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Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OpenAI's ChatGPT is a widely used artificial intelligence tool that has recently experienced rapid growth and widespread adoption. ChatGPT enhances digital accessibility, performance in communication, and supports the creation of digital content, which can be a powerful assistive technology for the education industry. However, the role of ChatGPT for higher education students remains a topic of contention. Therefore, this study is undertaken to investigate how ChatGPT usage can enhance information and communication technology (ICT) accessibility and performance by influencing life satisfaction among higher education students by proposing a unique conceptual model. The primary data were collected from 305 respondents, and quantitative methodology was used to analyse the data. The results indicate that interaction with ChatGPT increases freedom and productivity by producing understandable and relevant responses that meet emotional needs, which are positively correlated with happiness. ChatGPT usage provides unique experiences to students that evoke their feelings to strengthen academic engagement, and such feelings positively influence their perceptions and behaviour towards academic buoyancy. However, the concerns about the biased response, limited knowledge, and lack of emotional intelligence of ChatGPT limit trustworthiness and cause disengagement, which have been deemed the most significant weaknesses in improving quality of life. • ChatGPT usage significantly affects academic self-esteem, engagement and buoyancy. • Academic self-esteem, engagement and buoyancy significantly affect sense of control. • ChatGPT-enabled sense of control significantly affects life satisfaction. • Subjective health moderates the relationship between sense of control and life satisfaction. • Interaction with ChatGPT provides unique experiences to students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participation was shown to be associative with subjective health (SH) in many different populations, including emerging adults. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate SH and associative variables in emerging adults with different levels of participation limitations. Methods: Healthy university students who were between 18–25 years of age were included. SH was assessed with the visual analog scale. The participants were grouped based on P-Scale. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to determine the associative variables of SH for each P-Scale group. Results: A total of 572 participants were included. General health-related quality of life was associated with SH in all P-Scale groups. Other prominent findings of this study showed perception of health, income, and lifestyle were among the most significant associative variables of SH. Conclusion: Variables associated with emerging adults' SH change with their participation restrictions. Therefore, different approaches are needed to improve the subjectively perceived health status of emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on PM2.5, a key indicator of air pollution, in three countries at different stages of economic development (India, China, and Japan) to empirically elucidate the impact of PM2.5 concentrations on subjective well-being. We identify two types of effects that PM2.5 may have on people's subjective well-being: health-related effects and non-health-related effects. We obtain statistically significant results for health-related effects for China and India; for non-health-related effects, we obtain statistically significant results only for Japan. Notably, we observe that in China, life satisfaction is significantly reduced by health-related effects, even if the PM2.5 concentrations are lower than the domestic standard. This finding suggests that, from the viewpoint of health, more stringent environmental standards are required in China. For Japan, we find that life satisfaction is reduced by non-health-related effects when the pollution level exceeds the domestic environmental standard. This suggests the importance of efforts to reduce the level of pollution in Japan to meet the domestic environmental standard, even if there are no health-related effects. Our results thus indicate that to improve life satisfaction, when we set environmental standards, we need to consider not only health-related problems but also people's sense of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key summary points: Aims: To examine the association between older persons' sleep characteristics and subjective health. Findings: Older persons with good self-rated health are more likely to report a good sleep quality and less likely to take naps or sleep medication, even when accounting for comorbidity, depressive symptoms and cognitive difficulties. Message: While sleep efficiency is positively associated with subjective health, napping and use of sleep medication are negatively associated to rating one's health as good. These associations need to be further investigated in longitudinal analyses to better understand causality. Purpose: It remains unclear, how much older persons' sleep problems are due to age-related changes in sleep architecture and pattern, or whether they are a consequence of health problems. This work aimed to examine the association between sleep characteristics and self-rated health, taking into account potential confounders. Methods: Data about sleep, including sleep efficiency (ratio of sleep duration to the amount of time spent in bed, considered as good if > 85%), as well as health-rated characteristics were self-reported by community-dwelling persons enrolled in the Lausanne cohort 65+ study (n = 2712, age 66–75 years). Participants' subjective health was categorized as good versus poor. The cross-sectional association between good self-rated health and sleep characteristics was examined in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The majority of participants (68.4%) rated their health as good. Compared to the participants with poor-rated health, they more often reported a good sleep efficiency (59.5% vs 45.0%, p < 0.001) and less often reported napping (41.6% vs 54.0%, p < 0.001) as well as using sleep medication (12.7% vs 31.8%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for comorbidity, depressive symptoms and cognitive difficulties, a positive association persisted between good sleep efficiency and good self-rated health (adjOR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.66). Regular napping remained negatively associated to feel healthy (adjOR: 0.65, 95% CI 0.53–0.79). Conclusion: Sleep efficiency is positively associated with subjective health, whereas napping and use of sleep medication are negatively associated to rating own health as good. These associations need to be further investigated in longitudinal analyses to better understand causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients treated for atrial fibrillation with an ablation can experience decreased mental health. Little is known about the effect of a psychoeducation intervention on this patient group. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a psychoeducation intervention on patients' mental health after participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program, with a focus on elaborating on the lack of mental health improvements. Method: Sequential explanatory mixed methods including secondary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data collected in a randomized rehabilitation trial was performed. Perceived health was measured by a questionnaire (n = 95), and qualitative interviews were performed (n = 10). Results: Patients scoring high on perceived health experienced positive effects of the intervention. Patients scoring low appear to have either low physical capacity and severe atrial fibrillation symptoms, bigger life issues, or lack of social support. Conclusion: A more in-depth understanding of the effect of a psychoeducational intervention included in a cardiac rehabilitation program has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was done to investigate factors influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. Methods: A convenience sample of 103 middle-aged women was selected from the community. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson correlations, Spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Results of regression analysis showed that significant factors influencing successful aging were post-traumatic growth and social support. This regression model explained 48% of the variance in successful aging. Conclusion: Findings show that the concept 'post-traumatic growth' is an important factor influencing successful aging in middle-aged women. In addition, social support from friends/co-workers had greater influence on successful aging than social support from family. Thus, we need to consider the positive impact of post-traumatic growth and increase the chances of social participation in a successful aging program for middle-aged women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Sociology of Education & Socialization / Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung & Sozialisation is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Very old adults may be physically frail, but they do not necessarily experience poor subjective health. The authors hypothesized that the relationship between frailty and subjective health is moderated by depression for very old people.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a survey administered was by a face-to-face interview to 129 community-dwelling older adults aged 95-108. Measurements included the five-item FRAIL scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale Short-Form (GDS), and a subjective health rating. Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted to test the moderation effects, adjusting for age, gender, living arrangement, perceived socioeconomic status, and cognition.Results: The interaction effect between frailty and depression was significant. Inspection of the simple slopes revealed that those who were more depressed had a more negative frailty-subjective health relationship. There was no significant moderation effect for a withdrawal-apathy-vigor dimension of the GDS.Conclusion: Our findings suggest a protective psychological mechanism may enable very old adults to maintain an optimistic view of their health despite their increasing physical and functional limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the social, demographic and labour market related determinants of the state of health and assesses the magnitude of their impact within the European adult population. The research is based on a statistical analysis on the data of the European Social Survey (ESS), round 7, 2014/2015. Subjective socioeconomic situation and partnership status are being identified as the most influential social determinants of health. Results also illuminate how work-life-balance determines health. People suffering from work-life-imbalance are more likely to become ill than those with more free time and flexible working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceived cognitive impairment in MS is associated with adverse changes in employment capacity, sexual function, and aspects of daily living. Studies have shown relationships between perceived cognitive impairment and objective neuropsychological functioning and mood. Subjective cognitive performance in people with MS has not previously been compared to their objective performance on a computerised cognitive battery. All participants completed at least 6-monthly serial testing on the MSReactor computerised cognitive testing platform consisting of 3 reaction time tasks. These measure psychomotor processing speed (simple reaction time), attention (choice reaction time) and working memory (One back task). In addition, we collected subjective cognitive performance and patient reported outcomes of depression, anxiety and quality of life. The strength and direction of the relationships between subjective and objective performance on the cognitive tasks were examined using Kendalls rank coefficient at year 1 and year 2. We calculated partial correlation estimates where subjective performance was also associated with patient reported outcomes. Subjective overall performance correlated weakly with the working memory task (Tau -0.10; (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.19, -0.01). Subjective performance also correlated weakly with depression but not anxiety or quality of life. Subjective reaction speed correlated weakly with psychomotor processing speed (Tau -0.10; CI -0.19, -0.01); and subjective accuracy correlated weakly with the attention (Tau 0.12; CI 0.03, 0.21) and working memory (Tau 0.15; CI 0.05, 0.24) tasks, respectively. Participants' perceived performance on the MSReactor tests correlated only weakly with objective changes. Depression was associated with subjective cognitive performance reports. These results suggest that a person with MS' perception of their cognitive performance is only weakly associated with cognitive changes detected using MSReactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study conducted to find the impact of organizational changes on work stress, sleep, recovery and health. It was speculated that less or disturbed sleep and incomplete recovery initiate the adverse health conditions and consequences of organizational changes which increases the work stress. The study was conducted on Swedish police force using cross sectional questionnaire.

Abstract: Background: The existing evidence for a cross-sectional association between physical activity and subjective wellbeing is inconsistent, mainly because of the reliance on self reported physical activity, which might have conceptual overlap with subjective health. Purpose: To examine associations of objectively assessed physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with subjective wellbeing. Methods: A sub-sample of participants (921 men and women, mean age 44.6±15.0yrs, 46.4% men) from the 2008 Health Survey for England completed objective measures of physical activity (Actigraph) and an 8min sub-maximal step test to estimate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. The General Health Questionnaire and self-rated health was used as indicators of subjective wellbeing. Results: The recorded levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were higher in participants reporting very good health (adjusted mean difference=6.7, 95% CI, 1.1–12.4min/d, p=0.019) compared with participants reporting fair–poor health after adjustment for various confounders and fitness level. Neither physical fitness, objectively assessed sedentary time or light activity was related to self-rated health. There was also no association between objectively measured physical activity and fitness with psychological health, despite a robust association with self reported MVPA in the overall sample. Conclusions: Objectively assessed MVPA is independently associated with self-rated health. Self reported, but not objectively assessed MVPA, was associated with psychological health. The null findings with regards to psychological health might partly reflect selection biases associated with the healthy nature of this sub-sample of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: As an important mediator by which the brain receives information about the body''s energy state, leptin may be associated with subjectively perceived health. Objective: The main aim of the present study was to investigate concurrent and prospective associations between leptin and self-rated health (SRH), a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, in a random population sample. An additional aim was to examine whether sick leave was associated with leptin and poor SRH. Methods: In a prospective, population-based cohort study in Sweden, men and women underwent a medical examination in 1998, at which time blood was drawn and participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire concerning demographics, health behavior, and psychosocial factors. In 2000, the participants responded to a second questionnaire sent by postal mail. Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relationships between leptin, SRH, sick leave, and background variables. Partial Spearman coefficients were then calculated to investigate the patterns of association between leptin, SRH, and sick leave independent of age, body mass index (BMI), presence of diagnosis, and testosterone or estradiol. Results: A total of 98 men and 104 women, aged 23 to 76 years, and 91 men and 96 women at follow-up, participated in the study. In men, relatively higher levels of leptin were prospectively associated with relatively worse SRH (ρ = 0.20; P = 0.05), but the relationship was not significant in the cross-sectional analysis (ρ = 0.18; P = 0.07). This association was not found in women. When controlling for age, BMI, presence of diagnosis, and testosterone, higher levels of leptin were associated with poor SRH in men in cross-sectional analysis (ρ = 0.27; P < 0.01) but not prospectively. In women, leptin was not associated with SRH in cross-sectional analysis, but relatively higher levels were prospectively associated with better SRH when adjusted for background factors and estradiol (ρ = −0.26; P < 0.05). SRH was independently associated with future sick leave in both men (ρ = 0.34; P < 0.01) and women (ρ = 0.30; P < 0.05), whereas no association between leptin and future sick leave was found. Conclusions: Contrasting associations were found between men and women in the relationship between leptin and SRH. Based on the finding that higher leptin levels were associated with better SRH in women than in men, along with corroboration from recent studies, we propose that leptin may serve different psychobiological functions in men than in women. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

It is well known that health and social factors are closely related. The aim of this study is to examine subjective health through the analysis of cross-national comparative surveys to clarify cultural characteristics of subjective health (self-rated health). I examined countries/areas using the results of our past surveys (Table 1. Yoshino, Nikaido & Fujita, 2009, Behaviormetrica, 36, 2, 89-113). In this analysis, I examined self-rated health symptoms, health satisfaction, life satisfaction, and sense of anxiety as well as other social factors. Multidimensional data analyses of all items on subjective health and on social factors showed a similar pattern between countries/areas. Furthermore, multidimensional scaling for Japanese emigrants and their offsprings and their related countries showed meaningful cultural links of comparison but not so large generational difference between 2-SEI and 3-SEI with respect to health and life satisfactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the gender gap in hypertension misreporting using the French Constances cohort. We show that false negative reporting of hypertension is more frequent among men than among women, even after conditioning on a series of individual characteristics. As a second step, we investigate the causes of the gender gap in hypertension misreporting. We show that women go to the doctor more often than men do and that they have better knowledge of their family medical history. Once these differences are taken into account, the gender gap in false negative reporting of hypertension is reversed. This suggests that information acquisition and healthcare utilisation are crucial ingredients in fighting undiagnosed male hypertension. • 61% of individuals with objectively measured hypertension do not report it. • False negatives in hypertension are more frequent among men than women. • This gap reverses when controlling for doctor visits and family medical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reviews the theory of socio-economic inequality in health and concludes that the use of cultural values to explain the ubiquitous association between the socio-economic standing (SES) of individuals and their health is becoming increasingly prominent. Inspired by this, the author examines whether and to what extent several aspects of lay knowledge about and attitudes towards health can explain the social gradient in subjective health in Central and Eastern Europe. The author uses data from the second round of the European Social Survey and limits the analysis to data from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The data show that while there is a strong relationship between education and subjective health and also a relationship between education and various measures of lay knowledge about health, beliefs about health are only very weakly related to subjective health and thus fail to account for its dependence on SES. The author concludes that this may be the result of reciprocal causation between lay knowledge and subjective health. More enhanced research designs would be required in order to gain a better empirical evaluation of the causal relationships between SES, lay knowledge, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The premise that pessimistic health appraisals compromise well-being whereas optimistic appraisals are compensatory was examined in a longitudinal study of 232 community-dwelling older adults (ages 79-98 years). Design: Subjective health (SH) appraisals were contrasted with objective health (OH) to identify realists, whose ratings were congruent (SH = OH), distinguishing them from health pessimists (SH < OH) and health optimists (SH > OH), whose ratings were incongruent. Analyses of covariance were used to examine group differences 2 years later on well-being and health care. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were psychological well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative emotions), functional well-being (objective and perceived physical activity, activity restriction), and health care (health care management, hospital admissions, length of hospital stays). Results: Compared with realists, pessimists had significantly poorer outcomes and optimists had better outcomes. Because perceived control (PC) was weaker among pessimists and stronger among optimists, supplemental analysis determined whether PC differences explained these findings. When accounting for PC, many pessimism and optimism effects became nonsignificant, yet effects on functional well-being remained unchanged. Conclusion: Findings have implications for older adults at risk of functional decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study addressing the effects of flexible shift system based on self-determined work hours with respect to sleep/wake complaints and subjective health in police officers. The secondary aim was to analyze the relation between work hour characteristics indicating compressed or difficult rosters and subjective sleep and sleepiness within the flexible shift system group. Results showed that the group did not differ with respect to sleep/wake complaints and subjective health.

Purpose: To explore the associations between mother’s and father’s employment status separately and together and the subjective health of children; and how parental education and financial strain can modify these associations. Methods: Data were obtained from 2836 respondents aged 14 to 22 years (mean age 17.7 years). Logistic regression models were used with three subjective health indicators: self-rated health, long-standing illness, and health complaints; and ANOVA with one indicator: long-term well-being. Father’s and mother’s employment status was coded as follows: employed, short-term unemployed (less than one year), long-term unemployed (more than one year), and parental employment status as follows: both employed, one unemployed and both unemployed. All analyses were done separately for males and females. Results: Father’s long-term unemployment was a significant predictor of moderate self-rated health and low long-term well-being among males and females. Mother’s long-term unemployment was negatively associated with self-rated health of females and long-standing illness among males. No associations between father’s or mother’s unemployment and occurrence of health complaints or between short-term unemployment and worse health of children were found. Unemployment of both parents negatively influenced self-rated health of both genders and long-term well-being of females. After including parental education and financial strain in the model, the negative effect of father’s and mother’s long-term unemployment on health remained significant. However, influence of unemployment of both parents on health disappeared after adjusting for these variables. Conclusions: Parental long-term unemployment (especially of fathers) is negatively associated with adolescents’ subjective health, and this association remains even when the social class and financial strain is taken into account. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Drawing on the Effort–Recovery (E–R) model, the current study investigated to what extent Work–Home Interference (WHI) mediated the relationship between workload and two indicators of well-being, that is, (a) affective well-being (i.e., work-related negative affect and depressive mood) and (b) subjective health (i.e., health complaints). In Part I of this study, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test several competing models of mediation—full, partial, or no mediation—in three homogeneous samples (166 medical residents, 194 child care workers, and 224 bus drivers). In Part II of this study, we cross-validated the best fitting model in an independent heterogeneous sample (1421 Dutch workers). The results provided support for the E–R model in that WHI played a significant role in mediating the impact of workload on workers’ well-being. WHI fully mediated the relationship of workload with depressive mood and health complaints, and partially mediated the relationship with work-related negative affect. This differential role of WHI indicates that WHI might play a more crucial mediating role with respect to general (context-free) indicators of well-being than with respect to work-related indicators of well-being. In general, the findings of the current study suggest that workload exerts its negative effects on well-being (at least partly) through a process of spillover of negative load-effects that impede recovery during the non-working hours. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]