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Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Compulsory Execution / Revista Română de Executare Silită is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In its December 2023 judgements delivered in the European Superleague Company and International Skating Union v Commission cases, the Court of Justice of the European Union concluded that the rules established by such sports governing bodies as FIFA, UEFA, and the International Skating Union with regard to prior authorisation of alternative competitions falling outside their jurisdiction were restrictive 'by object' under the union's competition law, thus forming a pathway to creating such alternative competitions in one respect. Analysing these rulings' potential impact on professional sports, the article discusses possible harmful effects that certain alternative competitions could have on sports in small states in particular. The author advocates taking the potential for such effects into account when national courts direct their attention to further assessing the governing bodies' pre-authorisation rules and their specific refusals to authorise certain alternative competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction of Chinese sports arbitration system not only follows the development trend of international sports arbitration, but also reflects the characteristics of China, with notable domestic highlights such as parallelism between ex-official and independent operation, dynamic balance between efficiency and justice orientation, organic unity between sports autonomy and judicial intervention, dynamical interaction between voluntary and compulsory arbitration, and integrated promotion of domestic and foreign-related rule of law. However, there are also some shortcomings in Chinese sports arbitration, such as the independence of arbitration needs to be further improved, the scope of arbitration needs to be further clarified, the interface with other dispute resolution methods needs to be further strengthened, and the coordination with international sports arbitration needs to be further clarified. In order to promote the better implementation of sports arbitration in China, it is necessary to achieve the organizational independence and rule-making autonomy of Chinese sports arbitration institutions as soon as possible, assure the jurisdictional application of composite sports disputes, clarify the meaning of the clause "other disputes arising in the course of competitive sports activities", improve the relationship between sports arbitration and internal dispute resolution mechanisms of sports organizations and domestic courts, and also clarify the jurisdiction of international sports arbitration and whether specific disputes can be appealed to the court of international arbitration for sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This Note intersects labor, employment, and sports law by reexamining the 2015 National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Northwestern decision on the employee status of student-athletes in light of recent developments in sport and labor law jurisprudence. This Note critiques the rationale of the Northwestern decision under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and highlights pertinent Name Image and Likeness and NLRB jurisprudence that signify a shift in how the NLRB views this issue. It ultimately argues that student-athletes should be considered employees under Section 2(3) of the NLRA for purposes of collective bargaining with their respective universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under the new social governance pattern of "co-construction, co-governance and sharing", the involvement of judicial power in internal disputes of sports guilds not only reflects the relationship between public power regulation and the protection of private rights, but also highlights the benign interaction between democratic autonomy and the rule of law. At present, there are some problems in the current judicial governance mechanism of internal sports disputes, such as unclear regulatory scope, doubts about the eligibility of the subject, and absence of legal basis. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the boundary of judicial governance, and to improve the integration path of substantive law and procedural law. The newly revised "Sports Law" further strengthens the legal guarantee system for internal sports disputes from the aspects of stipulating the scope of different relief mechanisms, regulating the behavior of sports organizations, establishing a system of rights and responsibilities of sports organizations, and improving the multi-dispute resolution mechanism. Based on the analysis of the action logic and evolutionary trend of social governance in the transition period, it demonstrates that the orderly intervention of the judiciary and the value convergence of sports governance. Based on the characteristics of the system of sports governance and the relationship between autonomy and the rule of law, it is proposed that the internal relief, judicial relief, arbitration, mediation and other adaptation mechanisms of the association should be effectively linked up under the dual framework of internal and external integration, and the time, scope and legal basis of judicial intervention in internal sports disputes should be further clarified, so as to effectively determine the judicial governance boundary of internal sports disputes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Article 90 of the newly revised Sports Law establishes for the first time in legislative form a sports accident injury insurance system for large-scale sports competitions, high-risk sports competitions and high-risk sports events. This article improves the system of accident insurance at the formal level and responds to the self-satisfaction risk rules of the Civil Code at the substantive level, and forming a closed loop of the risk - liability - insurance protection system with it. However, due to the umbrella property of the article, there are incomplete or even white space of the specific connotation of "large sporting events" "insurance should be negotiated with the participants" "insurance object" "participation period" and the "consent rule". At this stage, it is not realistic to amend the law again. Therefore, we could use the interpretive approach to supplement and implement the above concepts and rules, so as to solve the practical disputes to the greatest extent and provide a more complete insurance protection for China from a large sports country to a strong sports country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through in-depth studying of the connotation of a sports power in the new era, and the newly revised Sports Law building an institutional framework for building a sports power, and the modernization of the sports system escorting the building of a sports power, this work deeply realizes that the newly revised Sports Law has built a systematic and complete sports rule of law system for us, and laid a solid foundation for building a sports power under the rule of law, and implemented legislation in key and emerging areas of sports, aw well as improved sports governance. At last, it has also provided the necessary framework of sports legal system to meet the increasingly growing needs of people for a better life in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (24482455) is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the content analysis method, 50 sports consumption policies implemented nationwide from 2014 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed based on the dual perspectives of policy tools and development factors, including selection characteristics and changing process of policy tools. It is found that there is a structural imbalance in the current use of the tools in China, manifested in the over-strong environmental policy tools, the needed-to-be-improved supply-based policy tools, and the obviously insufficient demand-based policy tools. While the use of policy tools focuses on the demand, space and behaviour of sports consumption, there is insufficient attention to sports consumption guarantee, sports skills, and sports consumption concept. In order to optimize the selection of sports consumption policy tools, the use of policy tools should be reasonably allocated and the internal balance of policy tools be improved. Followed by the development law of sports consumption, the policy deployment of development elements should be improved and the supporting policies be completed with the combination of development characteristics of different periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Kronos is the property of Revista Kronos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Shanghai University of Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the fields of sports, physical education, and their connected fields, sports law is used. India has been eclipsed in the globe by the excellence of Indian sports due to its proximity. It produced notable athletes who made significant contributions to the sport by serving as role models for the rest of the world through its rich sporting history. In India, one such contested and unresolved legal issue is the regulation of sports. Through independent sports federations, which have monopolistic natures and characteristics in their sports fields, the Indian government has controlled and governed sports in the country. However, these sporting organisations fend off any criticism when it amounts to openness and responsibility. The ongoing legal disputes and litigation in this field have compelled the judicial system to intervene and act as the field umpire. But why is there only the Ministry of Sports Affairs as the primary sports authority? Whether the Indian Judiciary strived for a minimal or significant contribution to the development of sports law? Is the Alternative Dispute Mechanism the best way to settle sports disputes? Doping in sports refers to the usage of medications that are deemed illegal by the law. But as numerous case studies have shown, doping in sports has recently become a significant problem. Doping has a long history, although this paper mainly discusses it from an Indian perspective. Several steps were taken to address the doping problem, including the 2015 implementation of the National Anti-Doping Agency based on the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC). The agency's primary goals are to execute WADCcompliant anti-doping regulations, regulate control programmes, and raise awareness of doping and its effects. This essay will primarily analyze anti-doping organizations and the primary causes of doping in India. It will also explore and analyze pressing concerns about the sports industry in the context of pertinent legal rulings. It also sheds light on how Indian legislators have not shown interest in advancing sports law, and therefore it makes significant sports reform recommendations for the restoration of sports' former grandeur in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Anti-Doping Code (hereinafter: WADC) was first adopted by the World Anti-doping Agency (hereinafter: WADA) in 2003 and entered into force in 2004. In Greece, anti-doping rules came into force through their adoption by the Parliament of the UNESCO Anti-Doping Convention under Law 3516/2006 and have been applied as International Sports Law. The revised 2021 WADC which is effective as of 1st January 2021 was transposed in Greece by the Greek Law 4791/2021, which established the National Organization for Combatting Doping (hereinafter: EOKAN). Therefore, the WADA Prohibited List is an integral part of Law 4791/2021 and shall go into effect under Law 4791/2021 three (3) months after publication of the prohibited list by WADA, without requiring any further action by the HADA (Article 4.1. of Law 4791/2021 with the title "Prohibited List"). A violation of a doping rule does not automatically result in a sanction. According to Article 10 of Law no. 4791/2021, the athlete may eliminate or reduce the period of ineligibility based on no significant fault or negligence by appeal in the Supreme Council of resolution of Sports Disputes and in some special cases in CAS. Highlight that the NADOs should provide to athletes a domestic dispute resolution framework which promotes independence, efficiency and cost effectiveness, as well as consistency and procedural fairness at all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly revised Sports Law in China, which was adopted by the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on June 24, 2022 and will be implemented on January 1, 2023, is a comprehensive and thorough revision of the previous Sports Law. The new Sports Law has determined the principle of taking the people as the center, and added provisions on the connotation and protection of sports rights, the development of sports industry, opposition to the use of doping, sports arbitration system, sports supervision and administration, and the protection of sports mark rights and intangible assets and so on, which will play an important role in regulating and guiding the development of sports in China. At the same time, the implementation of the new Sports Law will also face the problems of unbalanced and insufficient sports development, difficulties in coordination between relevant departments, and relevant supporting mechanisms and legislation need to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)