regression analysis were performed (P <.05). The number of citations per article varied between 31 and 407. The average was 70.05, and 13 articles received more than 100 citations. J.O. Andreasen (n = 13) and M. Trope (n = 15) were the authors who contributed most often to publications. The United States was the country with the highest number of articles (n = 31). Authors associated with the University of Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 9) and University of North Carolina, USA (n = 10) showed higher productivity. In vitro /animal model studies were the most frequent study designs (n = 50), and the most-discussed topic of interest was prognosis (n = 47). There was strong clustering among 13 research groups. Observational studies, published by authors from Europe and about prognosis or treatment presented more citation ratio in WoS-CC. Clinical studies on permanent tooth avulsion are needed to increase the quality of scientific evidence and provide insights for health professionals and public policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates root resorption during maxillary molar intrusion with clear aligners compared to fixed appliances with miniscrews, revealing that clear aligners resulted in significantly less root resorption and intrusion after 6 months of treatment. Topics include the effectiveness of clear aligners in anterior open bite correction, concerns regarding apical root resorption, and the correlation between maximum bite force and molar intrusion amount.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves joint inflammation. Although periodontal disease reportedly contributes to RA onset, the associations of RA with pulpitis and apical periodontitis have not been described. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of immune response disruption of RA for pulpitis and apical periodontitis with SKG mice. SKG and BALB/c (control) mice were used to establish models of pulp infection. Histologic studies of pulp and apical periodontal tissue were performed at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days; odontoblast dynamics were analyzed by antinestin staining, and apoptotic cells were examined by TdT-mediated digoxygenin (biotin)-dUTP nick end labeling staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the exposed pulp was observed at 3 days in the SKG and control group groups; the infiltration extended to the apical pulp area at 14 days after surgery. Inflammatory cell infiltration and bone resorption in the apical pulp area were observed from 14–28 days in the SKG and control groups; there were significant increases in inflammatory cell infiltration and bone resorption in the control group at 28 days. The numbers of apoptotic cells in pulp and apical periodontal tissue were higher in the SKG group than in the control group at 14 and 28 days. The number of odontoblasts decreased in the SKG and control groups until 14 days and then disappeared in the SKG and control groups at 28 days. This study suggested that immune response disruption in RA is involved in prolonging the inflammatory state of pulpitis and apical periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To elucidate the level of parental knowledge in Qatar regarding the management of avulsed teeth. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 400 parents attending their children's routine dental appointments. The questionnaire comprised of items on sociodemographics, parents' prior knowledge on management of avulsion, parents' willingness to replant avulsed teeth at the site of injury, and parents' opinion as to the best format for future parental education on the management of dental trauma. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to assess the association between sociodemographic status and knowledge in the management of avulsion. Results: The overall mean score of parents' knowledge was (23%). Only 23.3% (n = 93) of parents thought that it was possible to reinsert an avulsed permanent tooth. Out of those, only 12.9% (n = 12) indicated willingness to reinsert the tooth back into its socket, while 48.4% (n = 49) indicated that an avulsed tooth should be stored using physiological media. Less than one third (27.8%) indicated that they would seek professional help within 30 min. Males were less likely to give favourable answers when compared to females (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22–0.84). Age groups "31–40" years and "41–50" years were more likely to give favourable answers when compared to 20–30 years age group (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.05–8.0and OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.3–11.48; respectively). Conclusion: This study highlights critical deficiencies in parental knowledge on the management of tooth avulsion and the need to improve parents' knowledge by developing easily accessible onsite emergency management tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shortening the root of a mouse molar prior to tooth replantation results in early revascularization in the pulp cavity and activation of the dental pulp quiescent stem cells. This study aimed to validate the effects of pulp chamber floor perforation on pulpal healing after tooth replantation as a strategy to promote early revascularization into the pulp. The maxillary first molars of three-week-old Crlj:CD1 mice were extracted and repositioned into the original socket: the left teeth were immediately replanted (control group: CG), whereas the floor of the pulp chamber of the right teeth was perforated with a tungsten carbide bur before tooth replantation (experimental group: EG). The samples were collected from three days to eight weeks postoperatively. In addition to the TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry for Nestin, CK14, and Ki-67 was conducted. In the EG, early revascularization occurred with a decrease in apoptosis and an increase in cell proliferation, facilitating pulpal healing, compared with the CG. The rate of Nestin-positive perimeter in the distal root significantly increased on days 5 and 14 and the amount of Nestin-positive hard tissue increased on day 14. However, on day 7, the number of epithelial cell rests of Malassez in the EG significantly decreased, making the EG susceptible to ankylosis at the floor. Intentionally perforating the floor of the pulp chamber provides a route for early revascularization, resulting in better pulpal healing after tooth replantation. [Display omitted] • Intentional perforation before tooth replantation elicits early revascularization. • Early revascularization activates pulp stem and progenitor cells in replanted teeth. • Survival of dental pulp stem and progenitor cells impacts on pulpal healing. • Intentionally perforating the tooth may be a novel technique before replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intentional replantation is a method to salvage teeth, especially in cases where orthograde re-treatment or apical surgery cannot be performed because of anatomical constraints and limited access. Techniques of intentional replantation have evolved to enhance clinical outcomes. The purpose of this case series, together with a narrative literature review, is to emphasize its importance, indications, contraindications, associated risks, success, and consideration as a treatment option as an alternative to extraction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and techniques for intential replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of firing procedures and layering thickness of porcelain on internal adaptation of maxillary anterior cantilever zirconia resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs). Methods: The maxillary right central incisor on a model was prepared for a single-retainer zirconia RBFDP. A total of 36 frameworks of cantilever zirconia RBFDPs were classified into three groups (CB0.5, CB1.0, and CB2.0 groups) based on the thickness of the cut-back on the facial surface (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively). Feldspathic porcelain was layered onto the facial surface of the zirconia RBFDP frameworks. Internal space widths between the abutment tooth and the framework were measured before and after porcelain firing by a replica technique. The internal space values before and after porcelain firings were compared using the paired t-test within the same group (α = 0.05). Differences in internal space values (distortion) between before and after porcelain firing were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison tests. Results: For all framework designs, internal space values after porcelain firing were significantly higher than those before firing. Among all groups, the CB0.5 group showed the lowest internal distortion values for the whole measured area. The CB2.0 group showed higher distortion values than the CB1.0 group. Conclusion: Porcelain firing procedures negatively impacted the internal space in cantilever zirconia RBFDPs. In addition, the increased volume of layering porcelain had a negative effect on the internal distortion of maxillary anterior cantilever zirconia RBFDPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow's milk is considered one of the gold standard storage media for avulsed teeth, and it is readily available. However, with the high prevalence of allergy to this milk, there is a potential danger of anaphylaxis when used as a storage medium. Its use and that of alternative storage media is discussed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: There is a potential for anaphylaxis when cow's milk is used as a storage medium for an avulsed tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive inflammation in the periodontal tissue after tooth replantation can lead to inflammatory root resorption and interrupt periodontal tissue regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that nuclear factor-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanospheres (NF-PLGA) inhibit excessive inflammation and promote healing of periodontal tissue after replantation in rats.Methods: The upper right incisors of rats were extracted, immersed in different specific solutions, and replanted. The rats were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days after replantation. Morphological evaluation with micro-CT and histological assessment with hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed. Additionally, we examined the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) by performing immunohistological assessment.Results: The NF-PLGA group showed significantly greater dental root thickness than the other experimental groups. Root resorption was not observed after the application of NF-PLGA on day 7. The application of NF-PLGA also resulted in a significantly lower number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts on days 7 and 14 after replantation. Significantly lower expression of IL-1β and IL-6 and higher expression of TGF-β1 and FGF-2 were observed under the application of NF-PLGA in the PDL.Conclusions: NF-PLGA promoted the healing process by inhibiting the initial excessive inflammatory response in the PDL, preventing root resorption, and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. The findings also suggested that the PLGA nanospheres-mediated transfection of the decoy oligodeoxynucleotides can be useful for the clinical application of replanted tooth root surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, intentional replantation (IR) has received more attention for its high tooth survival rate and wide range of indications. Type IIIb dens invaginatus (DI) is 1 of the most serious types of tooth malformation and is very challenging to treat. When root end surgery is not feasible, IR may be considered as an alternative to extraction. However, there is little information available on the use of IR for type IIIb DI. Therefore, this study investigated the treatment outcomes and clinical procedures used for the treatment of type IIIb DI with IR. IR was performed to treat 10 patients with type IIIb DI with periapical lesions. Each tooth was examined clinically and radiologically. IR was selected by these patients as their treatment plan after treatment procedures were discussed. An experienced endodontist and an experienced surgeon performed all treatments using the same protocol and surgical technique. Postoperative assessments were composed of clinical and radiographic examinations, tooth survival, and functional status. The follow-up period ranged from 4–39 months. After IR, 8 teeth were functioning properly with no clinical or radiologic signs of pathology. The other 2 teeth had complications after IR comprising the recurrence of periapical radiolucency and sinus tract formation in 1 patient and the development of a mucosal fenestration in another. Both of these patients received additional surgery and showed marked improvements. Our study evaluated the most clinical data to date and showed that IR may be a reliable alternative for type IIIb DI with a periapical lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Endodontic procedures can result in various complications. Separation of the endodontic instrument is a common complication of incorrect use or overuse of the instrument. However, a separated endodontic instrument may hinder cleaning and shaping during endodontic treatment procedures, which can potentially impact prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to manage this complication by removal of the separated instruments from inside the root canal. Although several devices are used, nonsurgical removal for retreatment remains difficult. We report the case of a failed attempt to manage a separated endodontic instrument nonsurgically by a private dentist, which resulted in extrusion of the instrument beyond the root apex and its migration into the mandible. We describe a novel surgical approach involving intentional tooth replantation combined with alveolar osteotomy. There have been few reports on the management of separated endodontic instruments that were pushed out beyond the root apex. Our novel surgical approach suggests a technique for the potential removal of a separated endodontic instrument extruded beyond the root apex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate occlusal forces can prevent ankylosis after tooth replantation or transplantation. However, the "proper occlusal forces" on periodontal ligament (PDL) healing have not yet been defined due to insufficient in vitro studies and uncertain in vitro models. Herein, we presented a mechanical vibration device as an in vitro model to determine such favorable occlusal forces. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were exposed to mechanical vibration force with 4 frequencies (30, 90, 150, and 210 rpm). Cell viability and the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins were tested in vitro. The calvarial transplantation experiment was performed to assess the bone formation ability of 150 rpm mechanical vibration stimulation (MVS). MVS at 150 and 210 rpm significantly reduced cell viability in the early stages. The 150-rpm MVS decreased osteogenic marker expression at the early time point (3 days) but had no harmful effects at the late time point (14 days). Furthermore, hPDLSC cell sheets treated with 150-rpm MVS had potential to decrease bone formation in rat calvarial defects serendipitously and facilitated functional PDL-like tissue formation. We found that MVS at a frequency of 150 rpm could provide a strategy for a transient reduction in the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs and promote PDL-like tissue formation. Thus, 150-rpm MVS could be used as a controllable proper occlusal force to prevent ankylosis and promote PDL healing after tooth replantation or transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to describe an in vitro study model to investigate root surface strain (RSS) and its correlation with the initiation/propagation of microcracks during different endodontic procedures. Four lower human incisors extracted microcrack free were selected by micro–computed tomographic imaging. Two strain gauges were bonded to the root surface of each incisor. Then, the teeth were prepared to reproduce the periodontal ligament artificially. The gauges were attached to a data acquisition system. The RSS was recorded during the entire endodontic procedure, which consisted of accessing the endodontic cavity, cleaning, shaping preparation with an Mtwo rotary system (VDW, Munich, Germany), and filling with a standardized technique. Each incisor was submitted to a different retreatment protocol and supplementary cleaning method as follows: (1) Reciproc (RC, VDW) + Flatsonic (FS; Helse, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Brazil), (2) RC + XP-endo Finisher (XPF; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), (3) Mtwo retreatment (MR) + FS, and (4) MR + XPF. Finally, the teeth were rescanned to establish the postoperative microcrack formation by 2 well-trained and blinded examiners. The maximum and minimum RSS values were −120 and 510 microstrains, respectively, for all of the files. RC showed the highest RSS values during endodontic retreatment compared with MR. FS demonstrated a higher variation between the minimum and maximum RSS than XPF. No microcracks were observed in the specimens. This preliminary study proposed an experimental model that would combine 2 methods to evaluate the effects of endodontic systems on dentin. Although strain gauges would provide data on the stresses created, the pre- and postoperative evaluation of micro−computed tomographic images would enable microcrack formation to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten keys for successful esthetic-zone single immediate implants encapsulate in an evidence-based manner the treatment planning and replacement of single hopeless teeth in the maxillary anterior sextant. These include two treatment-planning, five surgical, and three prosthetic keys, which, collectively, aim to minimize soft- and hard-tissue complications for an optimal esthetic implant restoration. The Straightforward, Advanced, and Complex (SAC) classification is designed to aid clinicians in the treatment planning of dental implant cases. As per this classification, cases are stratified by the degree of surgical and restorative risk and complexity for both the surgical and prosthetic phases of treatment. A technique-sensitive and skill-demanding task, the replacement of multiple adjacent teeth in the esthetic zone poses significant challenges for clinicians and is considered a complex SAC procedure surgically and restoratively. This article presents a case report on the replacement of multiple adjacent teeth in the esthetic zone, demonstrating the use of 10 key principles to achieve an optimal esthetic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten keys for successful esthetic-zone single immediate implants encapsulate in an evidence-based manner the treatment planning and replacement of single hopeless teeth in the maxillary anterior sextant. These include two treatment-planning, five surgical, and three prosthetic keys, which, collectively, aim to minimize soft- and hard-tissue complications for an optimal esthetic implant restoration. The Straightforward, Advanced, and Complex (SAC) classification is designed to aid clinicians in the treatment planning of dental implant cases. As per this classification, cases are stratified by the degree of surgical and restorative risk and complexity for both the surgical and prosthetic phases of treatment. A technique-sensitive and skill-demanding task, the replacement of multiple adjacent teeth in the esthetic zone poses significant challenges for clinicians and is considered a complex SAC procedure surgically and restoratively. This article presents a case report on the replacement of multiple adjacent teeth in the esthetic zone, demonstrating the use of 10 key principles to achieve an optimal esthetic outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The palate has become a popular site for the placement of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) owing to its bone quantity and quality. This study aimed to investigate total and cortical bone thicknesses in the whole palate as well as palatal width using a standard grid system and cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) images. The CBCT images of 43 samples were selected. The total bone and cortical bone thicknesses of the palate were surveyed on 64 points per patient. The palatal width was measured. The difference between the age and sex groups was analyzed. The total palatal bone thickness in the adult group ranged from 9.85 ± 2.04 to 1.87 ± 0.79 mm. In the adolescent group, we found one-third of the incisor roots in the area 3 mm distal to the incisive foramen and 8 mm lateral to the mid-palatal suture. The cortical bone thickness in adults was significantly thicker in the posterior paramedian area than that in adolescents. The thickest vertical bone is located in the zone 3 mm distal to the incisive foramen and 4–8 mm lateral to the midpalate. The zone 6 mm posterior to the incisive foramen and 2–8 mm lateral to the midpalate exhibited optimal thickness and was away from the incisor roots. This region could be a safe zone for adolescent patients to place TADs. When TADs are to be inserted at the posterior palate, the 2-mm paramedian area should be the first region of choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: Intentional replantation was a conventional treatment option in surgical endodontics but usually be seen as a last resort. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment outcome of intentional replantation in Taiwanese population, including the survival rates and the related prognostic factors.Methods: Subjects included 215 teeth from 199 patients who had received intentional replantation in a Taiwan medical center. Patients at age under 20 years and those follow-up periods less than 6 months were excluded. The replanted teeth were followed up for a period of 6 months-120 months. Post-treatment assessments, including tooth survival and functional status, were evaluated using both clinical and radiographic examinations.Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed the overall tooth survival rate at 4 years was 82.8%. In bivariate analysis, both root-end filling material and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) applications were found to be significant (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that age and the presence of a sinus tract or abscess might be the predictors of treatment outcome in intentional replantation.Conclusion: Intentional replantation, operated with improved modern technique, is a reliable and viable treatment with a high long-term survival rate (82.8%). If replanted teeth are diagnosed as acute or chronic apical abscess at the pre-operative examination, the risk of failure is measured 2.7 times higher than those diagnosed with other conditions. Application of EMD on the root surface of a replanted tooth may promote the formation and regeneration of periodontal apparatus, therefore increasing the functioning rate and improving the treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of patients treated in a public University concerning dental avulsion and its emergency first-aid management. Material and Methods: Three hundred patients were invited to answer a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, attitude and knowledge of first-aid management of dental avulsion. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between knowledge about dental replantation and education level. Results: Female gender (66.7%) aged from 31 to 40 years (31.3%) with high school education (50.3%) predominated among all the participants. It was not found a difference between education level and management of avulsed permanent teeth (p=0.076), and 66% of the respondents were not able to do the replantation. In relation to the management of avulsed tooth, 42.7% of the respondents would brush the tooth and if the replantation was not possible, most of them would choose inappropriate media for storage. The association between the storage medium and educational level showed to be statistically significant (p=0.043). Conclusion: It was possible to notice the lack of knowledge about this subject, and it could result in the worst prognosis. In avulsion cases, the subsequent root resorptions may lead to the loss of the child's tooth. It is important to implement educational campaigns to spread knowledge and improve success rates of permanent avulsed teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to establish an intrusive luxation model in rats and observe the pulpal and periodontal outcomes. The intrusion was experimentally induced by an application of 20-N force on the occlusal surface of maxillary right second molar along the tooth axial using a striking instrument in 3-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) and were sacrificed after 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 days of the surgery. The occurrence of pulpal and periodontal complications was observed by micro–computed tomographic scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining. All experimental teeth were fully intruded into the alveolar bone with their occlusal surface located at the cervical level of the adjacent first molar. Spontaneous re-eruption initiated at 7 days. At 14 days, 4 teeth (80%, 4/5) partially re-erupted, whereas 2 (40%), 3 (75%), and 4 (100%) teeth completely re-erupted at 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. Pulp degeneration and inflammation mainly occurred in 4 teeth at 3 days, 5 at 7 days, and 2 at 14 days; after 14 days, pulp calcification was observed in 8 teeth. Ankylosis and replacement root resorption mainly occurred in 1 tooth at 30 days, 2 teeth at 60 days, and 3 at 90 days. Marginal bone loss was observed in 3 teeth (60%) at 30 days, 3 (75%) at 60 days, and 2 (50%) at 90 days. An animal model of intrusive dentoalveolar trauma was successfully established in rats. Pulpal and periodontal complications similar to clinical tooth intrusion were observed, which provided a basis for exploring the mechanisms of complications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the pattern of antibiotic prescribing practice among endodontists in Jordan and to evaluate their adherence to internationally accepted guidelines regarding therapeutic and prophylactic use of antibiotics. An online survey instrument was designed, piloted, and pretested to collect information about types, indications, doses, and duration of antibiotic use by specialist endodontists. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test at p < 0.05. The response rate was 83.1%. The first-choice antibiotic was amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (49.2%), while clindamycin was the preferred antibiotic for penicillin-allergic patients (83.6%). Respondents routinely prescribed antibiotic for acute apical abscesses with systemic involvement (100%), replantation of avulsed teeth (73.8%), and those at risk of developing infective endocarditis (86.9%). Most endodontists (70.5%) followed the American Association of Endodontists' guidelines on antibiotic prescription. 6.6% followed the regulations of the European Society of Endodontology, while 9.8% did not follow any guidelines. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics is common among endodontists. Emphasis should be placed on improving the knowledge of endodontists about available guidelines and indications of antibiotic use in the prophylaxis and management of endodontic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tooth replantation is the treatment of choice for avulsion, even though its long-term prognosis shows great variability and few studies have adopted survival analysis to evaluate the fate of such teeth. The present study aimed to evaluate both the survival rate of replanted permanent teeth after traumatic avulsion as well as its clinical and demographic determinants. Records from 576 patients treated at the Dental Trauma Clinic at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analyzed to collect clinical and radiographic data. Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to estimate the probability of replanted teeth remaining functional in the mouth and to determine prognostic factors. The post-replantation survival rate was 50% after 5.5 years. Immature teeth presented an increase of 51.3% in the loss rate (P =.002). Each additional year in the patient's age at the time of trauma, up to the limit of 16 years, reduced the loss rate of replanted teeth by 15% (P <.001). The storage of the avulsed teeth in milk decreased the loss rate of replanted teeth by 56.4% (P =.015) when compared with those kept dry. The overall survival rate after replantation of permanent teeeth was 50% after 5.5 years. Advanced stages of root development, together with the increase in the patient's age at the moment of trauma, up to the limit of 16 years, were good prognostic factors for tooth survival. The storage of avulsed teeth in milk was also associated with enhanced tooth survival after replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of root-end microsurgery in a postgraduate program in endodontics using modern techniques and calcium silicate–based root-end filling materials (ProRoot MTA; Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, and EndoSequence Root Repair Material [ERRM]; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) and to identify any potential prognostic factors that may have affected healing outcomes. Clinical records and periapical radiographs were collected from patients who had undergone endodontic microsurgery between 2007 and 2018 in a postgraduate endodontic clinic with a minimum follow-up interval of 6 months. Either ProRoot MTA or ERRM was used as the root-end filling material. Outcomes were categorized into healed, healing, and nonhealing based on clinical and radiographic findings. Healed and healing cases were pooled and considered as successes, whereas nonhealing cases were considered as failures. A total of 129 patients with 142 teeth were included in the final analysis. Seventy-six cases were root-end filled with ProRoot MTA and 66 root-end filled with ERRM. The ProRoot MTA group had a success rate of 92.1%, and the ERRM group had a success rate of 92.4% with no significant difference between the groups (P >.05). Vertical root fracture was found to be the predominant cause of failure. No patient- or treatment-related factor was identified to have any significant impact on healing. High overall success can be achieved in a postgraduate endodontic program when either ProRoot MTA or ERRM is used as the root-end filling material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The periodontal ligament (PDL) comprises cells embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is required for periodontal healing upon tooth transplantation. However, the extent to which the ECM contributes to periodontal regeneration remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate effects of separate PDL matrix without cells on periodontal healing.Methods: Mandibular premolars extracted from six beagle dogs, were 1) left untreated, 2) decellularized, or 3) surface planed. Cytologic, histologic, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed that detergents could be used to decellularize the PDL. An additional circumferential osteotomy was performed to replant dental roots into extraction sockets. Radiography and histology were used to evaluate periodontal regeneration 8 weeks later, with the data adjusted for multiple testing.Results: In pristine extraction sites, total root resorption (P = 0.034), recovered PDL space (P = 0.012), and new cementum (P = 0.004) were greater in untreated teeth than in roots that underwent surface planing. There were no significant changes when comparing untreated teeth with teeth having a decellularized PDL (P = 0.081, P = 0.170, and P = 1.000, respectively), and decellularized teeth showed significant increase of new cementum compared to surface planed teeth (P = 0.048). In the defect area, only the recovered PDL space (P = 0.034) was greater in untreated teeth when comparing with denuded roots.Conclusion: These results suggest that in addition to untreated PDL, decellularized PDL also partially supports reattachment (particularly cementogenesis) in pristine extraction sites but not in defect areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) is a pathological process defined by the progressive loss of dental hard tissue, dentin, and cementum, resulting from the combination of the loss of external root protective apparatus and root canal infection. It has been suggested that healing patterns after tooth replantation may be influenced by the genetic and immunological profiles of the patients. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the DNA methylation patterns of 22 immune response-related genes in extracted human teeth presenting with IERR. Methylation assays were performed on samples of root fragments showing IERR and compared with healthy bone tissue collected during the surgical extraction of impacted teeth. The methylation patterns were quantified using EpiTect Methyl II Signature Human Cytokine Production PCR Array. The results revealed significantly higher hypermethylation of the FOXP3 gene promoter in IERR (65.95%) than in the bone group (23.43%) (p < 0.001). The ELANE gene was also highly methylated in the pooled IERR sample, although the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.054). Our study suggests that the differential methylation patterns of immune response-related genes, such as FOXP3 and ELANE, may be involved in IERR modulation, and this could be related to the presence of root canal infection. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings to determine the functional relevance of these alterations and their role in the pathogenesis of IERR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of platelet concentrate in alveolar ridge preservation has been broadly studied. However, no randomized clinical trials with histomorphometric analysis and low risk of bias are available in the literature. We conducted a prospective, single-blind, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in socket preservation after tooth extraction. Additionally, the effect of L-PRF on bone formation was analyzed histologically using bone biopsy specimens obtained during implant placement. A total of 48 subjects who underwent a non-molar tooth extraction were randomly assigned to the L-PRF group (n = 24) or the control group (n = 24). Cone-beam computed tomographies were performed immediately after tooth extraction and at 3 months after tooth extraction, prior to implant surgery. A significant difference in bone resorption was registered 1 mm below the crest: 0.93 ± 0.9 mm for the L-PRF group and 2.27 ± 1.2 mm for the control group (p = 0.0001). Histomorphometric analysis showed a higher percentage of new bone formation in the L-PRF group compared with the control group. The values were 55.96 ± 11.97% and 39.69 ± 11.13%, respectively (p = 0.00001). These findings indicate that the administration of L-PRF should always be considered when socket preservation is planned (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03408418). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]