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Emotional neglect can have negative effects on mental health and well-being, making it a potentially traumatic experience. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional neglect and depression, anxiety disorders, self-esteem, well-being, perceived social support, and perceived climate anxiety. The study also explored possible mediations and moderations among these variables. A total of 278 participants completed the study and were administered a range of psychological tools, including the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Additionally, a demographic survey was conducted, which included questions about climate anxiety and experience with psychotherapy. Childhood emotional neglect is significantly, and positively correlated with climate anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression, while being negatively correlated with well-being and perceived social support. Self-esteem, depression, and anxiety partially mediate the relationship between emotional neglect and psychological well-being, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving self-esteem and reducing anxiety may be effective in promoting psychological well-being among individuals who experienced emotional neglect in childhood. Early intervention and prevention efforts are important to reduce negative impact of emotional neglect. In particular, focusing on anxiety and depressive symptoms and self-esteem seems important to protect their well-being.

Introduction.The attractiveness and quality of spending free time are becoming more and more important. Its crucial elements are recreation and culture which contribute to the development of interests and personality, an increase in physical activity, the discharge of nervous tension and the prevention of lifestyle diseases. The use of recreation and culture depends on many factors. For the authors, it is particularly interesting to check the level and structure of spending on recreation and tourism in relation to age. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to compare the spending on recreation and culture in two groups of households. The first concerned households where the head of the household was at most 35 years old, while the other group included households of the elderly.

The rpogenes are characterized by rapidly-evolving sequences. They encode subunits of plastid-encoded (PEP) polymerase (rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1 and rpoC2). This polymerase is one of the most important enzymes in the chloroplasts. The primary aim of the research was to study the rate of molecular evolution in the rpogenes and to estimate these genes as phylogenetic markers based on the example of the genus Erica(Ericaceae). The tested rpogenes demonstrated similarities on multiple levels, for example: phylogenetic informativeness, variation level, intragenic mutation rates and the effect of intragenic mutations on the properties of encoded peptides. This study did not confirm that the analyzed rpogenes are reliable markers and may be helpful in understanding phylogenetic relationships between species that belong to the same genus. The rpoC2 gene was found to be a most useful phylogenetic marker in the Ericagenus, while rpoC1 was found to be the least promising gene.

The traditionally conceived genera Orthotrichum Hedw. and Ulota F.Weber are here reclassified into six genera, Orthotrichum, Dorcadion Lindb., Nyholmiella Holmen & E.Warncke, Pulvigera Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra, Plenogemma Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra, and Ulota, based on morphological differences and partially on molecular evidence. The genus Pulvigera includes P. lyellii (Hook. & Taylor) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra (Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Taylor) which was selected as its generitype. The genus Plenogemma includes P. phyllantha (Brid.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra (Ulota phyllantha Brid.) which was selected as its generitype.

Based on available molecular and morphological evidence, the genus Codriophorus P.Beauv. (Grimmiaceae subfam. Racomitrioideae) proved to be a polyphyletic taxon. It consists of two distinct genera which correspond to two sections of Codriophorus, namely sect. Codriophorus and sect. Fascicularia (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra & Ochyra. The latter section is raised to generic rank as Dilutineuron Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek. The new genus consists of the following five species: D. fasciculare (Hedw.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. brevisetum (Lindb.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. anomodontoides (Cardot) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov., D. corrugatum (Bednarek-Ochyra) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov. and D. laevigatum (Mitt.) Bednarek-Ochyra, Sawicki, Ochyra, Szczecińska & Plášek, comb. nov.

Relics of Malva alcea are found in Central and Western Europe. A similar taxon, M. excisa, is native to the eastern parts of Europe. According to selected sources, the geographical range boundary of the above taxa intersects Poland. Taxonomic research relying on key morphological features (the depth of corolla petal incisions and the type of hairs covering the stem) did not clearly validate the distinctness of those species.

Moss Nyholmiella obtusifoliais relatively common in Poland, but mostly sterile specimens are found in herbarium collections. Sporogenes were created very rare. During bryological explorations conducted in NE Poland in 2009 - 2011, sporophytes were found in four populations of N. obtusifolia, which account for approximately 7% of the surveyed populations.

The paper presents results of a study which aim was preliminary screening of intrapopulation genetic variability in Lamium incisumWilld. This weed species is rarely distributed in Poland and lessening its count during the last years. As a plant inhabiting anthropogenic sites it is exposed to extreme conditions and disturbances caused mostly by the progressive intensification of agriculture. In order to investigate the genetic variability of the selected population markers of ISSR category were used. The analysis of chosen individuals with use of three ISSR primers revealed total of 49 loci, of which only 15 were polymorphic. Nei's gene diversity index (HE=0.099) and the mean number of alleles per locus (AE=1.160) indicated low genetic diversity within the examined population. The research presented in this paper allows for a better learning of the genetic variability of the investigated species and considers probable factors influencing its level.

Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissacomplex were found in EuropeTwo genetically distinct groups (PSand PB) detected previously within the C. fissacomplex in Europe were studied with respect to 47 morphometric characters. The two examined groups differed statistically significantly with respect to 34 morphological traits. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to nine. The best diagnostic features were morphological characters describing the shape of leaf: length and width of leaf, height of dorsal part and distance from the apex to the ventral base of the leaf, length of the 3rdcoordinate of the leaf, and underleaf width as well as characters of the stem: length of internodes and size of internode cells. Plants of the PSgroup were smaller (shoot width range from 922-1780 μm) than plants of the PBgroup (1600-3900 μm). Based on genetically identified samples, classification functions for each group were computed and the derived functions were used for the classification of samples from the herbarium collections. The principal component analysis and dendrogram constructed on the basis of Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by isozyme markers. Results of multivariable analysis showed that it is possible to satisfactorily characterise morphologically both genetically distinct groups of the C. fissacomplex.

Genetic relationships between some of Malvaspecies as determined with ISSR and ISJ markersTwo categories of DNA markers were used to determine genetic relationships among eight Malvataxa. A maximum parsimony analysis validated the division of the genus Malvainto the sections Bismalvaand Malva.The species classified into those sections formed separate clusters. M. moschatawas a distinctive species in the section Bismalva, as confirmed by previous genetic research based on ITS and cpDNA sequence analyses. The applied markers revealed a very high level of genetic identity between M. alcea and M. excisaand enabled molecular identification of M. alceavar. fastigiata.Speciesspecific markers were determined for the majority of the analyzed species, permitting their molecular identification. A specific marker supporting the differentiation of M. alceaand M. excisawas not found.

Part of the Polish-Swedish OSHMAN project was carried out in a textile company. It aimed at implementingand improving effective health and safety management with workers’ active involvement at all levels ofthe enterprise. The two main problems to be solved during the project were decreasing occupational riskand improving workers ‘ poor knowledge on occupational risk. Training courses, workshops and practicalactivities were undertaken. As expected, there were changes in work organisation and improvement in the wayworkstations were looked after, which led to a decrease in occupational risk. Workers were highly committedduring the project. Nevertheless it seems that more training should be directed at middle management.

This article is a review of research studies conducted in the Central Institute for Labour Protection (CIOP) on ergonomic aspects of personal protective equipment (PPE) design and use. Research was related to, among other things, a comparison of body strain and work time limitation for users wearing gas-tight and drill suits. Some other studies were connected with the biophysical properties of clothing materials for medical use. On the basis of the measurement results, a proposal of clothing construction with an optimum combination of protection and comfort was created.Research leading to the development of test methodology concerning auto-matic welding filters with switchable luminous transmittance is also conducted n CIOP.The article also brings up the subject of designing new PPE assuring a high level of comfort. A modei of material to be used under tight protective clothing, an inflammable harness for working at a height, and a model of intelligent clothing that will assist human thermoregulation processes during physical effort are examples of new PPE.

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00278-4