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In recent years, the frequency of diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis has increased significantly, both in the population of adults and children and adolescents. This fact is undoubtedly related to the dynamic development of new diagnostic methods, as well as the progress of medical knowledge. A particular type of this condition is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Due to the presence of psychiatric symptoms in this disease, psychiatrists are often the first specialists who treat a patient with the above diagnosis. Differential diagnosis is extremely difficult and primarily based on the history and presence of typical clinical symptoms. Therefore, based on a narrative review of the literature on the subject searched by the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases from 2007-2021 with the keywords "anti-NMDAR encephalitis", "children", and "adolescents", the author described the characteristic course of the disease, diagnostic methods used to confirm the diagnosis, and presents current treatment guidelines. Due to high prevalence, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a diagnosis that should be considered in the differential diagnosis in everyday psychiatric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of drug-induced mania, i.e., a manic episode associated with the use of pharmacotherapy (in particular antidepressants) is well defined and described in groups of adult patients. The negative effect on the course of bipolar disorder has been confirmed. In the group of children and adolescents, this subject is still poorly known and rarely described because of controversies in diagnosing early-onset bipolar disorder. The authors present an overview of current research on this problem starting from case reports, through open studies to randomized trials. Because the results of studies are ambiguous, the main problems that hinder the formulation of objective conclusions and the most important directions for further research are also discussed. The authors also present current hypotheses on the phenomenon of drug-induced mania in children and adolescents to systematize knowledge on the subject and provide diagnostic help in everyday clinical work. In a group of children and adolescents, there is a need to differentiate the phenomenon of drug-induced mania depending on the basic disorder, because similarly to studies that concern adult patients this problem seems to occur more frequently in patients with bipolar disorder than in other psychiatric disorders. It seems that the diagnosis of drug-induced mania is possible in children and adolescents at the present stage of knowledge, however, the assessment of the prevalence of this phenomenon requires careful evaluation in further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]