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In a time when the construction industry shares the challenge of labour shortage, more attention should be paid to how attractive careers in the construction field are in the first place. The constantly evolving working environment is causing significant changes in careers and career management in the field, leading to the need to explore company practices that can contribute to the development of fulfilling careers. In this research, we investigated how supervisors in construction companies perceive career support for their employees. This was a phenomenographic study in which 23 supervisors of five construction companies in Finland were interviewed. The analysis showed that the supervisors' perceptions could be categorized into six support types varying between company, professionally, and individually oriented perspectives. Based on the analysis, needs for continuous learning in the construction field can be identified more broadly, highlighting also the various opportunities to advance careers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a research regarding perceptions and attitudes of supervisors toward students’ internship in the virtual environment at Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Osijek. An instrument for gathering data from supervisors of students’ internships was an online survey sent to a suitable sample of supervisors of students’ internships. The four categories of supervisors were created by cluster analysis K-means regarding the usage of virtual environment in the teaching process. The simple analysis of variance was conducted to describe the clusters, where the cluster represented an independent variable. The results of descriptive and inferential statistics are presented in the paper and the Bonferroni post-hoc test was conducted. Regarding a comparison of students’ internships in virtual environment and the traditional students’ internship in physical space, the supervisors of students’ internships perceived a great advantage of conducting students’ internship live. In fact, supervisors of students’ internships from different clusters do not differ in their answers which are in favour of the advantages of students’ traditional internships. It can be concluded that all participants in the research pointed out the advantage of a traditional students’ internships in real space and in the immediate contact to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' research, interactivity, experiences, and exposure have increasingly become important indicators of quality in higher education, however these expectations declined during COVID-19 pandemic. While studies have been conducted on postgraduate students' experiences during their studies, there is lack of empirical evidence on their experiences during COVID-19 pandemic, specifically at open distance learning institutions (ODLs). To bridge this identified gap, qualitative exploratory research was conducted to explore the experiences of postgraduate students registered in master's and doctoral programmes at the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, during the pandemic. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. Online interviews via Microsoft Teams were used for data collection. The interviews were recorded and the data obtained were analysed thematically. Findings revealed both positive and negative experiences. Anxiety, exhaustion and frustration due to sickness, death of family members, poor communication from the university, inadequate resources and poor internet access affected students' studies. Some participants reported lack of supervisory communication and support, while others applauded the continuous support of their supervisors and the university's improvement of its electronic communication linkages. Microsoft Teams was newly adopted. Working from home also gave them an opportunity to accelerate their studies. In conclusion based on the findings the researcher recommended that the university continue to improve academic support and address the mental health of students to prepare them to accept current and future unforeseen circumstances positively. Strengthening collaboration with national and international partners to enhance continuous online communication between the university and the students should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Janus is the property of Sosiaalipoliittinen yhdistys and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study's primary aim was to assess the role of Sakhnin College's internal laboratory, known as "Spiral", in the professional development of educational supervisors within learning communities. Additionally, it sought to determine the extent of Spiral's contribution to the professional growth of these supervisors and explore whether there were any significant differences based on variables such as gender, age, and teaching subject specialisation. Utilising a descriptive approach and a questionnaire, data collected from 32 expert, state licensed educational supervisors revealed that the laboratory played a significant role in enhancing the professional development of educational supervisors. Notably, the sub-field "development of pedagogical tools and products" garnered the highest score while "cooperative teaching in pairs" scored the lowest. Our study found no statistically significant differences among respondents based on gender, age, or specialisation. Recommendations and suggestions based on our findings are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we investigate whether the banks which fall under direct supervision by the European Central Bank (ECB) are more likely to be considered more stable and trustworthy by the depositors due to the stricter supervisory activities performed since the implementation of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). Under the SSM, significant banks switched from national supervisors to ECB, whereas the remaining banks remained under national supervisory authorities (NSAs). Using the difference-in-difference (DID) method, we have found evidence of increased depositors' trust in significant banks after the SSM implementation. Additionally, in anticipation of the SSM launch and the comprehensive assessment, we have found evidence of increased depositors' trust in the banks which were expected to be supervised by the ECB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La thérapie de personnes traumatisées pose des défis colossaux qui mettent les thérapeutes à risque d'effets délétères sévères, tel le traumatisme vicariant. La supervision leur est généralement recommandée pour faire face à ces défis et prévenir ces effets néfastes pour eux et pour leurs patients. Toutefois, peu d'études ont porté sur les spécificités de la supervision psychodynamique des thérapies du fonctionnement traumatique pour y parvenir. Cette étude vise à identifier les éléments distinctifs de ce type de supervision et ses effets protecteurs potentiels. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées avec six superviseurs possédant une vaste expérience de ce type de supervision (M = 25,8 ± 7,2 années). Une analyse thématique des entretiens suggère que les particularités de la supervision découleraient directement de celles du fonctionnement « en traumatique » des patients, soit un rapport interpersonnel teinté d'hostilité chez ceux-ci et l'horreur des récits qu'ils rapportent. Les superviseurs ont identifié l'importance de l'attention à accorder aux effets de la thérapie des traumatismes sur le supervisé, au soutien à l'élaboration du contre-transfert, à la distinction entre supervision et soin, à la thérapie personnelle du clinicien, et au développement de la posture clinique du supervisé. Cette préoccupation des superviseurs pour l'état du supervisé, en conjonction idéalement avec des aménagements à ses vies professionnelle et personnelle, pourrait agir comme facteur protecteur selon ces experts. Nous appuyant sur les résultats, nous présentons des recommandations afin de mieux préparer superviseurs et supervisés à cette pratique. Psychotherapy with traumatized people presents huge challenges for therapists that put them at risk for severe deleterious effects such as vicarious traumatization. Supervision is generally recommended to help them cope with these challenges and to prevent harmful effects for them and for their patients. However, few studies have investigated the specificities that would allow psychodynamic supervision of psychotherapy with traumatized people to achieve these aims. This study sought to identify the distinctive features of this type of supervision and its potential protective effects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six highly experienced supervisors in that field (M = 25,8 ± 7,2 years). A thematic analysis of the interviews suggests that the distinctive features of supervision derive directly from the particularities of patients' traumatic functioning, i.e. their interpersonal rapport marked by hostility, and the horrific nature of the stories they tell. Supervisors thus identified as central to their work with their supervisees: paying close attention to the effects of trauma therapy on the supervisee; supporting the analysis of countertransference; distinguishing between supervising and treating the supervisee; encouraging personal therapy for the supervisee; and supporting their supervisee's clinical stance. They suggest that the supervisor's continuous concern for the supervisee's state could act as a protective factor, though ideally in conjunction with adjustments to the latter's professional and personal life. Expanding on the results, we offer recommendations in the hope of better preparing supervisors and supervisees for this type of clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic supervision is essential for developing students' careers and educational advancement. The systematic review approach was chosen for the methodology of this study. It has been observed in the literature that there are positive and negative experiences between supervisees and their supervisors. This led to the research gap in the study, which stated that supervisors and their supervisees are inadequately prepared for their roles. The study addressed these gaps through a systematic review of the article sub-topics. The conceptual model was adopted for this article, and it articulates how supervisors can exhibit their dispositional qualities. Additionally, this article recommends enhancing creative and innovative research to intensify a sense of autonomy and periodically updating research instructions on actualising the vision and mission statements of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The study further recommends that training initiatives for supervisors should be encouraged in HEIs through academic research groups, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: This article presents the findings of an exploratory international survey on supervisees’ and supervisors’ experiences of cyber-supervision during the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey aimed to establish a baseline of these experiences. METHODS: An online survey of 195 respondents was conducted. Demographic data and the supervisees’ and supervisors’ views were analysed descriptively. Spearman’s Rho correlations were undertaken using IBM SPSS 28 to examine the associations between supervisees’ and supervisors’ ratings of their situation, views and experiences of cyber-supervision, and overall satisfaction and evaluation. FINDINGS: The results showed that the respondents’ supervision changed to online supervision, with video conferencing as the primary method. The supervisees and supervisors shared similar views about online supervision. Items that indicated a constructive view of online supervision correlated positively with overall satisfaction and evaluation. In contrast, items less favourable of online supervision correlated negatively with overall satisfaction and evaluation. Overall, it was found that the attitudes and perspectives of supervisees and supervisors about online supervision were related to their overall satisfaction and evaluation. CONCLUSION: The practice implications for supervisees and supervisors using online supervision are that they discuss their attitudes and cultural perspectives about online supervision early in the relationship, particularly if they plan to use this medium regularly or in conjunction with face-to-face supervision. Further research is recommended on the influence and impact of supervisee and supervisor attitudes and cultural perspectives on online supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This qualitative exploration is a follow-up study to the quantitative research published in a peer-reviewed international journal in 2023. Generally, the study delved into the transition experiences and preferences of 20 Filipino education supervisors in relation to their supervisory practices in over 80 Philippine public schools. Through validated open-ended interview questions, the responses were gathered and subsequently subjected to thematic analysis, which resulted in the emergence of the following themes: (1) the adjustments and challenges of the supervisors as they switched back from technology-assisted to in-person supervision; and (2) their preferred mode of supervision in the new normal of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze empirically (1) the influence of the principal's learning leadership on MAN student learning outcomes in Jombang, (2) the influence of the principal's supervisor on MAN student learning outcomes in Jombang, (3) the influence of the teaching effectiveness MAN results of student learning in Jombang (4) the impact of the head's, supervisor's, and teachers' learning leadership on the learning outcomes of MAN students in Jombang. This research approach is quantitative, with a population of MAN teachers in Jombang and 310 teachers in Madrasah Aliyah (MAN) as respondents. The results of the study showed that (1) Principal learning leadership had no significant effect on MAN student learning outcomes in Jombang, (2) Principal supervisors had no significant effect on MAN student learning outcomes in Jombang, (3) Teacher performance in learning had a significant effect on student learning outcomes MAN in Jombang (4) Principal learning leadership, principal supervisor and teacher performance in learning simultaneously influence student learning outcomes of MAN in Jombang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counselor education doctoral students are often required to supervise master-level counselors-in-training as part of their supervision internship. While practical, this arrangement places doctoral students and their supervisees in potentially compromised situations, given their lack of experience in these respective roles. This article offers a toolbox of strategies doctoral student supervisors can use to facilitate their work with counselors-in-training. These strategies address focus areas identified through prior research. Doctoral student supervisors are encouraged to use this toolbox in conjunction with the support and guidance of their faculty supervisor as they navigate clinical supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender bias continues to impact women's roles in the workplace with significantly fewer women in high-level leadership roles than men. In recent years, many workplaces have shifted from a traditional top-down management model to empowering leadership models focused on increasing the autonomy of employees. This study sought to identify if employees demonstrate gender bias related to empowering leadership behaviors. Forty-one individuals completed a survey that asked questions regarding their work history then identified supervisor images they associated with either positive, negative, or neutral examples of empowering leadership behavior, and finally completed a preference assessment for which supervisor they would prefer to work for or not to work for. Most participants selected the female supervisor image as representative of empowering leadership behavior. Additionally, despite employment histories with preference toward male supervisors, participants indicated a preference to work for female supervisors. Results of this study are discussed in relation to gender bias in the workplace and implications for employers and hiring managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most nurses in the United States have experienced workplace bullying, also referred to as lateral violence. Workplace bullying is serious within professional nursing practice. These behaviors are often associated with detrimental consequences for nurses, their patients, and the greater health care organization. We performed a literature review to summarize recent studies on this pervasive yet persistent problem as well as evidence-based solutions. In environments where managers, supervisors, and administrators are unable or unwilling to address lateral violence, a common pattern is that offenders continue to target new employees and cause turmoil for workers and patients in healthcare settings. This work environment also causes harm and endangers patients. Although workplace bullying cannot be fixed with just one solution, there are different initiatives healthcare settings and educational institutions can implement to help prevent and eliminate workplace bullying, such as improving leadership training and interprofessional communication. Once these initiatives are put into practice, healthcare practices can start saving money, increasing employee satisfaction, retaining workers, and providing better healthcare services for their patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the Virginia Cooperative Extension internship program from the perspective of student participants and their supervisors. Three focus groups were conducted with internship supervisors from the summer of 2019. Student survey data was used to identify concerns from the student perspective to inform the supervisor focus group questions. In addition to the questions, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was also used to collect qualitative data within the supervisor focus groups. Findings suggest areas of strength that can be used in marketing as well as opportunities for program improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the Virginia Cooperative Extension internship program from the perspective of student participants and their supervisors. Three focus groups were conducted with internship supervisors from the summer of 2019. Student survey data was used to identify concerns from the student perspective to inform the supervisor focus group questions. In addition to the questions, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was also used to collect qualitative data within the supervisor focus groups. Findings suggest areas of strength that can be used in marketing as well as opportunities for program improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To Professor Roderick Beaton, an ever-caring supervisor and mentor Edward Frederic ('Fred') Benson (1867-1940), the well-known English author, spent the greater part of the 1890s in Greece in various capacities. The aim of the present paper is to examine his relations with Greece: his activities during his stay, his literary output on Greece and its reception both in England and Greece, and the representation of Greece in the first three volumes of his autobiographical reminiscences Our Family Affairs 1867-1896 (1920), Mother (1925) and As We Were. A Victorian Peep-Show (1930). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The provision of support has always been central to the role of the undergraduate dissertation (UD) supervisor, but little research has been done on its contextual determinants in web-facilitated contexts. Beyond the general recognition of the importance of institutional support for the development of supervisors' technological and pedagogical knowledge and the importance of technology and pedagogy in maximizing the impact of supervisors' support for students, the effect of technology tools and students' prior skills on the type and level of supervisors' support is not well understood. Drawing partially on the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, the present work uses Partial-Least Square Structural Equation Modelling to examine the effect of supervisors' Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), their perception of students' soft skills, and the technology tools they use (face-to-face, social media or a learning management system) on the level of educational and motivational support they provide. The results indicate that institutional support to UD supervisors positively affects their TPK, which in turn positively affects their educational and motivational support to students. However, supervisors' educational and motivational support is inversely related to their perception of students' soft skills and is also affected by the technological tools used. In short, supervision styles are not static since different contextual factors affect the management of the process of supervision. The implications for UD supervision are discussed, and some recommendations are proposed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive case study explores the support that supervisors in the College of Education (CEDU) at the University of South Africa (UNISA) give to Ethiopian doctoral students. It is important to inquire into supervisors' views about the support that they give to students as part of their supervision especially in the open distance and e-learning (ODeL) higher education context. Twelve supervisors who are or have supervised Ethiopian doctoral students were selected by convenience sampling and interviewed individually to gather their views about the support they give (or have given) to their students. Supervisors' views were augmented by other key stakeholders' views to deepen the understanding of support. The findings reveal that supervisors, though faced with unique challenges, made efforts to support students emotionally, academically, and by being the extended hand of UNISA when students could not access certain services or resources. Doctoral students who are faced with contextual challenges can succeed if they are given proper support which is motivated by mutual respect between the supervisor and student. The study can also benefit supervisors in African universities to reflect on the support that they give to their students, especially in the situations that are posed by the students' circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the experiences of Chinese PhD students doing research in China Studies as well as the experiences of their supervisors who supervise their research in Australian universities. By conducting semi-structured interviews with both PhD students and their supervisors, we aim to understand the expectations, concerns and challenges of both students and supervisors involved in the PhD journey. We found that the main concerns and challenges of students lie in the tight timeframe of scholarship, their 'ideological dissonance' and their relations with supervisors. The supervisors hope their Chinese students could improve academic writing skills, critical thinking skills and social skills in order to well accommodate the research culture in Australia and successfully complete their PhD research. Our findings could help Australian universities to better understand the cultural and educational challenges of Chinese PhD students and to further build up the quality for research training to attract more international research students from China and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the moderating role of effective counselor characteristics in the relationship between the behaviors of counselors' supervisors and the professional pride and job satisfaction of counselors. The study group consisted of 661 counselors. The researchers used the "Supervision Questionnaire", "Effective Counselor Characteristics Assessment Scale", "Professional Pride Scale", the "Job Satisfaction Scale", and a "Personal Information Form" to collect the study data and Regression-Based Bootstrapping Technique for data analysis. The research results demonstrated a significantly positive relationship between counselors' professional pride and job satisfaction on one hand and their effective counselor characteristics and supervisors' behaviors on the other. The researchers found that the behaviors of counselors' supervisors directly, positively, and significantly predicted their effective counselor characteristics. They also found that effective counselor characteristics directly, positively, and significantly predicted counselors' professional pride and job satisfaction. Another finding was that effective counselor characteristics played a partial moderating role in the relationship between the behaviors of counselors' supervisors and their professional pride. The results suggested that counselors' job satisfaction is directly, positively, and significantly predicted by effective counselor characteristics. Effective counselor characteristics also played a partial moderating role in the relationship between the behaviors of counselors' supervisors and their job satisfaction. The research results were discussed in the light of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the challenges of 20 education supervisors in executing technology-assisted and in-person supervision. These supervisors oversee the curriculum articulation for over 200,000 Filipino learners in 85 Philippine public schools. Results showed that technology-assisted supervision (Mn=3.18; Md=3.26) outscored in-person supervision (Mn=2.88; Md=2.95), with the former mode of supervision obtaining higher perceived challenges than the latter. However, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test found an insignificant difference in their degrees of challenges when grouped according to the mode of supervision used (p-value=.191>.05), indicating the need to further explore the supervisors' experiences to improve their supervision quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical challenges of dissertations/theses supervision in Iran and to provide the codes of ethics for supervisors according to the challenges. The process of achieving this goal has consisted of four steps: determining ethical principles for supervision as a profession, identifying ethical challenges, examining the relationship between the challenges and the Iranian academic context, and codifying the ethical duties of supervisors. Accordingly, in the first step, a set of ethical principles that can be an ethical basis for research supervision as profession is justified. In the second step, research supervision challenges are extracted from the literature-researches as well as the regulations of various universities and institutes. In the third step, surveying a number of faculty members and graduated/graduate students we asked them how many of the challenges occur in the Iranian academic context, and also what other challenges can be added to our list of the challenges. The results of this step indicated the high relevance of the challenges to Iranian academic context. Due to the fact that both groups of supervisors and students participated in this research, it was possible to compare their ethical perspectives as well. In some cases, students and faculty members had divergent views on the importance and occurrence of some of the challenges. Finally, in the fourth step, based on the obtained challenges and in accordance to their instances, 36 independent codes were provided, and their relevance and comprehensiveness was evaluated in a focus group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on implicit leadership theory, this study examines the key conditions under which leader humility facilitates the career outcomes of employees. First, considering both similar-attraction and opposite-attraction perspectives within implicit leadership theory, we propose two competing hypotheses, and suggest that leader humility interacts with follower narcissism to predict perceived leader competence. Second, in accordance with implicit leadership theory, we propose that humble leaders are perceived to be more competent when the power distance climate is relatively lower. Further, we suggest that perception of their leaders as competent is positively related to followers' career satisfaction and proactive career behavior. To test our model, we implemented a multi-wave, time-lagged survey with 187 subordinate–supervisor dyads from 79 teams. The results demonstrate that followers who are highly narcissistic or who are members of groups with a lower power distance climate are more likely to regard humble leaders as competent, which allows them to experience enhanced career satisfaction and engage in more proactive career behavior. Both the theoretical and practical implications are discussed. • Adopt an implicit leadership theory perspective • Explore career satisfaction and proactive career behavior as two novel outcomes of leader humility • Leader humility is perceived as being more competent by followers who are more narcissistic. • Leader humility will be viewed as the ideal form of leadership by followers in a lower power distance climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

What does a supervisor do? What makes for good supervision? Is one a supervisor, or is it a role one steps into, that once embodied allows you to gather and hold insights plain-old-you don't have access to? This article, in the form of a case study, uses self-reflection and interviews with supervisees to explore these questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of supervision is supported in the research literature. Site supervision in school counseling does not require formal training. The absence of formal training has potential implications for the novice school counselor, the P-12 students they serve, and future school counseling supervisees. The authors compare current training models and explore best practices to improve site supervision for school counseling interns. accreditation, ethics, and current needs in school counseling for the school counselor intern and the site supervisor. Finally, the authors review supervision training and models, accreditation, ethics, and current needs for the school counselor intern and the site supervisor, including a recommendation for a school supervisory endorsement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Colombian Society of Psychoanalysis / Revista de la Sociedad Colombiana de Psicoanálisis is the property of Sociedad Colombiana de Psicoanalisis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the importance of supervision in the counseling fields for facilitating trainee growth, the frequency, type, and delivery of supervision varies widely and can be limited or nonexistent (Pearson, 2004). Thus, a supervisor in any counseling profession must have strong supervisory skills that match the needs of the trainee, even if their professional skills and background differ (Davies et al., 2004). This study examined the effectiveness of a professional development training for school counseling, rehabilitation counseling and school psychology site supervisors. Results demonstrated significant improvements in participant confidence in Managing Supervision as well as general improvements in self-reported self-efficacy. Future directions for supporting the ongoing professional development of supervisors is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) based on a think-globally-act-locally approach and a structurally minimal method. First, by using the think-globally-act-locally approach, a global idle place is temporarily added to a Petri net model with deadlocks. Then, at each iteration, an integer linear programming problem is formulated to design a minimal number of maximally permissive control places. Therefore, a supervisor with a low structural complexity is obtained since the number of control places is greatly compressed. Finally, by adding the designed supervisor, the resulting net model is optimally or near-optimally controlled. Three examples from the literature are used to illustrate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]