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The current research uses Taguchi grey relational analysis to optimize the process parameters in micro electro discharge machining of silicon steel using nickel-coated brass (NCB) tool and waste cashew shell oil-activated water-based dielectric. The key goal of this study was to determine the most influencing process parameter, which had the greatest impact on material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) while drilling silicon steel. Another goal was to optimize the micro EDM process parameters to achieve high MRR with reduced tool wear rate in coated tools. Using the electroless plating process, a 0.47 mm brass tool was coated with 0.5, 1.0, and 2 µm nickel; similarly, the dielectric medium was activated using 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of cardanol oil. The method parameters were optimized using an orthogonal array and a grey method. In the micro EDM drilling method, grey relational analysis was used to evaluate the most affecting parameters, such as gap voltage, coating thickness, and cardanol oil percentage. Due to the increase in electron transfer, the cardanol oil percentage was found to be the most influencing process parameter among others. At second, the gap voltage dominates the machining process. It is noted that the optimized process parameter was A3B1C3, which had an MRR of 9.69 mm3/min and a tool wear rate (TWR) of 1.09 mm3/min, as well as a grey relational grade of 0.749. Thus, the grey relational grade value of confirmation experiment is increased by 2.04% over the predicted mean value of 0.734.

This present study discusses the effects of adding moringa gum powder to Cissus quadrangularisfiber–reinforced polyester resin composites on their mechanical, wear, and drop load impact properties. The moringa gum powder was synthesized from the moringa tree, whereas the Cissus quadrangularisfiber was as-received. The composite laminates were manufactured by hand layup process using 40 vol.% of fiber along with 0.5, 1, and 2 vol.% of moringa gum powder. The results revealed that the load bearing properties such as tensile, flexural strength and tensile, flexural modulus were better for composites containing 1 vol.% of moringa gum particle with 40 vol.% of fiber. The Izod impact test reveals that composite designation (moringa gum particles of 1 vol.%) PE3 has the highest impact-absorbing capacity up to 3.75 J. The maximum microhardness value for composite designation PE4 (moringa gum particles of 2 vol.%) is about 84 Shore-D. It is observed that moringa gum toughening with an increase in particles vol.% improves wear characteristics. As well as drop load impact toughness increased by 96% for 1 vol.% of particles. However, further increment up to 2 vol.% of particle decreases the drop load impact toughness. According to SEM (scanning electron microscopy) fractography, and overall performances of composites, adding 1.0 vol.% of moringa gum particle is the better inclusion for producing highly performing composites. These enhanced features of composites, which contain 40 vol.% of fiber and 1 vol.% of particle named as PE3, could be utilized in the automotive and industrial sectors, and they may even be utilized for home decoration purposes.

In the recent development of modern manufacturing industries, the metallic components have been replaced by natural polymer composite materials due to increasing the strength to weight ratio, developing eco-friendly components, and reducing the overall cost of the product. In this review article, the various research activities on the effects of various single-layer and multi-layer fibers, moisture contents, surface treatments methods, filler materials, and drilling processes on the Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (NFRPC) characteristics have been illustrated. The research opportunities for future developments in NFRPC materials have been extracted from the literature.

ABSTRACTMachining is the most fundamental process in manufacturing industry. The heat generated on the working surface of the tool during machining is critical to determining the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece. Conventional cutting fluids are hazardous to the health of workers and cause environmental pollution. This paper focuses on the effect of vegetable oil-based nanofluid on the machining performance in turning of EN19 steel through Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL). Canola oil is used as a base lubricant with various inclusions of boric acid powder nanoparticles. Machining parameters such as tool temperature and cutting forces are measured during machining. After processing, the surface roughness of the part is measured. The change in the temperature of the cutting tool and the roughness of the processed surface, depending on the cutting speed and feed, is studied at various percentages of suspensions of nano boric acid in canola oil. From the results of analysis it is found that cutting force, tool temperature and surface roughness decreased with increasing percentage of boric acid nanoparticles.

ABSTRACTSheet metal forming a critical manufacturing process in automotive, aeronautic, and industrial sectors. Due to their attractive quality and light weight in comparison with all other alloys, aluminium-based alloy sheets have overtaken other alloys in some applications. Formability refers to the ability of sheet metals to be formed into various shapes without fracture. The formability of sheet is determined by the material’s properties, forming variables, sheet width. The use of orthogonal arrays in Taguchi experiments allows the effects of multiple parameters to be studied efficiently. In this manuscript, the forming limit diagram for Al 8011 sheets of 1 mm and 1.2 mm thickness was evaluated using a Taguchi orthogonal array at 150°C and 450°C. These specimens are cut in two different directions (0° and 90°) to the rolling direction, and experiments are undertaken out at a strain rate of 0.001/s −1. It has been observed that specimens from the transverse direction is one of the strongest. The formability characteristics of Al 8011 alloy sheet have been observed to change with temperature and thickness using FLD. The fracture micrographs are studied using scanning electron microscopy. The comparative analysis of these data showed that the material’s formability has dramatically increased.

ABSTRACTAISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is accepted for its sensible corrosion resistance. Stainless steel is commercially available in the market at low cost. AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel has excellent hardness, strength, and wear resistance but it lacks in its ductility. Thus, to enhance the property of ductility, annealing and tempering processes were chosen to maintain a stable relationship with ductility and brittleness. The samples were chosen in the form of cylindrical shapes with diameter 10 mm and length 40 mm, respectively. The samples were subjected to tempering at three different temperatures of 250°C, 350°C, 450°C and to annealing at three different temperatures of 723°C, 823°C, 923°C. For comparison of the results, untreated sample is kept aside. To verify wear resistance of the material, wear test was performed using a pin on disc wear test apparatus for all the samples. Then, all the samples were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscope, and the results are compared. It was found that transformations of martensite phase to retained austenite were obtained.

ABSTRACTIn this research work, an attempt was made to reinforce AA7168 aluminium alloy with Boron Carbide (B4C) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) through compos casting technique. Tribological test were performed by varying weight percentage (3, 6, 9, 12%), Load (10, 20, 30, 40 N), Sliding velocity (10, 20, 30, 40 m/s) and sliding distance (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m). The results revealed that the wear resistance increases with addition of reinforcing particles until a saddle point of 9 wt.% owing to the formation of mechanical mixed layer. At 12%, the wear resistance reduces because of the clustering of particles. Because of the hardness of the particles, the coefficient of friction increases with increasing weight percentage. From Taguchi approach, it was revealed that percentage reinforcement was most influential factor followed by load, sliding velocity and sliding distance. The addition of particles increases the hardness and tensile strength due to the hall petch effect and orowan strengthening. WASPAS technique was utilised to optimise the input variables.

The present paper is aimed to review the efficiency of eco-friendly, natural and cheap bio-waste materials as corrosion inhibitors on metal surfaces in different corrosive media. Various bio-waste materials are the best substitutes for the synthetic organic, inorganic and polymeric inhibitors. Most of the bio-waste material adsorbed on the metal surface in aqueous medium followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The presence of organic constituents in bio-waste materials is responsible for the protection of metals in aggressive medium. The effectiveness of these bio-waste materials to inhibit metal corrosion is well studied by non-electrochemical methods like weight loss and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques as well as electrochemical methods like polarization and impedance measurements. Surface studies were studied through SEM, EDS, XRD, AFM and XPS techniques. Computational studies using DFT and MDS were also reported.

Kenaf fiber-reinforced beech plywood was evaluated with 5variantmanufacturing adhesive methods in order to increase its acceptance in the wider industrial use. We aimed in enhancing the mechanical characteristics of beech wood kenaf fiber-reinforced using epoxy resin, Urea-formaldehyde, Melamine urea-formaldehyde, isocyanate MDI prepolymer and polyurethane and exhibited diverse effects. Tensile strength, Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, Shear Strength and Screw withdrawal resistance were enhanced by urea formaldehyde, while tensile strength was decreased by Urea Formaldehyde, Melamine Urea-Formaldehyde and isocyanate prepolymer. Epoxy resin, on the other hand, is well suited for kenaf fibre reinforcing. For example, polyurethane reduced the mechanical characteristics of kenaf fibre reinforced beech wood. Shear strength, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture were all superior than glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin bound beech wood.

This paper discusses Copper Metal Matrix Composites. It is obvious that copper matrix composites have been heavily relied upon by many industries because of their high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent electrocatalytic properties, and high strength. The excellent electrical conductivity of copper-based materials also enables these materials to function as lubricants and anti-frictional materials. These materials were widely used in transportation, electrical contact transmission, and aerospace. Copper-based metal matrix composites have wide application due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. Copper based metal matrix composites are also corrosion resistant and have a high strength. A contemporary study evaluated the effects of different parameters on powder metallurgy fabricated copper matrix metal composites. The focus was on understanding the applications and mechanical properties of copper-based composite materials.

A growing demand for advanced composite materials as well as diverse design requirements offering significant weight savings in comparison to conventional materials have all contributed to a growing interest in composite materials. This review paper is focused on Powder Metallurgy (P/M) process to fabricate magnesium based metal matrix composites. The excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance and low density of Silicon carbide have made it a popular material even at very high temperatures. Despite their very high specific strength, magnesium matrix composites possess excellent cast ability, good damping capabilities, and greater machinability. Therefore, this review paper discusses the importance, fabrication, and properties of magnesium matrix composite materials for industry applications. An examination of the properties of recently produced magnesium matrix composites by various researchers is presented in this review paper.

Polyethylene, elastomer, and date palm fibre are all readily available, it have an positive impact on growth of new composite materials with desirable features and characteristics. There are many different types of composites, but they all have the same goal: to create a new material with greater qualities than the constituent materials. Date palm fibre was employed to reinforce a composite matrix made of polyethylene (PE) plastic and elastomer. To find out the tensile, impact, and bending strength values of composites by weight fractions of 25% (75:25), 35% (65:35), and 45% (55:45), this research set out to find (55:45). Composites with a weight percentage of 25% (75:25) had less Tensile strength (TS) 1.213 MPa, though mixtures with weightage proportion of 45% (55:45) had the maximum TS of 2.613 MPa. The minimum tensile strain value was discovered in composites with a weight fraction of 25% (75:25), while the maximum tensile strain value was identified in composites with weight fraction of 45 percent (0.0067). (55:45). 45 % (45-55) weight ratio mixture had the minimum impact strength of 45321 kJ/mm2, while the 25 percent (75-25) weight ratio mixture had the maximum impact strength of 17721.41 kJ/mm2. A 25 percent weight fraction (75:25) composite had the lowest bending strength measurement result (1.816 MPa), whereas a 35 percent weight fraction (65:35) composite had the highest measurement result (4.9 MPA) in this category. At 75:25 (75:25), the bending strain of the composite was at its highest, with a value of 0.0216

Nowadays life style practices demand more packed foods in the market around the world. In this trend increases the demand for researches on developing new packaging materials. In this research focuses novel AA8079/ SS304/ Wood ash hybrid nanocomposites development for meeting packaging related applications. The materials like aluminum alloy AA8079 (matrix material) obtained from waste food cans, Nanoparticles of stainless steel SS304 and Nanoparticles of Wood ash which obtained from waste bamboo woods were utilized to compose through stir casting process. Two set of Six different novel AA8079/ SS304/ Wood ash hybrid nanocomposites by varying the reinforcement from 0 wt.% to 10 wt.% with the step of 2 wt.% in the AA8079 matrix. The prepared composites included for examinations to test their Ultimate Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage of elongation, shear strength and hardness properties. Apart from this, the effect of heat treatment and annealing on strength of developed novel AA8079/ SS304/ Wood ash hybrid nanocomposites were investigated.

There are collective data about the scope of various corrosion inhibitors viz., polymers, plant extracts, inorganic compounds, ionic liquids, organic molecules with hetero atoms, and π-electron clouds have been reported so far on the corrosion prevention of various metals in various corrosive media. Many reviews of literature related to organic inhibitors have been accounted for their classification, application, and mechanism of their inhibition on metals. A mini-review with specific reference to quinoxaline derivatives is summarized in this manuscript.

For the first time, natural fibers are being considered as a viable alternative to traditional synthetic fibers. These bio-composites were created using epoxy resin, nano-sized fine nano-tamarind shell ash particles, and water hyacinth fibers in this experimental work. Nano tamarind shell ash particles (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt. percent) were mixed with epoxy resin and water hyacinth fibers to create six different composite mates by the compression moulding machine. The composite specimens are prepared from the mats using the water jet machining method, according to ASTM specifications. Mechanical properties of composite specimens have been determined using tensile, flexural, and impact tests under standard testing circumstances. According to the test results, the composites with nano tamarind shell ash particles in the weight percentage of five percent greatly improve their tensile and flexural capabilities. Increased incorporation of fine nano tamarind shell ash particles in composite specimens has reduced their impact energy and impact strength.

In this paper, we will discuss Additive Manufacturing, which is regarded as one of the most significant innovative industrial processes in the coming years, especially in the automobile industry. As of late, the utilization of added substance fabricating (AM) in the plan has gotten a ton of consideration. To print building parts utilizing total based materials, metals, or polymers, huge mechanical arm and gantry frameworks have been created. The robotization of the assembling cycle, the serious level of plan freedom, and the subsequent extension for streamlining are altogether huge benefits of AM. We discussed all of the terms that made this technology superior to conventional production and prototyping processes in this paper. In the automobile industry, additive manufacturing is a process that follows the industries to manufacture different components.3D printing otherwise called additive manufacturing has the ability to democratize mechanical part production. 3D printing machines can find their way into all aspects of the automotive industry in the future.