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Abstract: In this study, a series of organic amine-intercalated α-ZrP were prepared. The crystal phase, structures and properties of these intercalated compounds were analyzed and characterized using several analysis methods. The interlayer distance of organic amine-intercalated α-ZrP has increased regularly along with the increase of chain elongation of organic amine. The composites were applied to adsorb phenol from wastewater. The adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamic adsorption of phenol onto intercalated α-ZrP were studied. Adsorption isotherms of phenol were determined at different temperatures, and they were well fitted to the Freundlich equation (R2> 0.99), and the corresponding maximum adsorption capacity of phenol was 0.832 mmol/g. Batch kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption process followed a quasi-second-order kinetic model. The dynamic adsorption revealed that the adsorption capacity for phenol increased with the increase in temperature. The adsorption process was rapid and equilibrium was reached within 30 min. When the adsorption dosage is 0.1 g/15 mL, the adsorption yield for 10 mmol/L phenol solution can reach 61.2%.

This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the epidemiology of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to COVID‐19 in China. This study was conducted by 45 tertiary Grade‐A hospitals in China. Online and offline questionnaire data were obtained from patients infected with COVID‐19 between December 28, 2022, and February 21, 2023. The collected information included basic demographics, medical history, smoking and drinking history, vaccination history, changes in olfactory and gustatory functions before and after infection, and other postinfection symptoms, as well as the duration and improvement status of olfactory and gustatory disorders. Complete questionnaires were obtained from 35,566 subjects. The overall incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction was 67.75%. Being female or being a cigarette smoker increased the likelihood of developing olfactory and taste dysfunction. Having received four doses of the vaccine or having good oral health or being a alcohol drinker decreased the risk of such dysfunction. Before infection, the average olfactory and taste VAS scores were 8.41 and 8.51, respectively; after infection, they decreased to 3.69 and 4.29 and recovered to 5.83 and 6.55 by the time of the survey. The median duration of dysosmia and dysgeusia was 15 and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% of patients having symptoms lasting for more than 28 days. The overall self‐reported improvement rate was 59.16%. Recovery was higher in males, never smokers, those who received two or three vaccine doses, and those that had never experienced dental health issues, or chronic accompanying symptoms. The incidence of dysosmia and dysgeusia following infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is high in China. Incidence and prognosis are influenced by several factors, including sex, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, history of head‐facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking and drinking history, and the persistence of accompanying symptoms.

Histamine, found abundantly in salt-fermented foods, poses a risk of food poisoning. Natronobeatus ordinarius, a halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake, displayed a strong histamine degradation ability. Its histamine oxidase (HOD) gene was identified (hodNbs). This is the first report of an archaeal HOD. The HODNbsprotein was determined to be a tetramer with a molecular weight of 307 kDa. HODNbsdisplayed optimum activity at 60–65 °C, 1.5–2.0 M NaCl, and pH 6.5. Notably, within the broad NaCl range between 0.5 and 2.5 M, HODNbsretained above 50% of its maximum activity. HODNbsexhibited good thermal stability, pH stability, and salinity tolerance. HODNbswas able to degrade various biogenic amines. The Vmaxof HODNbsfor histamine was 0.29 μmol/min/mg, and the Kmwas 0.56 mM. HODNbsexhibited high efficiency in histamine removal from fish sauce, namely, 100 μg of HODNbsdegraded 5.63 mg of histamine (37.9%) in 10 g of fish sauce within 24 h at 50 °C. This study showed that HODNbswith excellent enzymatic properties has promising application potentials to degrade histamine in high-salt foods.

The anharmonicity of negative thermal expansion (NTE) compounds Ag2O and Cu2O is investigated by three-phonon scattering based on density functional theory. It is confirmed that the low-energy phonons are closely associated with the NTE behavior. Moreover, Ag2O with more remarkable negative Grüneisen parameters has stronger anharmonicity than Cu2O. The lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) is systematically studied, combining the correlation of LTC with temperature, frequency, and phonon mean free path. The results show that the LTC of Cu2O has a higher value and faster decrease rate than that of Ag2O. Phonons below 2.0 THz in Ag2O and below 10.0 THz in Cu2O can lead to rapid accumulation of LTC and contribute to the majority of LTC. The phonon lifetime is the only quantity in the expression for LTC that is directly affected by phonon anharmonicity. It is found that the low-frequency phonons of both compounds have an overwhelmingly long phonon lifetime, which leads to a more significant accumulation of LTC at low frequencies. To understand the role of the selection rules and three-phonon scattering phase space to the anharmonicity, we calculate the frequency-dependent joint density of states (JDOS) and weighted joint density of states (w-JDOS) and find that the recombination event of phonons in both compounds tends to occur at low-frequency region where acoustic phonons play an important role.

Witnessing violent or traumatic events is common during childhood and adolescence and could cause detrimental effects such as increased risks of psychiatric disorders. This stressor could be modeled in adolescent laboratory animals using the chronic witnessing social defeat (CWSD) paradigm, but the behavioral consequences of CWSD in adolescent animals remain to be validated for cognitive, anxiety-like, and depression-like behaviors and, more importantly, the underlying neural mechanisms remain to be uncovered. In this study, we first established the CWSD model in adolescent male mice and found that CWSD impaired cognitive function and increased anxiety levels and that these behavioral deficits persisted into adulthood. Based on the dorsal-ventral functional division in hippocampus, we employed immediate early gene c-fos immunostaining after behavioral tasks and found that CWSD-induced cognition deficits were associated with dorsal CA3 overactivation and anxiety-like behaviors were associated with ventral CA3 activity reduction. Indeed, chemogenetic activation and inhibition of dorsal CA3 neurons mimicked and reversed CWSD-induced recognition memory deficits (not anxiety-like behaviors), respectively, whereas both inhibition and activation of ventral CA3 neurons increased anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice. Finally, chronic administration of vortioxetine (a novel multimodal antidepressant) successfully restored the overactivation of dorsal CA3 neurons and the cognitive deficits in CWSD mice. Together, our findings suggest that dorsal CA3 overactivation mediates CWSD-induced recognition memory deficits in adolescent male mice, shedding light on the pathophysiology of adolescent CWSD-induced adverse effects and providing preclinical evidence for early treatment of stress-induced cognitive deficits.

Tourism, including education-related travel, is one of Australia’s top exports and generates substantial economic stimulus from Australians travelling in their own country, attracting visitors to diverse areas including World Heritage rainforests, picturesque beachside villages, winery townships and endemic wildlife. The globally unprecedented 2019-20 bushfires burned worst in some of these pristine tourist areas. The fires resulted in tourism shutting down in many parts of the country over the peak tourist season leading up to Christmas and into the New Year, and tourism dropped in many areas not physically affected by the fires. Our research quantified the cost of the short-term shock from tourism losses across the entire supply chain using input-output (IO) analysis, which is the most common method for disaster analysis; to this end, we also developed a framework for disaggregating the direct fire damages in different tourism sectors from which to quantify the impacts, because after the fires, the economy was affected by COVID-19. We calculated losses of AU$2.8 billion in total output, $1.56 billion in final demand, $810 million in income and 7300 jobs. Our estimates suggest aviation shouldered the most losses in both consumption and wages/salaries, but that accommodation suffered the most employment losses. The comprehensive analysis highlighted impacts throughout the nation, which could be used for budgeting and rebuilding in community-and-industry hotspots that may be far from the burn scar.

This study has demonstrated how oxygen plasma etching carves surface structures for thin films of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate)/homopolystyrene blends. By tuning the weight-fraction ratio, blend films form perforations and cylinders on the SiOx/Si substrate. Since perforations exist only on the free surface and substrate interface, short exposure to oxygen plasma to quickly etch the PMMA component produces distorted hexagonal arrays of nanodots on the free surface. The interior of the blend films forms polygrain micro-structures composed of parallel cylinders with an in-plane random orientation. Oxygen plasma etching imposed on the fractured surfaces results in five morphologies: (i) distorted hexagonal arrays of nanoholes, (ii) layer-by-layer stacks, (iii) zigzag-like arrays, (iv) intertwined rectangular arrays of nanodots and nanoholes, and (v) intertwined parallelogram arrays of nanodots and nanoholes. The morphologies suggest synergic effects of grain orientations, stresses, spatial confinement, local segregation of chains, and etching kinetics on the terraced films with oxygen plasma etching.

S-wave velocity structures are revealed using double-difference tomography, which shows large-scale low-velocity anomalies around the Xiaojiang and Lijiang−Xiaojinhe fault zones at 10−25 km depth. In contrast, an obvioushigh-speed anomaly exists in the center of Emeishan area, which is consistent with the EmeishanLarge Igneousprovince. Combined with the geological and geophysical data, the low-velocity anomaly might relate to the lower crustal flowof central Tibetan Plateau. The high-velocity anomaly associated with mantle plume in Emeishan would obstruct the crustal flow and limit it around the large deep faults. Meanwhile, the results also show that many mineral resources are mainly concentrated on the major faults and low-velocity zones, indicating that the lower crustal flow and the large deep faults provide conditions for mineral fluids and minerals deposit.

Straw returning to the field is a technical measure of crop production widely adopted in arid areas. It is unknown whether crop yield can be further increased by improving the eco-physiological characteristics when straw returning is applied in the crop production system. So, a three-year field experiment was conducted with various straw returning treatments for wheat production: (i) no-tillage with straw mulching (NTSM), (ii) no-tillage with straw standing (NTSS), (iii) conventional tillage with straw incorporation (CTS), and (iv) conventional tillage with no straw returning (CT, control). The eco-physiological and yield formation indicators were investigated to provide the basis for selecting the appropriate straw returning method to increase wheat yield and clarifying its regulation mechanism on eco-physiology. The results showed that NTSM and NTSS treatments had better regulation of eco-physiological characteristics and had a higher yield increase than CTS and CT. Meanwhile, NTSM had a relatively higher yield than NTSS through better regulation of eco-physiological characteristics. Compared to CT, the leaf area index of NTSM was decreased by 6.1–7.6% before the Feekes 10.0 stage of wheat, but that of NTSM was increased by 38.9–45.1% after the Feekes 10.0 stage. NTSM effectively regulated the dynamics of the photosynthetic source of green leaves during the wheat growth period. NTSM improved net photosynthetic rate by 10.2–21.4% and 11.0–21.6%, raised transpiration rate by 4.4–10.0% and 5.3–6.1%, increased leaf water use efficiency by 5.6–10.4% and 5.4–14.6%, at Feekes 11.0 and 11.2 stages of wheat, compared to CT, respectively. NTSM had higher leaf water potential (LWP) by 7.5–12.0% and soil water potential (SWP) by 8.9–24.0% from Feekes 10.3 to 11.2 stages of wheat than CT. Meanwhile, the absolute value of difference on LWP and SWP with NTSM was less than that with CT, indicating that NTSM was conducive to holding the stability of water demand for wheat plants and water supply of soil at arid conditions. Thus, NTSM had a greater grain yield of wheat by 18.6–27.3% than CT, and the high yield was attributed to the synchronous increase and cooperative development of ear number, grain number per ear, and 1 000-grain weight. NTSM had a positive effect on regulating the eco-physiological characteristics and can be recommended to enhance wheat grain yield in arid conditions.

This study demonstrates hierarchical instabilities in thin films. The hierarchical instabilities display three morphological characteristics: (1) windmill-like patterns at the macroscale, (2) Bénard cells and striations at the microscale, and (3) holes at the mesoscale. Such hierarchical instabilities occurred when spin coating was performed on high-volatile solutions under a high relative humidity (RH) but were suppressed when spin coating was performed on low-volatile solutions regardless of the RH. The high-volatile solutions comprise poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in methanol or ethanol. The low-volatility solutions comprise P4VP in propanol or butanol. P4VP molecular weights, P4VP concentrations, spin rates, and film thicknesses are not vital factors in forming hierarchical instability in spin-coated P4VP films. Instead, the formation of hierarchical instabilities depends on the RH and solvent types. Namely, the hierarchical instabilities are driven by Bénard–Marangoni convection, water vapor condensation, and disturbance of spin-up and spin-off stages during spin coating of highly volatile solutions under high RH. Mechanisms of hierarchical instabilities are interpreted in detail.

The construction of polyoxometalate (POM)-based coordination polymers, in the presence of a nitrogen heterocyclic ligand, is intriguing due to the potential for obtaining diverse structures. These structures exhibit extensive application possibilities in the fields of proton conductivity and magnetism. Herein, four new POM-based polynuclear coordination polymers with the formulas of {[Fe2(btb)3(H2O)2(SiW12O40)]·3H2O}n(1), {[Cd2(btb)2(H2O)6(HPMoVI10MoV2O40)]·2H2O}n(2), {[Co3(OH)2(btb)2(H2O)5(HPMoVI10MoV2O40)]·7H2O}n(3), and {[Cu3(OH)(btb)2(H2O)(HP2Mo5O23)]·6H2O}n(4) have been prepared using the V-type 1,3-bis(4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)benzene (btb) ligand. Compounds 1and 2feature similar two-dimensional (2D) structures, derived from the binuclear Fe2N6and Cd2N4subunits connected by tridentate btb ligands. Meanwhile, in compound 3, hexanuclear Co6(OH)4units are bound by quadridentate btb ligands forming a 2D layer with the same 4-c sqltopology simplification as compounds 1and 2. In compound 1, Keggin-type polyoxoanions are monodentate-coordinated to metal ions and suspended on the 2D structure, while, in compounds 2and 3, they act as discrete counterions residing in the interstitial spaces between two adjacent layers, thereby extending the 2D structures into 3D structures through hydrogen bonding interactions. In compound 4, trinuclear Cu3(OH) subunits are further constructed into a 3D framework through cooperation with four tridentate and quadridentate btb ligands as well as Strandberg-type anions. Furthermore, the proton conduction of the four compounds has been investigated. They display high proton conductivities at 358 K and 98% RH with powdered samples, which are 1.26 × 10–3, 1.24 × 10–3, 3.24 × 10–4, and 2.57 × 10–4S cm–1, respectively. Interestingly, by mixing with Nafion, the composite membranes of compounds 2and 4exhibit enhanced proton conductivities, measuring at 4.87 × 10–2and 1.28 × 10–2S cm–1, respectively, at 358 K and 98% RH, which suggests excellent potential for applications. In addition, compounds 1, 3, and 4display antiferromagnetic behaviors due to similar magnetic interactions. This work can provide research insights into the assembly of 2D POM-based coordination polymers with nitrogen heterocyclic ligands and Keggin-type POMs and further promote their research progress in proton conduction.

Background: There is a growing need for Chinese state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) to utilize Twitter, as an effective communicative tool in the professional business context, to build a credible image to the global community. Literature review: Little attention has been paid to measuring the discursive construction of message credibility through corporate Twitter. Therefore, based on the theoretical insights of message credibility from existing literature on communication and information science, our study has conceptually developed a broad framework to measure the message credibility of CSOEs’ Twitter discourse from two general aspects (content and form), four separate levels ({thematic}, {intrinsic}, {contextual}, and {representational}), and nine specific dimensions (<capability>, <morality>, <objectivity>, <authority>, <accuracy>, <informativeness>, <timeliness>, <consistency>, and <persuasiveness>). With the help of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and corpus tools (MAT, CLA, TAALES, GAMET, SÉANCE, and TAACO), the framework has been practically operationalized by a total of 62 discursive features, including 18 content-based themes (thematic features) and 44 form-based features. Research questions: 1. What themes do CSOEs develop, and how do they express these themes to establish message credibility in their tweets? 2. Which dimensions of message credibility are significantly highlighted in CSOEs’ tweets? 3. Which enterprises establish the highest message credibility in their tweets? Methodology: We collected tweets during the year 2020 from the official Twitter accounts of 15 CSOEs and applied our operationalized framework to conduct nine separate One-way ANOVAs, a principal component analysis (PCA), and a mean-value based descriptive statistics comparison, respectively. Results: First, CSOEs developed themes including strength, power, cooperation, and legitimacy, among others, and used discursive features including nominalizations, mentions/@ , word length, time adverbials, hashtags/#, and semantic overlaps, among others when expressing these themes to establish message credibility. Second, CSOEs significantly highlighted the <capability>, <authority>, <informativeness>, and <consistency> dimensions of message credibility in their tweets. Last, China National Machinery Industry Co. (Sinomach), China Datang Co. (CDC), China Railway Engineering Co. (CREC), and China State Construction Engineering Co. (CSCEC) were found to have established the highest message credibility in their tweets. Discussion and conclusion: Our study may be the first to generate an NLP-cum-corpus-operationalized framework to quantitatively measure the discursive realization of message credibility in the context of business communication on social media. It also provides some practical insights into how relevant business professions can utilize certain discursive resources to establish message credibility in the B2C communication on social media.

Objective: The global aim to lower preterm birth rates has been hampered by the insufficient and incomplete understanding of its etiology, classification, and diagnosis. This study was designed to evaluate the association of phenotypically classified preterm syndromes with neonatal outcomes; to what extent would these outcomes be modified after the obstetric interventions, including use of glucocorticoid, magnesium sulfate, and progesterone. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at Tongji Hospital (composed of Main Branch, Optical Valley Branch and Sino-French New City Branch) in Wuhan. A total of 900 pregnant women and 1064 neonates were retrospectively enrolled. The outcomes were the distribution of different phenotypes among parturition signs and pathway to delivery, the association of phenotypically classified clusters with short-term unfavorable neonatal outcomes, and to what extent these outcomes could be modified by obstetric interventions. Results: Eight clusters were identified using two-step cluster analysis, including premature rupture of fetal membranes (PPROM) phenotype, abnormal amniotic fluid (AF) phenotype, placenta previa phenotype, mixed condition phenotype, fetal distress phenotype, preeclampsia-eclampsia & hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (PE-E&HELLP) phenotype, multiple fetus phenotype, and no main condition phenotype. Except for no main condition phenotype, the other phenotypes were associated with one or more complications, which conforms to the clinical practice. Compared with no main condition phenotype, some phenotypes were significantly associated with short-term adverse neonatal outcomes. Abnormal AF phenotype, mixed condition phenotype, PE-E&HELLP phenotype, and multiple fetus phenotype were risk factors for neonatal small-for gestation age (SGA); placenta previa phenotype was not associated with adverse outcomes except low APGAR score being 0–7 at one min; mixed condition phenotype was associated with low APGAR scores, SGA, mechanical ventilation, and grade HI-W intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH); fetal distress phenotype was frequently associated with neonatal SGA and mechanical ventilation; PE-E&HELLP phenotype was correlated with low APGAR score being 0–7 at one min, SGA and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission; multiple fetus phenotype was not a risk factor for the outcomes included except for SGA. Not all neonates benefited from obstetric interventions included in this study. Conclusion: Our research disclosed the independent risk of different preterm phenotypes for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study is devoted to putting forward the paradigm of classifying preterm birth phenotypically, with the ultimate purpose of defining preterm phenotypes based on multi-center studies and diving into the underlying mechanisms.

Photon-electron interactions are essential for many areas such as energy conversion, signal processing, and emerging quantum science. However, the current demonstrations are typically targeted to fiber and on-chip applications and lack of study in wave space. Here, we introduce a concept of optoelectronic metasurface that is capable of realizing direct and efficient optical–microwave interactions in free space. The optoelectronic metasurface is realized via a hybrid integration of microwave resonant meta-structures with a photoresponsive material. As a proof of concept, we construct an ultrathin optoelectronic metasurface using photodiodes that is bias free, which is modeled and analyzed theoretically by using the light-driven electronic excitation principle and microwave network theory. The incident laser and microwave from the free space will interact with the photodiode-based metasurface simultaneously and generate strong laser–microwave coupling, where the phase of output microwave depends on the input laser intensity. We experimentally verify that the reflected microwave phase of the optoelectronic metasurface decreases as the incident laser power becomes large, providing a distinct strategy to control the vector fields by the power intensity. Our results offer fundamentally new understanding of the metasurface capabilities and the wave–matter interactions in hybrid materials.

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•PI is an important interlayer dielectric material with excellent comprehensive properties.•PIs are widely served as flexible dielectric materials due to their excellent properties.•The synthesis and applications of low dielectric PIs have been systematically summarized.•This review prospects the development prospects of low dielectric PI.

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff over a whole year were measured by using successional runoff water collection devices. The four experimental treatments were conventional fertilization (CK), drip fertigation (DF), conventional fertilization combined with plant hedgerows (C+H), and drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows (D+H). The results from one year of continuous monitoring showed a significant positive correlation between precipitation and surface runoff discharge. Surface runoff discharge under the treatments without plant hedgerows totaled 15.86% of precipitation, while surface runoff discharge under the treatments with plant hedgerows totaled 12.82% of precipitation. Plant hedgerows reduced the number of runoff events and the amount of surface runoff. Precipitation is the main driving force for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff, and fertilization is an important factor affecting the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus. In CK, approximately 7.36% of nitrogen and 2.63% of phosphorus from fertilization entered the surface water through runoff. Drip fertigation reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and lowered the runoff loss concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows significantly reduced the overall TN and TP losses by 45.38 and 36.81%, respectively, in comparison to the CK totals. Drip fertigation increased the vertical migration depth of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil, which increased the pear yield. The promotion of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows will greatly reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to runoff and maintain the high fruit yields in the intensive orchards of the Tai Lake Basin.

Background: With the development of digital technologies, Twitter allows organizations to make better use of social media for impression management, advertising, and marketing. Literature review: As a recently developed register, Twitter has been researched as a personal-oriented communication method, but little research has been conducted on the register of corporate Twitter use. This study, exploring Twitter use by the 2020 US Fortune 500 banks and energy corporations, may be the first one to conduct register analysis of corporate Twitter. Methodology: This study used summary language variables of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) as dimensions of register variation, and also conducted categorical multidimensional analysis (CMDA) of linguistic features and features specific to Twitter. Research questions: 1. What are the patterns of register variation in the tweets of US banks and energy corporations based on the results of four LIWC summary variables and the CMDA method? 2. Are there any differences between tweets of the two industries within each pattern of register variation? Results and conclusions: Results showed that tweets of both industries tend to display a categorical, confident self-regulating style, and a mixed tone. Tweets of banks are more formal, self-regulating, and oriented toward narrative (congratulatory, positive informational, and effortful), while tweets of energy corporations are more authentic and oriented toward interaction (advisory, routine, and affiliative). Tweets having narrative functions tend to be formal in style and positive in tone, while tweets having interactive functions tend to display corporations’ confidence and leadership. Corporate Twitter is characterized by the integration of interaction and informational narrative, or “registerial hybridity.” Overall, this study strengthens the idea that corporations use Twitter to facilitate corporate communication with a broadcasting strategy and narrative perspective, and to improve digital communication with an engaging strategy. Findings may shed light on promoting products and corporate impression management on social media.

Salt domes are favorable geological structures associated with hydrocarbon reservoirs and critical mineral resources. Currently, imaging salt diapir subsurface structures have received widespread attention. The gravity method has been widely used to interpret salt structures due to the significant density contrast between salts and surrounding sediments. However, complex mass sources at different depths challenge the interpretation of the gravity data over salt domes. In this study, we put forward the mixed L1- and L2-norm regularized inversion of the gravity data observed on the surface to image the 3-D subsurface structure of salt domes. The synthetic tests demonstrate that the mixed-norm regularization inversion of gravity data can effectively recover subsurface complex density anomalies similar to salt dome structures. The practical application in the Vinton Salt Dome reveals a shallow high-density caprock and a deep low-density salt core beneath Vinton Dome, greatly enriching the underground structure information of the study area. It demonstrates that the mixed-norm regularized inversion is a valuable interpretation technique for detecting and delineating salt structures.

Link prediction for knowledge graphs aims to predict missing connections between entities. Prevailing methods are limited to a transductive setting and hard to process unseen entities. The recently proposed subgraph-based models provide alternatives to predict links from the subgraph structure surrounding a candidate triplet. However, these methods require abundant known facts of training triplets and perform poorly on relationships that only have a few triplets. In this paper, we propose Meta-iKG, a novel subgraph-based meta-learner for few-shot inductive relation reasoning. Meta-iKG utilizes local subgraphs to transfer subgraph-specific information and to rapidly learn transferable patterns via meta-gradients. In this way, we find the model can quickly adapt to few-shot relationships using only a handful of known facts with inductive settings. Moreover, we introduce a large-shot relation updating procedure to ensure that our model can generalize well to both few-shot and large-shot relations. We evaluate Meta-iKG on inductive benchmarks sampled from the NELL and Freebase, and the results show that Meta-iKG outperforms the currently state-of-the-art methods in both few-shot scenarios and standard inductive settings.

A wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field (WSPMF) was obtained by adjusting the number of current pulses and the pulse interval between adjacent pulses. The effect of WSPMF on the grain refinement of pure aluminium was studied. The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the WSPMF was simulated to reveal the grain refining mechanism. Results show that the grain refinement is attributed to the combined effect of the melt flow and oscillation under a WSPMF. When the pulse interval is 5 ms, the extreme value of electromagnetic force is the highest, and the size of the crystal nucleus is 0.35 mm. In the case of similar flow rates, the grain size gradually decreases as the pulse interval increases. The range of the harmonic frequency of the magnetic field gradually expands with the increase of the pulse interval, which can provide more energy for nucleation at the solid-liquid interface and promote nucleation.

Poly(2-vinyl pyridine), P2VP, films display a surface pattern of craters in a dried state after being immersed in aqueous solutions containing HAuCl4and its mixtures with low contents of K2CO3. The morphologies of craters indicate that the formation of craters involves three stages through film blistering and drying: (i) the permeability of water and solutes to swell P2VP films, (ii) partial wetting of liquid droplets near the substrate interface in the presence of the P2VP film, and (iii) evaporation-driven flows. The three stages produce the swelling pressure, Laplace pressure, and interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning effects, respectively, by which craters of different dimensions and morphologies are obtained. The first stage softens the P2VP films and produces swelling pressure. This stage relies on interactions between AuCl4–ions, water, and protonated P2VP chains. The second stage produces liquid droplets inside the film and near the substrate interface. The surface tensions of those liquid droplets at contact lines deform swollen P2VP films. Changing film thicknesses or substrate types alters craters’ lateral dimension and depth. The results indicate that film thicknesses and substrate interface energies influence the shape and dimension of liquid droplets on the substrate interface. The third stage determines morphologies of craters through interplays among capillary flows, Marangoni flows, and pinning/depinning events.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasingly recognized as a serious disease that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. However, there is no effective drug to thwart the progression of the disease. Development of new drugs for NASH is an urgent clinical need. Liver biopsy plays a key role in the development of new NASH drugs. Histological findings based on liver biopsy are currently used as the main inclusion criteria and the primary therapeutic endpoint in NASH clinical trials. However, there are inherent challenges in the use of liver biopsy in clinical trials, such as evaluation reliability, sampling error, and invasive nature of the procedure. In this article, we review the advantages and value of liver histopathology based on liver biopsy in clinical trials of new NASH drugs. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of liver biopsy and identify future drug development directions.

We investigated velocity and anisotropic structure of the crust beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to better understand its deformation and evolution mechanism. We performed H‐κand Pmsanisotropy analyses to obtain crustal thickness, Vp/Vsratio, fast polarization direction, and splitting time from 711 stations, and further conducted quality control using slowness, harmonic and statistical analyses. The Songpan‐Ganzi Block has a large splitting time and a fast polarization direction roughly parallel to the GPS motion and SKS fast direction. It also shows an overall high but complex distribution of Vp/Vsratio, and large variations in crustal thickness, indicating that crustal deformation is likely caused by crustal shortening and lower crustal flow. The northern Sichuan‐Yunnan Rhombic Block (SYRB) is featured by a thick crust and high Vp/Vsratio, suggesting that the crust is likely inflated by partial melting lower crustal rocks. The subblock also exhibits a strong azimuthal anisotropy with a splitting time greater than 0.6 s. The fast polarization direction aligns with the nearly N‐S extended direction and rotates clockwise in front of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The observed anisotropy agrees with aligned amphibole minerals under a simple shear condition, supporting a southward lower crust flow being diverted by the ELIP. Anisotropy measurements on the southern SYRB are less robust and widely scattered, suggesting a deformation mechanism different from the northern SYRB. In addition, the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin shows a systematic pattern of crustal anisotropy consistent with a pure shear deformation mechanism. We studied the crustal structure and deformation beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. By analyzing teleseismic data from 727 stations, we measured crust thickness, Vp/Vs ratio, and azimuthal anisotropy using receiver functions. Our findings show a complex crustal behavior pattern in the eastern Tibet margin. In the Songpan‐Ganzi Block, crustal shortening and lower crust flow seem to be causing deformation. The northern Sichuan‐Yunnan Rhombic Block, with its thick crust and high Vp/Vsratio, appears to be influenced by partial melting of lower crust rocks. And a southward lower crust flow being diverted by the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. The eastern and southern part of this block shows a different pattern, indicating a unique deformation mechanism. Additionally, the southeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin appears to undergo a distinct type of crustal deformation. A new crustal model with much more reliable and denser Pmsanisotropic measurements is built in the eastern Tibetan MarginSongpan‐Ganzi Block is likely deformed by crustal shortening and lower crustal flowChannel flow may exist in the west low velocity zone (LVZ) while absent at the east LVZ A new crustal model with much more reliable and denser Pmsanisotropic measurements is built in the eastern Tibetan Margin Songpan‐Ganzi Block is likely deformed by crustal shortening and lower crustal flow Channel flow may exist in the west low velocity zone (LVZ) while absent at the east LVZ

Four chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) catalysts were fabricated by a hydrothermal method using different copper and iron precursors at different valence states. The prepared CuFeS2samples were then evaluated for the oxidative degradation of Congo red (CR) using sodium percarbonate (SPC) as the oxidant. The sample of CuFeS2-1, which was prepared from Cu (I) and Fe (II) precursors, exhibited the highest CR removal efficiency of 96.6% among the four CuFeS2samples. Using CuFeS2-1 as the optimum catalyst, the effects of operation and environmental factors on the removal efficiency of CR were investigated in detail. Mechanism studies showed that CO3•−was the main reactive oxidative species in the reaction process, while O2•−and low-valent sulfur species together promoted the regeneration of Fe (II) and Cu (I) sites on the catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) to propose the plausible degradation pathway. Finally, toxicity prediction showed that most of the degradation products showed decreased toxicity compared to the parent CR, and toxicity evaluation with Vigna radiatafurther revealed the declined toxicity.