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The uprise of digital media has bypassed the language and cultural barriers of communicating about food with peers. Sharing exaggeratively glamourized food visuals with fancy hashtags and folksonomy, generally termed as Foodporn, is “trendy”. Exposure to Foodporn affects food choices, directly or indirectly, through psychological, physiological and psychosocial means. Though unhealthy connotation is often attributed to foodporn, this perspective article implores that the plausible potential to alluring food pictures to prompt healthy food choices, be explored. Can foodporn be effectively used for e-priming (electronically priming) healthy food choices by glamourizing and idealizing healthy foods?

AimsAt a tissue level, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) contribute to allergic airway inflammation, tissue remodelling and disease severity in asthma via different pathways. Their peripheral blood levels and role in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring has not been adequately explored. We investigated the association between MMP-1 and TGF-β in moderate and severe persistent asthma and evaluated their performance characteristics by constructing receiver operating characteristic curves.MethodsSerum MMP-1 and TGF-β1 were measured using ELISA in 75 adults; moderate persistent asthma (n=25), severe persistent asthma (n=25) and healthy community controls (n=25). Severity of asthma was determined as per Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Subjects were followed up for 3 months and treatment responsiveness was assessed by spirometry and symptom response.ResultsSerum MMP-1 and TGF-β1 were significantly elevated in asthmatics compared with controls (p<0.0001 and p<0.01). While serum MMP-1 was elevated in severe asthma compared with moderate asthma (p<0.05), TGF-β1 was lower in severe asthma compared with moderate asthma (p<0.05). The performance characteristics of serum MMP-1 and TGF-β1 were promising in this cohort with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82%, 100%, 100% and 99% and 62%, 100%, 100% and 97.8%, respectively; sensitivity of MMP-1 being superior.ConclusionThis pilot study showed that serum MMP-1 and TGF-β1 levels are elevated in chronic asthma and may serve as a useful adjunct in differentiating moderate from severe asthma. A large multicentre study in well characterised cohort of asthmatics is warranted to investigate their role in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

The present study examined the differences in microbial growth of foods prepared in household and street vended conditions. Three commonly consumed foods (rice, dhal, meat) were prepared in household (HH) condition and similar food samples collected from street vendors for microbial analysis (USFDA-BAM protocol) at every 2 hrs up to 8 hrs. TBC in cooked rice appeared after 6 hrs (log 0.45 ± 0.36 cfu/g) and 2 hrs of storage (log 0.95 ± 0.94 cfu/g) from HH foods and street foods respectively. Meat samples had log 1.28 ± 1.48 cfu/g at 8 hrs and log 1.17 ± 1.35 at 4 hrs in HH and street foods respectively. Bacillus cereusand Salmonellaspp. were identified in street-vended dhal samples after 4 hrs. There is a need for better understanding on shelf life of cooked foods in HH conditions and street foods.

The metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde has been visualized in living lung epithelial cells using a hydrazinyl naphthalimide fluorescent probe. Utilizing a condensation reaction between carbonyls and a hydrazine moiety, we demonstrate that the fluorescent probe (aldehydefluor-1) AF1reacts with a range of reactive carbonyl species including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxylic acid, and methyl glyoxal. With AF1, it is possible to directly visualize endogenous carbonyl metabolites. Here, we have applied it towards the visualization of acetaldehyde generated from alcohol dehydrogenase mediated ethanol metabolism, validating it as a useful tool to study the roles of alcohol in respiratory disease and other pathological mechanisms.

Utilizing a method briefly hinted in the author's paper written in 1991 jointly with V. C. Harris, we derive here a number of unpublished recursion formulae for a variety of product partition functions which we believe have not been considered before in the literature. These include the functions p*(n;k,h) (which stands for the number of product partitions of n>1 into k parts of which h are distinct), and p(d)*(n;m) (which stands for the number of product partitions of n into exactly m parts with at most d repetitions of any part). We also derive recursion formulae for certain product partition functions without the use of generating functions.

We give the asymptotics of the sum $$\sum\nolimits_{x \leqslant n \leqslant x + h} {f(n)}$$ , where $$h \gg x^{7/12 + \varepsilon }$$ , for the multiplicative functions $$f(n) = z^{\omega (n)} , z^{\omega (n)} |\mu (n)|, 1/d_k (n)$$ , and $$nd(n)$$ .

We have investigated the effect of Fe substitution on the structural and superconducting properties of La2.5Y0.5CaBa3(Cu1−xFex)7Ozsystem by Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction patterns of three samples with x= 0.02 (labelled B1), x= 0.06 (B2), and x= 0.10 (B3) along with X-ray diffraction, resistivity, AC susceptibility, and oxygen-content measurements. Samples B1, B2, and B3are superconducting with TcR=0values of 73, 62, and 41 K, respectively. Neutron diffraction studies confirm (i) the formation of a single phase tetragonal structure (space group P4/mmm) for all three samples, (ii) Ca and Y ions substitution at the La site concomitantly displaces La onto Ba sites, and (iii) increasing xfrom 0.02 to 0.10 increases oxygen content (the amount of oxygen per unit cell), as well as Cu(1)— O(4) and Cu(1)— O(1) bond lengths whereas Cu(2)— O(4) bond length decreases with corresponding decrease in Tcto 41 K due to increasing occupancy of Fe ions at Cu(2) site. The change in bond lengths with oxygen content are essentially the same as those of Fe content (x). Present studies establish a correlation between the bond lengths (Cu(1)— O(1), Cu(1)— O(4), and Cu(2)— O(4)) and the measured Tcvalues of three samples.

The structural and superconducting properties of single-phase La2.5−yY0.5Ca1+yBa3(Cu0.88Fe0.12)7Oz(LYCaBCuFe) (y= 0.0−1.0) compounds with triple perovskite structure are investigated using X-ray diffraction, resistivity, a.c. susceptibility, and oxygen content measurements. Increasing Ca substitution for La resulted in a decrease in unit cell axes and volume. TcR=0shows a marginal increase from 31 K to 37 K for y= 0.0−0.21 and thereafter it decreases with increasing yleading to zero TcR=0at y≥ 0.84. This shows that the suppression of Tcfrom 80 K to 31 K by Fe doping at x= 0.12 La2.5Y0.5CaBa3(Cu1−xFex)7Ozcannot be compensated by appropriate hole doping with Ca in LaYCaBCuFe.

the following assertion is proved. If fis a completely multiplicative function taking values of modulus 1, such that the set ε of limit points of $$f(n + 1)\bar f(n)$$ has k≨ 3 distinct values, then f(n) = nirF(n) with some r ε R, and Fk(n) = 1 for every n.

Let $ {Q_k}(n)$k-free integers $ \leqslant n$ the Schnirelmann density of the k-free integers. If $ k \geqslant 5$ $ {Q_k}(n)/n = d({Q_k})$n satisfying $ {6^k}/2 \leqslant n &lt; {6^k}$

$\displaystyle d({Q_k}) \geqslant 1 - {2^{ - k}} - {3^{ - k}} - {5^{ - k}} + ({3^{ - k}} + 2 \cdot {5^{ - k}}){({6^k} - {3^k} + 1)^{ - 1}}.$ $ d({Q_k})$n for which $ {Q_k}(n)/n = d({Q_k})$ .

Let k be a fixed integer $ \geqslant 1$ $ {\tau _k}(n) = {\Sigma _{{d^k}/n}}1$ $ {\tau _{1}}(n)$ $ {\tau _k}(n)$kth powers dividing n. We derive the asymptotic behaviour as $ n \to \infty $ defined by

$\displaystyle \sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {{P_k}(n){x^n} = \prod\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{{(1 - {x^n})}^{ - {\tau _k}(n)}}} .} $ Thus $ {P_k}(n)$n where we recognize $ {\tau _k}(m)$m when it occurs as a summand in a partition. The case $ k = 2$ of semisimple rings with n elements when $ n = q_1^{{l_1}}q_2^{{l_2}} \ldots $ .

The variations of the hybridh-parameters and the gain of the transistor with temperature have been studied by obtaining an analytical expression. The values of theh-parameters are calculated in the entire temperature range 213–473 K with the help of the expression obtained and the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The gain of the transistor extracted from the obtained values of the parameters is seen to be in excellent agreement with the experimental values. On a étudié, à l'aide d'une expression analytique obtenue pour le but poursuivi, la variation des paramètreshhybrides et l'amplification du transistor avec la température. On a calculé, à l'aide de cette expression, les paramètreshdans tout l'intervalle des températures comprises entre 213 et 473 K. Les valeurs calculées sont en bon accord avec les données d'expériences. L'amplification du transistor, calculée à partir des valeurs obtenues, est en excellent accord avec les valeurs d'expériences. Die Änderung des Hybrid-Parameters und die Verstärkung des Transistors mit der Temperatur wurden untersucht, indem ein analytischer Ausdruck hierfür erhalten worden ist. Die Werte derh-Parameter wurden im ganzen Temperaturbereich von 213 bis 473 K mit Hilfe des erhaltenen Ausdrucks berechnet und die berechneten Angaben sind in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsergebnissen. Die aus den erhaltenen Parameterwerten errechnete Transistorverstärkung stimmt mit den Versuchswerten sehr gut überein. Было изучено изменен ие с температурой смешанныхh-параметро в и усиления транзистора с помощь ю полученного для них аналитического выра жения. Значенияhпара метров были вычислены во все й температурной обла сти 213–473 К на основе полученного выражения и эти значе ния хорошо согласуют ся с экспериментальными данными. Усиление транзистор а, выделенное из получ енных значений параметров, кажется, должно быть в хорошем соглас ии с экспериментальн ыми значениями.

A precursor molecule for 10 Sb RNA, the RNA moiety of the RNA processing enzyme RNase P, was purified, characterized for enzymatic activity, and compared to 10 Sb RNA and to RNase P. In these studies the K RNA, a dimeric precursor of tRNAGln-tRNALeu, coded by bacteriophage T4, was used as a substrate. This precursor contains two RNase P cleavage sites, one at each 5' end of the two tRNAs. The precursor 10 Sb and 10 Sb RNAs have the capacity to cleave the precursor tRNA molecule but only at the 5' end of tRNALeu, not at the 5' end of tRNAGln. Even when a substrate was prepared that contained only one site for RNase P (the one next to tRNAGln), this substrate was not cleaved by the RNA alone while the whole enzyme was effective in processing this substrate. The possible function of the protein of RNase P in the enzymatic reaction is discussed.

S1 nuclease mapping revealed lacZ mRNA molecules whose 5' and 3' ends were internal to the transcription start and consistent with cleavages at pyrimidine-adenosine bonds 20 to 50 nucleotides apart. With the net 5'-to-3' direction known, lacZ mRNA is probably degraded by sequential cleavages of naked mRNA at vulnerable sites exposed by transit of the last translating ribosome.

Abstract: A method for the precipitation of plutonium(IV) oxalate from homogeneous solutions using diethyl oxalate is reported. The precipitate obtained is crystalline and easily filterable with yields in the range of 92–98% for precipitations involving a few mg to g quantities of plutonium. Decontamination factors for common impurities such as U(VI), Am(III) and Fe(III) were determined. TGA and chemical analysis of the compound indicate its composition as Pu(C2O4)2·6H2O. Data are obtained on the solubility of the oxalate in nitric acid and in mixtures of nitric acid and oxalic acid of varying concentrations. Green PuO2 obtained by calcination of the oxalate has specifications within the recommended values for trace foreign substances such as chlorine, fluorine, carbon and nitrogen.

The structural and superconducting properties of (Gd1−x−yCayMx)Ba2Cu3Ozwith M = Mo, Hf are investigated using X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and oxygen content measurements. The effect of increasing the Mo concentration in (Gd1−xMox)Ba2Cu3Ozchanges the structure from orthorhombic to tetragonal accompanied by a large increase in resistivity and a fast decrease in Tcat the rate of 1.9 K per at.% of Mo, unlike that of Hf substitution in (Gd1−xHfx)Ba2Cu3Oz, which maintains the orthorhombic structure and decreases Tcvery slowly at the rate of 0.6 K per atm.% of Hf with nearly no change in resistivity. The suppression of Tcby M = Mo, Hf can be counterbalanced by hole doping by Ca which increases Tcwith increasing Ca content showing maximum compensation for Mo. A comparative study of M = Mo, Hf doped samples in (Gd1−x−yCayMx)Ba2Cu3Ozindicates that the valence of the dopant M = Mo4+,6+, Hf4+and its ionic radius play an important role in controlling the structural and superconducting properties of the systems.

Let nbe a positive integer and let Tbe any nonempty set of positive integers. By (n, T) = 1 we men nis relatively prime to each element of T. Hence n can be written as n = n1n2where n1is the largest divisor of n such that (n1, T)= 1. Let Pbe a property associated with positive integers. We shall say that a positive integer nis a P-number if it satisfies the property P. If in the above representation of n, the integer n1is a P-number. then we shall say that nis a quasi P-number relative to T, or, simply, a quasi P-number. In particular, for ka positive integer >1, nis quasi k-free for given set T) if n1is k-free.

Let kand rbe fixed integers such that 1 < r< k. It is well-known that a positive integer is called r-free if it is not divisible by the r-th power of any integer > 1. We call a positive integer n, a(k, r)-integer, if nis of the form n = a kb, where ais a positive integer and bis a r-free integer. In the limiting case, when kbecomes infinite, a (k, r)-integer becomes a r-free integer and so one might consider the (k, i) integers as generalized r-free integers.

In 1929, in the course of proving certain results stated by Ramanujan concerning his continued fraction, G. N. Watson proved an identity involving five infinite products and an infinite series. In 1938, Watson proved another identity which again involved five products. Finally in 1961, one more quintuple product identity was established, this time by Basil Gordon. We show here that all these identities are equivalent. Also, with the help of the quintuple product identity and Jacobi's triple product identity, we establish two new identities involving only series.

This paper generalizes and extends the recent results of George Andrews on Euler pairs. If $ {S_1}$ are nonempty sets of natural numbers, we define $ ({S_1},{S_2})$ whenever $ {q_r}({S_1};n) = p({S_2};n)$, where $ {q_r}({S_1};n)$ into parts taken from $ {S_1}$ times $ (r > 1)$ $ p({S_2};n)$ into parts taken from . Using a method different from Andrews', we characterize all such pairs, and consider various applications as well as an extension to vector partitions.

We characterize all multiplicative arithmetical functions $ {f_k}(r)$

$\displaystyle \sum\limits_{r = 1}^\infty {{f_k}(r){c_k}(n,r) = {q_k}(n)g(k),\quad g(k) \ne 0,} $ holds for all n, where $ {q_k}(n)$k-free integers and $ {c_k}(n,r)$ $ {f_k}(r) = \mu (r)/{J_k}(r)$ .

For 4–18 h following whole-body X-irradiation of rats, liver nuclei showed a progressive increase in the permeability to ribonucleoside triphosphates (as assessed in vitro using tritiated uridine triphosphate (UTP)) and in the capacity to polymerise RNA in vitro (Mg++-containing and Mn++/(NH4)2SO4-containing assay systems).

We show here that the important Watson-Gordon five product combinatorial identity can, in fact, be deduced as a very simple and natural corollary to the classical Jacobi triple product identity.

Two theorems are given about partitions in which the multiplicity of the parts satisfies certain conditions. One of these theorems generalizes a recent result of Andrews concerning partitions in which a part with an odd multiplicity occurs at least times.

Utilizing a method briefly hinted in the author's paper written in 1991 jointly with V. C. Harris, we derive here a number of unpublished recursion formulae for a variety of product partition functions which we believe have not been considered before in the literature. These include the functions p*(n;k,h) (which stands for the number of product partitions of n>1 into k parts of which h are distinct), and p(d)*(n;m) (which stands for the number of product partitions of n into exactly m parts with at most d repetitions of any part). We also derive recursion formulae for certain product partition functions without the use of generating functions.

Let $ l(n)$n. The most famous unsolved problem in addition chains is Scholz's 1937 conjecture that for all natural numbers $ n,l({2^n} - 1) \leq l(n) + n - 1$n, its validity for all n is yet an open problem. In this paper, we put forth a new conjecture, namely, that for each integer $ n \geq 1$ whose length equals $ l(n) + n - 1$ $ l({2^n} - 1) = l(n) + n - 1$n which were obtained by Knuth and Thurber after extensive computations. By utilizing a series of algorithms we establish our conjecture for all $ n \leq 128$n, for example, for all n which are powers of 2.