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-Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma is an orphan disease.-Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma often presents with advanced stage at initial diagnosis.-Combination of cytoreductive nephrectomy and systemic therapy result in lowest mortality rates in metastatic collecting duct renal carcinoma.

Multiple systemic immune-oncology (IO) combination therapies have demonstrated overall survival (OS) benefits in metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the magnitude of benefits over time has not been compared in a structured fashion. To assess OS and progression free survival (PFS) efficacy as reflected by hazard ratios [HR]) according to the duration of follow-up over time for each of four IO combination therapies. A systematic PubMed (MEDLINE) literature review was performed (January, 1, 2016 to February, 20, 2022). Only phase III randomized clinical trials with proven OS benefit relative to sunitinib were included. These search criteria yielded four eligible RCTs: CheckMate 214 (nivolumab plus ipilimumab), Keynote 426 (pembrolizumab plus axitinib), CheckMate 9ER (nivolumab plus cabozantinib), CLEAR (lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab). OS and PFS HRs were tabulated for all four studies including all reported timepoints. Median follow-up ranged from 25–68 months for CheckMate 214 (5 timepoints), 13–43 months for Keynote 426 (3 timepoints), 18–33 months for CheckMate 9ER (3 timepoints) and 27–34 months for CLEAR (2 timepoints). Respective OS and PFS HRs were 0.68–0.72 and 0.98–0.86, 0.53–0.73 and 0.69–0.68, 0.60–0.70 and 0.51–0.56, 0.66–0.72 and 0.39–0.47 for CheckMate 214, Keynote 426, CheckMate 9ER and CLEAR. Regarding OS HRs virtually no change was recorded over time for CheckMate 214, but a decrease in magnitude occurred in the three IO-TKI remaining studies. Regarding PFS HRs, no benefit was recorded for CheckMate 214. Statistically significant benefit was recorded in the remaining IO-TKI studies. However, it also decreased with longer follow-up. It remains to be seen, whether further ‘slippage’ of efficacy will persist as the data matures further for all IO-TKI combinations.

To investigate pathological stage at radical prostatectomy (RP) using the “Partin tables” approach in NCCN high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Controversy regarding cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of elderly and very elderly patients with muscle-invasive, non-metastatic, urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCUB) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) vs radiotherapy (RT) still exists.

Background: To assess the diagnostic added value of sampling secondary lesions at prostate mpMRI (SL) in addition to index lesion (IL) in detecting significant prostate cancer (csPCa) when also systematic biopsy (SBx) is performed. Methods: We relied on a cohort of 312 men with two suspicious lesions at prostate mpMRI who underwent subsequent targeted biopsy of each lesion (TBx) and concomitant SBx at two tertiary-referral centers between 2013 and 2019. The study outcome was the added value of targeting SL (i.e., the one with a lower PI-RADS score and/or the smaller size compared to IL) in the detection of csPCa. To this aim, we compared different biopsy strategies (SBx + overall TBx vs SBx + IL-targeted biopsy vs SBx + SL-targeted biopsy) and assessed whether SL features could be correlated with detection of csPCa at overall TBx in a multivariable logistic regression model (MVA). Results: Overall, 44% of men had csPCa at TBx of all lesions while 39% and 23% of men had csPCa found in IL and SL, respectively. The rate of csPCa found at SBx, IL-TBx, and SL-TBx only was 5%, 6%, and 2%, respectively. The detection rate of csPCa for SBx + IL-TBx was 47%. The addition of SL-TBx increased csPCa detection by only 2% (p= 0.12). At MVA, neither PI-RADS of SL nor the number of cores targeting SL was associated with an increased detection of csPCa (all p> 0.3). Conversely, age (OR: 1.07), PSA (OR: 1.07), prostate volume (OR: 0.98), and PI-RADS of the IL (OR: 2.36) were independently associated with csPCa detection at TBx (all p< 0.01). Conclusions: There is no significant benefit in terms of csPCa detection when an adequate SBx is performed in combination with IL-TBx in patients with multiple mpMRI lesions. In these men target biopsy of secondary lesions can be safely omitted.

To test for regional differences in total hospital costs (THC) across the United States in bladder cancer patients treated with open radical cystectomy (ORC) or robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC).

To investigate perioperative complication rates at radical nephrectomy (RN) according to inferior vena cava thrombectomy (IVC-T) status and stage (metastatic vs non-metastatic) within kidney cancer patients.

Data in patients with malignant melanoma, who have been previously treated with pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy, show a reduction in pembrolizumab efficacy upon rechallenge. We examined this scenario in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) eligible for adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy. We hypothesized that a proportion of such patients will either require re-treatment with pembrolizumab upon metastatic progression prior to cancer-specific mortality (CSM) or die from other cause mortality (OCM).

Up- and/or downgrading rates in single intermediate-risk positive biopsy core are unknown.

The psychometric properties of several patient-reported outcome measures that are currently used for patients with localised prostate cancer have been poorly assessed so far. The PIONEER Consortium recommends that the EORTC QLQ-30 and the QLQ-PR25 instruments should be used in both research and routine care settings to measure the core domains of urinary, bowel, and sexual function, hormonal treatment–related symptoms, and health-related quality of life.

The variability of the positive predictive value (PPV) represents a significant factor affecting the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).