Search

This work investigates the effects of total ionizing dose (TID) irradiation bias, temperature, dose, and post-irradiation annealing on the threshold voltage hysteresis of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. The research reveals that the TID effect decreases the threshold voltage hysteresis, which is proportional to the accumulation of radiation-induced charges in the gate oxide. The reduction in threshold voltage hysteresis is unrelated to the change of the interface-trapped charges. However, it is mainly caused by the reduction of the nonequilibrium interface trapped charge energy range ( $\Delta {E}_{\text {VTH}}$ ). The radiation-induced charges can exacerbate the hole emission process of the donor interface traps during the up-sweep process, which causes an upward shift of the lower boundary of $\Delta {E}_{\text {VTH}}$ . The slight shift of the Fermi energy level during the down-sweep process leads to no significant change in the upper boundary of $\Delta {E}_{\text {VTH}}$ . Eventually, the TID effect causes a reduction in the threshold voltage hysteresis. The changes in the occupation probability of the donor and acceptor interface traps during the scanning of the ${I} _{\text {DS}}$ – ${V} _{\text {GS}}$ curves were extracted by TCAD simulation. The results showed that the inconsistent changes in the occupation probability of the donor interface traps in the up-sweep and down-sweep curves cause a reduction of the threshold voltage hysteresis. The analysis was further verified using different voltage sweep ranges in the experiment.

ABSTRACTProbing influence by perioperative nursing mediated by 3D printing and mind mapping in gynecological tumor laparoscopy. 90 subjects divided into three groups: A (n=30), B (n=30) and C (n=30). Each group was given a different type of nursing intervention postoperative recovery (postoperative anal gas exhausting time, eating time, hospital stay, leaving bed-time, and drainage tube extraction time) were compared among the three groups. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)/Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), strategies Used by People to Promote Health (SUPPH), Generic quality-of-life Inventory (GQOLI-74) scores and complication rates were compared among the three groups. The postoperative recovery of group A and B was better than group C, and group A was better than group B (P<0.05). Post-intervening, HAMA/HAMD scorings within groups A/B reduced compared with group C, with group A＞group B (P<0.05). The complication rate of group A and B was lower than that of group C (P<0.05). Perioperative nursing mediated by 3D printing and mind mapping works well.

We have developed a convenient synthetic protocol for efficient construction of significant dihydrobenzofuran and benzofuran scaffolds by Lewis base-mediated annulation reaction ortho-iminophenols and ortho-vinylphenols with MBH carbonates of isatins under mild and metal-free conditions. The selective generation of different kinds of dihydrobenzofuran and benzofuran derivatives was successfully achieved by employing different substituted isatin-derived MBH carbonates with ortho-N-tosyliminophenols and ortho-vinylphenols. The features included broad substrate scopes, excellent functional group compatibility, high molecular diversity, and atomic economy.

Manipulating the electronic structure of organic functional materials by through-space conjugation (TSC) to achieve desirable photophysical properties has been a long-standing research focus. Although the working mechanisms of TSC have been demonstrated, the roles that the intrinsic molecular skeleton and extrinsic aggregates play remain unclear. Here four trinaphthylmethanol isomers and four trinaphthylmethane (TNM) isomers with varying connecting sites of naphthalene were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were systematically investigated. The strength of TSC was found to rise from 222-TNM to 111-TNM with the increased number of 1-naphthalene units. In particular, 111-TNM was found to support efficient long-wavelength clusteroluminescence with an absolute quantum yield of 55%. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that the inherent attribute of robust intramolecular interactions within individual molecules is fundamental for ultrastrong TSC, and intermolecular interactions play an auxiliary role in fortifying and stabilizing intramolecular interactions. This work reveals the intrinsic and extrinsic factors for manipulating TSC and provides a reliable strategy for constructing non-conjugated luminogens with efficient clusteroluminescence.

Hybrid rice, widely planted in Asia, is pathogen resistant and has superior yields, making it a major contributor to global food security. The two-line hybrid rice system, which utilizes mutants exhibiting photo-/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS), is the leading hybrid rice breeding technology. Mutations in THERMO-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILE 5(TMS5) accounts for over 95% of current TGMS lines. We previously found that tms5carries a mutation in ribonuclease ZS1. Despite its importance for breeding robust rice lines, the mechanism underlying tms5-mediated TGMS remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TMS5 is a tRNA 2′,3′-cyclic phosphatase. The tms5mutation leads to accumulation of 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (cP)-ΔCCA-tRNAs (tRNAs without 3′ CCA ended with cP), which is exacerbated by high temperatures, and reduction in the abundance of mature tRNAs, particularly alanine tRNAs (tRNA-Alas). Overexpression of tRNA-Alas in the tms5mutant restores male fertility to 70%. Remarkably, male fertility of tms5mutant is completely restored at high temperatures by knocking out OsVms1which encodes the enzyme for cP-ΔCCA-tRNA generation. Our study reveals the mechanism underlying tms5-mediated TGMS in rice and provides mechanistic insight into the further improvement of TGMS in hybrid crop development.

Under high speeds and heavy loads, gear tooth surfaces will be worn, which will lead to accidents. The current wear prediction model is not comprehensive, but the wear prediction model that considers the temperature field and dynamic response can provide more accurate gear wear fault early warning than previous methods. Therefore, according to the Archard model, the discrete wear prediction model of the tooth surface is deduced in this paper, and the wear evolution trend of the tooth surface is predicted and analyzed in each operation stage. The tooth surface temperature field was simulated by the finite-element method, and the tooth surface wear prediction model was improved considering its influence on materials. In addition, the dynamic model of the compound planetary transmission system was established, and the wear prediction model was improved again by using its nonlinear meshing force. Finally, the tooth wear prediction model under the interaction of the dynamic response and temperature field was obtained. A wear measurement method based on duplicate adhesive film was proposed. The wear evolution trend along the tooth length direction and the tooth width direction were measured, and the accuracy of the wear prediction model was verified. The results show that the wear depth along the tooth width direction is larger in the middle part and smaller on both sides under the influence of temperature. After the interference of the dynamic response, the wear depth along the tooth rectangle fluctuates, which is very similar to the results of the theoretical prediction model. It provides a theoretical basis for the early warning of gear health status in practical engineering.

•Polymicrobial infections are common in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients with pulmonary infections.•The sensitivity of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection after allo-HSCT was significantly higher compared to that of conventional microbiological tests.•mNGS showed unique advantages in the detection of bacterial, viral, mixed infection, and special pathogens.

• The novel biochar decorated Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunction is fabricated. • Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /C heterojunction can effectively degrade norfloxacin. • Enhanced ability is ascribed to the synergistic effect of adsorption- photocatalytic. • Charge separation efficiency is significantly improved by the S-scheme model. • The effect factors, active species, intermediates and mechanism were studied. In this work, a novel biochar decorated Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 S-scheme heterojunction was successfully prepared for Norfloxacin (NOR) degradation, and it was found that the 5 %-Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /C heterojunction exhibited the excellent photocatalytic degradation activity toward NOR, degrading 92.5 % of NOR within 72 min under visible light irradiation. The effects of pH, dosage, and concentration of the NOR on the photocatalytic activity were also systematically investigated. The mechanism studies revealed that the active species like hole (h +), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide radical(·O 2 –) play a predominant role in the NOR degradation, and the enhanced removal rate of Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /C heterojunction can be attributed to the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalytic process. In addition, an S-scheme transfer channel in the interface of the Bi 4 O 5 Br 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /C heterojunction is proposed, which can effectively improve the separation of the photogenerated carriers and enhance the photocatalytic performance. This research provides inspiration for designing S-scheme heterojunction for wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al-Li alloy has been widely adopted in the aerospace field because of its high specific strength, low density, superior low-temperature properties, good corrosion resistance, and excellent superplastic forming properties. However, the good plasticity of Al-Li alloy causes the material to adhere to tools, decreasing surface quality and tool life. Multi-energy field coupling of cold plasma (CP) and nano-lubricant minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) may solve this problem, in which the selection and flow rate optimization of the nano-lubricant are of great importance. Micro-milling experiments were carried out using this assisted method, which was characterized by micro-milling force, micro-morphology, 3D surface morphology, tool wear, and surface roughness (Sa). The mechanism was revealed by contact angle test, transmission electron microscope (TEM), nano-scratch experiment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanoindentation test, and friction coefficient characterization. Results indicated that CP could improve the wettability of different nano-lubricants on the workpiece surface and enhance the removal rate of Al-Li alloy. A comparison of different nano-lubricants revealed that the Al2O3nano-lubricant showed excellent performance in reducing micro-milling force, tool wear, and Sa. In addition, when coupling CP and Al2O3nano-lubricant for micro-milling Al-Li alloy, a surface with Sa value of 13 nm could be obtained, which was 59.4 % and 31.6 % lower than that of dry and Al2O3nano-lubricant, respectively. Finally, the usage of the Al2O3nano-lubricant was optimized to 6–7.5 mL/h under the guarantee of machined surface quality.

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), due to their structural rearrangement under external stimulation, offer the potential for various physical and chemical sensing applications. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a novel microtip highly sensitive temperature sensor, consisting of a tapered hollow-core fiber (HCF) filled with glycerol and CLCs. We use reflectance spectroscopy to study the temperature characteristics of various liquid crystals. To enhance the sensitivity of the liquid crystals, a dual-peak sensitivity overlay method is employed for temperature sensing. Furthermore, we measured mouse temperature differences between normal tissues and tumor tissues. The variation in subcutaneous tissue temperature contributes to the diagnosis of malignant tumors in soft tissues, presenting significant potential applications in the field of human medical research.

The first example rotaxane@MOF (named as CUST-761) has been designed and constructed via combining CB[6]-based rotaxane ([PR44]2+·2[NO3]−), 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate sodium salts (Na2BPDC), and transition metal cadmium ion under solvothermal conditions. X-ray single crystal diffraction revealed CUST-761exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure where rotaxanes are well embedded in the crystal lattices formed by BPDCs and cadmium ions. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) showed that CUST-761possesses excellent stability. The utility of CUST-761as fluorescence sensors has also been discussed. The results indicated that CUST-761can be used as a multiresponsive fluorescence sensor for detecting Fe3+and Cr2O72–with good sensitivity, high selectivity, and recoverability, even in the presence of other interfering ions. Besides, CUST-761also can selectively detect nitrofurantoin. The mechanism of CUST-761as a multiresponsive fluorescence sensor for detecting Fe3+, Cr2O72–, and the antibiotic nitrofurantoin has been clarified by experiments and theoretical calculations. This work provides insights into the design and synthesis of fluorescence sensing crystal-state materials.

In modern navigation and positioning systems, accurate location information is crucial for ensuring system performance and user experience. Particularly, in scenarios involving the use of multiple agents such as robots and drones for rescue operations in unknown complex environments, accurate localization is fundamental for subsequent actions. However, traditional filtering-based localization algorithms may exhibit suboptimal performance and are sensitive to initial estimates and system noise. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-agent collaborative localization algorithm based on reinforcement learning compensation filtering to tackle localization problems in complex environments and improve the robustness and accuracy. Specifically, this paper introduces a value decomposition-based reinforcement learning network for filtering compensation to reduce overall localization error and address the credit allocation problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: Firstly, a local localization estimation method based on reinforcement learning compensation Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed, which further corrects the results of the EKF algorithm and eliminates initial estimation errors. Secondly, a global collaborative localization estimation algorithm (MARL_CF) based on credit allocation in multi-agent reinforcement learning is proposed, which maximizes the reduction of overall localization error through information sharing and global optimization. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is validated through both numerical simulation and physical experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed MARL_CF significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of localization in complex environments.

Weight loss through lifestyle interventions, notably low-energy diets, offers glycemic benefits in populations with overweight-associated prediabetes. However, >50% of these individuals fail to achieve normoglycemia after weight loss. Circulating lipids hold potential for evaluating dietary impacts and predicting diabetes risk.

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of the most important participants of antioxidant enzyme system in biological system. Previous studies have found that SOD1 is associated with many inflammatory diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the associations of serum SOD1 with the severity and prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients by a prospective cohort study.

The utilization of structure distortion to modulate the electronic structure and alter catalytic properties of metallic nanomaterials is a well-established practice, but accurately identifying and comprehensively understanding these distortions present significant challenges. Ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters with well-defined structures serve as exemplary model systems to illustrate the structure chemistry of nanomaterials, among which few studies have investigated nanocluster models that incorporate structural distortions. In this work, a novel copper hydride nanocluster, Cu42(PPh3)8(RS)4(CF3COO)10(CH3O)4H10(Cu42; PPh3is triphenylphosphine and RSH is 2,4-dichlorophenylthiol), with a highly twisted structure has been synthesized in a simple way. Structural analysis reveals Cu42comprises two Cu25units that are conjoined in a nearly orthogonal manner. The dramatic distortion in the metal framework, which is driven by multiple interactions from the surface ligands, endows the cluster with a rich array of uncoordinated metal sites on the surface. The resulting cluster, as envisioned, exhibits remarkable activity in catalyzing carbonylation of anilines. The findings from this study not only provides atomically precise insights into the structural distortions that are pertinent to nanoparticle catalysts but also underscores the potential of structurally distorted NCs as a burgeoning generation of catalysts with precise structures and outstanding performances that can be tailored for specific functions.

A novel and highly efficient Pd-catalyzed arylation of sulfenate anions with aryl thianthrenium salts is demonstrated. This procedure provides a practical protocol to synthesize various diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfoxides in moderate-to-good yields. The new approach shows mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance.

Enzymes are known for their remarkable catalytic efficiency across a wide range of applications. Here, we present a novel and convenient nanoreactor platform based on zwitterionic polyelectrolyte complex vesicles (PCVs), assembled from oppositely charged homopoly(2-oxazoline)s, facilitating enzyme immobilization. We show remarkable enhancements in catalytic activity and stability by encapsulation of lipase as a model enzyme. Even as the temperature rises, the performance of the lipase remains robust. Further, the structural characteristics of PCVs, including hollow architecture and semipermeable membranes, endow them with unique advantages for enzyme cascade reactions involving glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A decline in catalytic efficiency is shown when the enzymes are individually loaded and subsequently mixed, in contrast to the coloaded GOx–HRP–PCV group. We demonstrate that the vesicle structures establish confined environments where precise enzyme–substrate interactions facilitate enhanced catalytic efficiency. In addition, the nanoreactors exhibit excellent biocompatibility and efficient anti-tumor activity, which hold significant promise for biomedical applications within enzyme-based technologies.

At present, it is very necessary to select and prepare suitable positive and negative electrode materials to fabricate high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the energy storage field due to their high conductivity. As a branch, the zirconium organic framework (UIO-66) is a promising porous material due to its large specific surface area and abundant Zr centers. Graphene oxide (GO) and MXene are very suitable as substrate materials for conducting an MOF due to their abundant active sites and adjustable interlayer distance. The GO/MXene@NiZrP prepared through an in situ composite of GO and Mxene with the hydrothermal method and calcining method showed excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with the precursor UIO-66, the specific capacitance of the final product GO/MXene@NiZrP increases more than ten times, mainly because of its special layered porous structure, and GO/MXene@NiZrP has a larger specific surface area, pore volume, and surface defects caused by unstable Zr4+than those of UIO-66. Using GO/MXene@NiZrP as the positive electrode and biochar (BC) as the negative electrode, an asymmetric supercapacitor, BC//GO/MXene@NiZrP, is assembled. After 10,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g–1, the capacitance retention remains at 83.3%, showing excellent cycle stability.

Traditional fluorescence intensity-based probes face challenges in accurately measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to intramolecular fluorescence quenching. In this work, we introduce a novel approach by incorporating quenching moieties within the zwitterionic probe to eliminate self-quenching interference, thus, enabling real-time and precise visualization of reversible MMP changes. We synthesized a zwitterionic fluorescent probe consisting of silicon-rhodamine (SiR) that was hydroxyl-substituted on the bay position of perylene diimides (PDIs) connected via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. The lipophilic cationic SiR facilitates the entry of the PDI into the mitochondria, where the alkaline pH environment (pH = 8.0) ionizes the hydroxyl to a negatively charged species, affecting the quenching efficiency of SiR depending on the distance between the PDI and SiR moieties regulated by the MMP. The rigid aromatic ring of the PDI and strong hydrophobic interactions with the lipid bilayer, along with the inhibitory effect of the negatively charged hydroxyl on internalization, ensure the retention of PDI within the mitochondria. As the MMP decreases, SiR shifts outward, reducing quenching by phenolic anions and restoring fluorescence. Conversely, as the MMP increases, SiR moves inward, intensifying quenching by phenolic ions and reducing fluorescence, enabling reversible visualization monitoring of the MMP. This strategy overcomes the limitations of traditional intensity-based probes, providing a new avenue for reversible monitoring of the MMP.

A series of polymers with both high refractive index and high Abbe number have been successfully synthesized through the photoclick thiol–ene reaction between the monomers derived from biobased magnolol (or honokiol) and commercial mercaptans and thiophenols. The polymer films not only exhibit a high refractive index and a high Abbe number but also display a transmittance of up to 90% in a range of wavelengths from 550 to 2000 nm and nearly 0% in the UV region. Moreover, these polymers also display low haze values in the visible-light region as well as exhibit good thermostability. These data indicate that they have potential applications for the fabrication of optical lenses and anti-UV coatings. In particular, this series of polymers are readily used for industrialization due to its excellent optical properties but low expense, simplicity, and efficiency of synthesis.

On the basis of a novel umpolung strategy, an efficient l-amino acid ester-mediated in situ reduction of 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)malononitrile and sequential nucleophilic addition/cyclization cascade reaction is reported. Various densely substituted cyclopentene bispirooxindoles and dihydrofuran bispirooxindoles with two quaternary spirocenters were constructed in high yields (≤93%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1 dr). The method has advantages of readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, a one-pot process, a metal-free biomimetic reducing agent, a wide substrate scope, and operational simplicity (single filtration without column chromatography).

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid renal decline. Periodontitis, a chronic oral inflammatory disease, is increasingly associated with renal dysfunction. Although periodontitis is recognized as a contributor to kidney damage, the mechanisms linking it to AKI remain unclear. This study explored the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) W83‐infected periodontitis on AKI in C57BL/6J mice, using ischemia‐reperfusion injury 55 days post‐infection. Gingipain inhibitors, KYT‐1 and KYT‐36, were applied. Detection of P. gingivaliswas performed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and PCR, while transcriptome sequencing, qRT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining assessed renal damage. In vitro, HK‐2 cells were exposed to P. gingivalisat a multiplicity of infection of 10 for 48 h, with inhibition by gingipain or oncostatin M (OSM). Disruption of tight junctions (TJs) was quantified using qRT‐PCR, transepithelial electrical resistance, and cell counting kit‐8 assays. Periodontitis worsened AKI, linked to P. gingivalisinfection and renal TJ disruption in the kidney. P. gingivalisinfection activated OSM expression, which correlated positively with gingipain. Significantly, OSM and gingipain might collaboratively contribute to the damage of renal TJs, with the reduced expression of TJ proteins. Suppressing gingipain activity presented itself as a protective strategy against the destruction of TJs and the attendant worsening of AKI due to periodontitis. Our study enhances the understanding of the interplay between periodontitis and AKI, highlighting the harmful impact of P. gingivalisin AKI.

Electronic components operating in aerospace environments face a variety of reliability issues. The total ionization dose (TID) degradation mechanism of bulk I/O-FinFETs and the influence of hot carrier degradation (HCD) on TID irradiation are investigated in this paper. Devices under ON/TG/OFF bias conditions were irradiated to 2 Mrad (Si). The nFinFETs show degradation of threshold voltage, subthreshold swing and off-state leakage current. An increase in peak transconductance and on-state current was also observed in the nFinFETs. The TID response of nFinFETs is dominated by positively trapped charges in the gate oxide and shallow trench isolation (STI). For pFinFETs, radiation-induced hole-trapped charges leads to an increase in the threshold voltage and a decrease in the drive current. The worst degradation is observed when a high electric field is applied to the gate during irradiation. Post-stress irradiation results show that the HCD and TID degradation trends of the nFinFETs are opposite and have a mutual canceling effect, while the degradation trends of the pFinFETs are consistent and jointly deteriorate the device performance. Compared to the un-stressed devices, the TID damage of the pre-stressed devices is more drastic, especially for the nFinFETs. The stress-induced interface trapped charges increase the electric field in the gate oxide during subsequent irradiation, which causes more radiation-induced hole-trapped charges and exacerbate TID degradation.

In this study, a nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube (N-MWCNTs)/silver nanowire (AgNWs) nanocomposite electrode was prepared, using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a flexible substrate and N-MWCNTs and AgNWs as conductive materials. Trace Cu(II) in water was monitored by square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). Compared with commercial electrodes, the N-MWCNTs/AgNWs composite electrode generated much higher responsive peak current in detecting Cu(II), due to the enhanced conductivity of the composite electrode and the strong complexing ability of the N-MWCNTs for Cu(II). In the SWSV, this new electrode showed 0.06 μg/L (S/N = 3) limit of detection, a linear range from 0.500 to 100 μg/L, high resistance to interfering metals such as Ca(II), K(I), Zn(II), Na(I), Al(III), Fe(III), Hg(II), Cr(VI), Bi(III), Sb(III) and Sn(II), and stable response in natural water samples without sample pretreatment. This study established a new method for facile fabrication of high-performance flexible Cu(II) sensor with N-MWCNTs and AgNWs.

As a critical command center in organisms, the brain can execute multiple intelligent interactions through neural networks, including memory, learning and cognition. Recently, memristive-based neuromorphic devices have been widely developed as promising technologies to build artificial synapses and neurons for neural networks. However, multiple information interactions in artificial intelligence devices potentially pose threats to information security. Herein, a transient form of heterogeneous memristor with a stacked structure of Ag/MgO/SiNx/W is proposed, in which both the reconfigurable resistive switching behavior and volatile threshold switching characteristics could be realized by adjusting the thickness of the SiNxlayer. The underlying resistive switching mechanism of the device was elucidated in terms of filamentary and interfacial effects. Representative neural functions, including short-term plasticity (STP), the transformation from STP to long-term plasticity, and integrate-and-fire neuron functions, have been successfully emulated in memristive devices. Moreover, the dissolution kinetics associated with underlying transient behaviors were explored, and the water-assisted transfer printing technique was exploited to build transient neuromorphic device arrays on the water-dissolvable poly(vinyl alcohol) substrate, which were able to formless disappear in deionized water after 10-s dissolution at room temperature. This transient form of memristive-based neuromorphic device provides an important step toward information security reinforcement for artificial neural network applications.

High resolution is important properties of the compact microscopy in the point-of-care testing (POCT) and management of various infectious diseases. However, the current high-resolution compact microscopy usually has complicated algorithm at the expense of real-time. This letter experimentally demonstrated a method to improve the resolution of compact microscope by employing the microsphere, in combination with the tube lens placed on the small-end of the fiber optic array (FOA) which termed MLFOA. This device achieves an impressive resolution of <430nm over a field of view (FOV) of $430\mu $ m $^{\mathbf {2}}$ without using any algorithm processing and film, the highest among the compact microscopes to our best knowledge. The material (refractive index, NA), the diameter, the light wavelength, immerse liquid of the microsphere is measured by using the MLFOA. The device can potentially be expandable for the point-of-care testing (POCT) detection.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major clinical challenge, and effective disease-modifying drugs for OA are still lacking due to the complicated pathology and scattered treatment targets. Effective early treatments are urgently needed to prevent OA progression. The excessive amount of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is one of the major causes of synovial fibrosis and subchondral bone sclerosis, and such pathogenic changes in early OA precede cartilage damage. Herein we report a novel strategy of intra-articular sustained-release of pirfenidone (PFD), a clinically-approved TGFβ inhibitor, to achieve disease-modifying effects on early OA joints. We found that PFD effectively restored the mineralization in the presence of excessive amount of TGFβ1 (as those levels found in patients’ synovial fluid). A monthly injection strategy was then designed of using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles and hyaluronic acid (HA) solution to enable a sustained release of PFD (the “PLGA-PFD + HA” strategy). This strategy effectively regulated OA progression in destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)- induced OA mice model, including preventing subchondral bone loss in early OA and subchondral bone sclerosis in late OA, and reduced synovitis and pain with cartilage preservation effects. This finding suggests the promising clinical application of PFD as a novel disease-modifying OA drug.