Search

Electrocatalytic efficiency and stability have emerged as critical issues in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) of direct ethanol fuel cells. In this paper, Pd/Co1Fe3–LDH/NF as an electrocatalyst for EOR was prepared by a two-step synthetic strategy. Metal–oxygen bonds formed between Pd nanoparticles and Co1Fe3–LDH/NF guaranteed structural stability and adequate surface-active site exposure. More importantly, the charge transfer of the formed Pd–O–Co(Fe) bridge could effectively modulate the electrical structure of hybrids, improving the facilitated absorption of OH–radicals and oxidation of COads. Benefiting from the interfacial interaction, exposed active sites, and structural stability, the observed specific activity for Pd/Co1Fe3–LDH/NF (17.46 mA cm–2) was 97 and 73 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C (20%) (0.18 mA cm–2) and Pt/C (20%) (0.24 mA cm–2), respectively. Besides, the jf/jrratio representing the resistance to catalyst poisoning was 1.92 in the Pd/Co1Fe3–LDH/NF catalytic system. These results provide insights into optimizing the electronic interaction between metals and the support of electrocatalysts for EOR.

Four gamut mapping algorithms with different color style are designed and implemented in the DCI‐P3 OLED. It is found that the most popular tuning direction was "dark+pure", while "bright+gray" was the least. The keywords "comfortable", "real", "brilliant" and "lifelike" have a high explanatory power to user preferences..

Dense cropping increases crop yield but intensifies resource competition, which reduces single plant yield and limits potential yield growth. Optimizing canopy spacing could enhance resource utilization, support crop morphological development and increase yield. Here, a three-year study was performed to verify the feasibility of adjusting row spacing to further enhance yield in densely planted soybeans. Of three row-spacing configurations (40–40, 20–40, and 20–60 cm) and two planting densities (normal 180,000 plants ha−1and high 270,000 plants ha−1). The differences in canopy structure, plant morphological development, photosynthetic capacity and their impact on yield were analyzed. Row spacing configurations have a significant effect on canopy transmittance (CT). The 20–60 cm row spacing configuration increased CT and creates a favorable canopy light environment, in which plant height is reduced, while branching is promoted. This approach reduces plant competition, optimizes the developments of leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, leaf area development rate, leaf area duration and photosynthetic physiological indices (Fv/Fm, ETR, Pn). The significant increase of 11.9%–34.2% in canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) is attributed to the significant optimization of plant growth and photosynthetic physiology through CT, an important contributing factor to yield increases. The yield in the 20–60 cm treatment is 4.0% higher than in equidistant planting under normal planting density, but 5.9% under high density, primarily driven by CAP and pod number. These findings suggest that suitable row spacing configurations optimize the light environment for plants, promote source-sink transformation in soybeans, and further improve yield. In practice, a 20–60 cm row spacing configuration could be employed for high-density soybean planting to achieve a more substantial yield gain.

Many studies have provided significant evidence to suggest that early aggressive fluid resuscitation strategies are acutely beneficial in patients with sepsis. However, most of these studies did not follow up to determine the long-term impacts on patients’ fluid and electrolyte balance after high-volume resuscitation strategies. This study sought to investigate the results of the aggressive fluid resuscitation measures used on patients with sepsis over the course of 7 days following resuscitation. An initial 3528 adult patients with sepsis who met inclusion criteria from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were collected. The total 7-day fluid balance of each patient was calculated and categorized into quartiles. Univariate Cox regression, lasso regression, backward stepwise elimination, and multivariate Cox regression were performed to search for variables related to survival during hospitalization. To determine the critical point of patients’ fluid balance over 7 days, a restricted cubic spline regression model with 4 knots was performed. In addition, an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was conducted to confirm our findings. The median 7-day fluid balance is 5321.4 (interquartile range, 848.5–10,404.0) mL. The observed 28-day mortality in this cohort was 21.6%. Both before and after the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, the first 7-day fluid balance in the intensive care unit was significantly related to mortality during hospitalization (P < .001). A restricted cubic spline regression analysis indicated when the 7-day fluid balance was equal to 5243.3ml, the heart rate value was ≈1. A 7-day fluid balance < 5243.3 mL was considered a protective factor, while a balance > 5243.3 mL was considered a risk factor for patient mortality. To be clear, this study does not advocate against aggressive fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis. However, clinicians walk a fine line with the extent of the resuscitation volume given to patients with sepsis. As a result of this study, it is highly advised that fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis be limited to ≈5200-mL 7-day fluid balance for optimal clinical benefit.

• Solute segregation at various interfaces characterized atomically in triplex medium Mn steel. • Two cooling strategies produced different martensite/ferrite interfaces for distinct yielding behavior. • Density and mobile ability of dislocations near martensite/ferrite interfaces determine yielding behavior. In this paper, we report the influence of cooling processes on the yielding behavior of a medium Mn steel (MMS) with triplex microstructure, i.e. austenite (γ), ferrite (α) and as-quenched martensite (α'). After the intercritical annealing (IA) at both 725 ℃ and 750 ℃, the steel was subjected to the two cooling processes, i.e. air cooling (AC) and water quenching (WQ). It exhibits the discontinuous yielding after the AC following the IA at 750 ℃ while the continuous yielding after the WQ. Compared with WQ process, both the dilatometry and the microstructural examinations show that the AC process leads to lower M s temperature, larger retained austenite (RA) fraction and less martensite, the latter is always companied with geometry necessary dislocations (GNDs) generated near the α/α' interfaces. Considering the complexity of nanosized tri-phases in this steel, the presence of martensite with key features in the resultant specimens was systematically examined by atom probe tomography (APT) on the samples prepared by the specific target lift-out method. The APT results directly revealed the C/Mn co-segregation at the α'/α interfaces in the AC samples but not in WQ samples. The numerical simulation results further suggest that the segregation of C and Mn at the α'/α interfaces may be due to different mechanisms. We conclude that the yielding of triplex MMS is determined by both the quantity of GNDs generated near the α/α' interfaces, which increases with martensite fraction, and the extent of their immobilization resulting from the interfacial segregation of solute atoms when the presence of martensite is sufficient. WQ tends to suppress the discontinuous yielding of MMS since the rapid cooling may promote more martensite formed with the increasing quantity of GNDs and prevent the interfacial segregation of both C and Mn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a reversible epigenetic modification of mRNA and other RNAs that plays a significant role in regulating gene expression and biological processes. However, m6A abundance, dynamics, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unexplored in the context of soybean resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of transcriptome-wide m6A and metabolome profiles of soybean root tissues with and without M. incognitainfection. Global m6A hypermethylation was widely induced in response to M. incognitainfection and was enriched around the 3′ end of coding sequences and in 3′ UTR regions. There were 2069 significantly modified m6A sites, 594 differentially expressed genes, and 103 differentially accumulated metabolites between infected and uninfected roots, including coumestrol, psoralidin, and 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate. Among 101 m6A-modified DEGs, 34 genes were hypomethylated and upregulated, and 39 genes were hypermethylated and downregulated, indicating a highly negative correlation between m6A methylation and gene transcript abundance. A number of these m6A-modified DEGs, including WRKY70, ERF60, POD47and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinases, were involved in plant defense responses. Our study provides new insights into the critical role of m6A modification in early soybean responses to M. incognita.

Breaking the strength-ductility paradox of very-low (≤0.05 wt.%)-C medium (3–12 wt.%)-Mn steels (MMnS) has been a hard-wired topic, since in these steels multi-step heat treatments are usually required to obtain austenite for improved ductility and precipitates for higher strength. In this study, a compact two-step heat treatment comprising short (2 min) annealing and tempering was developed to investigate the synergetic effect of austenite reversion and nano-precipitation on the tensile behavior of a very-low-C MMnS containing 1.5 wt.% Cu and 1.5 wt.% Ni. The annealing step promoted considerable amount of reverted austenite (33 vol.%), and the annealing was short to prevent Cu and Ni from partitioning into austenite, since they were supposed to maintain in the ferrite phase and then promote the nano-precipitation in the subsequent tempering stage. During the subsequent tempering step, the nano-precipitates with Cu concentration of 20–50 at.% in the precipitation core and enriched with Cu, Ni, Al and Mn were observed in the ferrite phase. The volume fraction of reverted austenite reached 38.5 vol.% after tempering, which led to the ultimate tensile strength of 1222 MPa and total elongation of 29% by the transformation induced plasticity during plastic deformation. The current study demonstrates the beneficial influence of the compact two-step heat treatment on the austenite reversion and nano-precipitation behavior of very-low-C MMnS with the addition of Cu and Ni, which subsequently enables an enhanced strain hardening behavior, thereby improving the mechanical property profile of the MMnS.

Soybean (Glycinemax [L.] Merr.) is a food and oil crop whose growth and yield are influenced by root and nodule development. In the present study, GmNMHC5was found to promote the formation of nodules in overexpressing mutants. In contrast, the number of nodules in Gmnmhc5edited with CRISPR/Cas9 decreased sharply. In 35S:GmNMHC5mutants, expression levels of genes involved in nodulation were significantly up-regulated. Both in vitroand in vivobiochemical analyses showed that GmNMHC5 directly interacted with GmGAI (a DELLA protein), and the content of gibberellin 3 (GA3) in overexpressing mutants was lower than that in the wild type. These results revealed that GmNMHC5 participates in the classical GA signaling pathway, and may regulate the content of GA3to match the optimal concentration required for nodule formation, thereby promoting nodulation by directly interacting with GmGAI. A model illustrating the mechanism by which GmNMHC5 promotes soybean nodulation is presented.

Fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests were conducted on a medium-Mn steel annealed at two intercritical annealing temperatures, resulting in different austenite (γ) to ferrite (α) phase fractions and different γ (meta-)stabilities. Novel in-situ hydrogen plasma charging was combined with in-situ cyclic loading in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The in-situ hydrogen plasma charging increased the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) by up to two times in comparison with the reference tests in vacuum. Fractographic investigations showed a brittle-like crack growth or boundary cracking manner in the hydrogen environment while a ductile transgranular manner in vacuum. For both materials, the plastic deformation zone showed a reduced size along the hydrogen-influenced fracture path in comparison with that in vacuum. The difference in the hydrogen-assisted FCG of the medium-Mn steel with different microstructures was explained in terms of phase fraction, phase stability, yielding strength and hydrogen distribution. This refined study can help to understand the FCG mechanism without or with hydrogen under in-situ hydrogen charging conditions and can provide some insights from the applications point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the yield gaps and its limiting factors under different soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] production environments is essential in order to increase yield to meet plant‐based protein and vegetable oil requirements. Soybean yield data from the National Crop Varieties Test (NCVT) were analyzed to identify yield‐limiting factors and yield improvement measures in the four soybean agro‐ecological regions in China. The average yield was 2.70 Mg ha−1, with a unimodal distribution from North to South. The highest yield was in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain (HHH), followed by Yangtze River Valley (YRV), Northeast (NE), and Tropical and Subtropical region (TS). Seed weight was a major limiting factor of yield improvement for low‐yield farmfields, while pods per plant and seeds per plant were both limiting factors of yield improvement for middle‐ and high‐yield farmfields. Choosing improved soybean varieties in the right areas is the most critical factor in increasing yields. Selecting high‐yield soybean varieties with high seed weights should be the primary task to further improve the yield for NE region. Increasing seed number and seed weight by preventing pod shedding and abortion with chemical control techniques from flowering to pod formation should be the key yield‐increasing measures for soybean production in YRV and TS regions. Furthermore, attention should be paid to maintaining soil moisture and ensuring water supply in HHH region. Furthermore, advanced agronomic techniques, such as high‐precision sowing, proper plant protection controls, and proper fertilizer formulas based on soil testing, are also vital measures to improve soybean yields.

Plasma nitriding is successfully employed in treating Al x CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with finely-divided Al content (i.e., x values in molar ratio, x = 0.1- 0.8) to develop wear-resistant structural materials. Nitridation greatly removes the Al from the matrix that completely deplete the Ni-Al enriched phase, forming nanoscaled nitrides (AlN and CrN) precipitations near the surface. Nitriding promotes the hardness of present alloys with values widely ranging from 276 HV to 722 HV. Interestingly, the higher content the Al, the smaller thickness the nitrides layer, but the higher hardness due to the increased amount of hard nitrides phases and volume fraction of BCC phase. Significantly, plasma nitriding considerably improves the wear resistance of Al x CoCrFeNi HEAs by 4–18 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is a photoperiod‐sensitive crop, and the photoperiod response determines the ecological adaptability of soybean genotypes. Critical photoperiod is the dividing daylength between photoperiod sensitivity and photoperiod insensitivity phases and is one of the most important indicators of photoperiod sensitivity. However, the appropriate experimental treatment and calculation method for quantifying the critical photoperiod are poorly documented. To characterize the photoperiod response of genotypes, 72 soybean genotypes belonging to 14 different maturity groups (MG 0000–MG X) were included, and five photoperiod treatments of 12‐, 14‐, 16‐, 18‐, and 20‐h daylength were conducted in the consecutive 3 yr from 2015 to 2017. The piecewise linear regression model based on the median function was used to determine the critical photoperiod. The results showed that the photoperiodic responses of soybean genotypes were significantly different among various MGs. The critical photoperiod of MG 0000 was 16.4 h d−1, whereas those of MG 000 to MG I, MG II to MG III, MG IV, MG V to MG VIII, and MG IX to MG X were 15.7 to 15.8, 15.3, 14.7, 13.4 to 13.7, and ≤12 h d−1, respectively. A significant negative linear relationship between the critical photoperiod and relative maturity group (RMG) was found. It is of particular importance for the quantification of soybean photoperiod response and precise prediction of the developmental process. More importantly, the critical photoperiod obtained in this study will help breeders to synchronize the flowering time of parents from distant geographic origins and break the reproductive isolation among different ecotype cultivars.

The maturity group (MG) system is widely used to group soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] varieties based on their growth periods and photothermal responses. However, there is still no universal standard or quantifiable methodology for MG classification. In this study, phenological traits of 107 Chinese, 4 Far East Russian representative soybean varieties, and 113 North American reference varieties covering 13 MGs were evaluated at eight locations (ranging from 30 to 50° N) in four ecoregions of China for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Relative maturity groups (RMGs) were attributed to all the varieties based on the linear regression models. To decimalize the RMG values of the early‐maturing varieties belonging to MGs below 0, negative values were defined for MGs 00, 000, and 0000. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to screen 185 standard candidate varieties for MGs 0000 to VIII. This study provided a systematic and quantifiable methodology for RMG identification in soybeans. The methodology is expected to be widely adopted by soybean regionalization and germplasm exchanges throughout the world and will be helpful for characterizing the photothermal sensitivity and adaptability of the given soybean varieties.

Bioactive components are partially responsible for the nutritional and health benefits of soybeans. Four major bioactive components: isoflavones, oligosaccharides, phospholipids, and saponins, were quantified in 763 soybean samples collected from widely distributed regions across China from 2010 to 2013. A majority of the tested bioactive components showed generally declining trends from the north (high latitude) to the south (low latitude). A positive relationship between total oligosaccharides (TO) and altitude was observed. Total isoflavones (TI), phospholipids (TP) and TO were negatively correlated with cumulative temperature above or equal to 15 °C (AT15) and mean daily temperature (MDT), but positively correlated with diurnal temperature range (DTR) and hours of sunshine (HS). Total saponins (TS) were negatively correlated with MDT but positively correlated with rainfall (RF), whereas TO were negatively correlated with RF. Path-coefficient analysis showed that, besides genotype differences, temperature and HS during the reproductive period influenced TI and TP contents, while temperature and RF influenced TS and TO. The effects of weather factors on soybean bioactive components in diverse regions of China were characterized. These findings will be helpful in promoting soybean production for functional food purposes.

Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] are the predominant source of plant protein and vegetable oil in the human diet, and nutritional components, especially protein and oil, are important in soybean production and breeding. The current study aimed to identify the genetic progress of seed protein and oil in soybean cultivars grown widely over a century and to assess the spatial distribution of seed proteins and oil among four production regions (the Northern Heilongjiang region [NH], the Mid‐Southern Heilongjiang region [MSH], the Jilin and Liaoning region [JL], and the Huang‐Huai‐Hai River Valley [HH] region). Eighty‐nine widely grown soybean cultivars representing a span of 84 yr (1923–2007) of release were included, and a combination of analytical techniques was used to quantify seed protein, oil, amino acid, and fatty acid contents. It was found (i) that the temporal pattern over nine decades of genetic breeding exhibited a decreasing trend with regard to the concentrations of proteins and amino acids (arginine, glutamic acid, and histidine) and with stable trends for oil content. The fatty acid content showed variable changing patterns in different regions. (ii) The spatial distribution indicated the highest protein content and most fatty acids in the HH region and the lowest in the JL region; oil content showed the opposite pattern. (iii) Negative associations between protein and oil contents and yield were observed, with positive associations between protein content and contents of amino acids and most fatty acids. These results provide a comprehensive temporal–spatial profile of soybean seed proteins and oil in different regions and across different decades. These findings will help to provide strategies for manipulating the soybean composition and for improving soybean seed quality and nutritional value through genetic breeding.

The article focuses on a study regarding the corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel (SS) (UNS S31083) in yardang soil of Western China. It mentions the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide (C02) and chloride in natural gas produced in gas field in Western China. It also mentions that soil environment is corrosive.

Intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that may hide in intracellular vacuoles represent the most significant manifestation of bacterial persistence. They are critically associated with chronic infections and antibiotic resistance, as conventional antibiotics are ineffective against such intracellular persisters due to permeability issues and mechanistic reasons. Direct subcellular targeting of S. aureusvacuoles suggests an explicit opportunity for the eradication of these persisters, but a comprehensive understanding of the chemical biology nature and significance of precise S. aureusvacuole targeting remains limited. Here, we report an oligoguanidine-based peptidomimetic that effectively targets and eradicates intracellular S. aureuspersisters in the phagolysosome lumen, and this oligomer was utilized to reveal the mechanistic insights linking precise targeting to intracellular antimicrobial efficacy. The oligomer has high cellular uptake via a receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway and colocalizes with S. aureuspersisters in phagolysosomes as a result of endosome–lysosome interconversion and lysosome–phagosome fusion. Moreover, the observation of a bacterium’s altered susceptibility to the oligomer following a modification in its intracellular localization offers direct evidence of the critical importance of precise intracellular targeting. In addition, eradication of intracellular S. aureuspersisters was achieved by the oligomer’s membrane/DNA dual-targeting mechanism of action; therefore, its effectiveness is not hampered by the hibernation state of the persisters. Such precise subcellular targeting of S. aureusvacuoles also increases the agent’s biocompatibility by minimizing its interaction with other organelles, endowing excellent in vivobacterial targeting and therapeutic efficacy in animal models.

The first soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] breeding program in China was established in the northeast in 1913. A trend analysis of widely grown cultivars across Chinese soybean breeding history may provide a better perspective on the genetic progress in soybean. The objective of the current study was to assess the genetic change of 15 phenological, yield, and agronomic traits on widely grown cultivars in northeast China. Sixty‐four soybean cultivars representing a span of 84 yr (1923–2007) of release were included. The field experiments were conducted at three sites in each region during 2009, 2010, and 2011, and the annual genetic changes were obtained by regression analysis. The results showed that the yield gain in widely grown cultivars of different regions ranged from 6 to 16 kg ha−1yr−1due to improvements in different yield components in the last nine decades. In addition, modern cultivars demonstrated more upright plant architecture, fewer branches, shorter height, higher lodging resistance, and earlier flowering than obsolete cultivars. However, changes were insignificant in the height of the bottom pod and the node number. The changing rates of yield and phenological traits across these decades were constant, while that of agronomic traits were discontinuous. Days to flowering, branch number, and lodging score were more responsive to environments in new cultivars than in old cultivars. In conclusion, these findings indicate a substantial improvement in the yield, agronomic, and phenological traits resulted from long‐term genetic breeding. This study also provides insight into developing new strategies for soybean genetic improvement in China and worldwide.

Austenitic high-Mn steels with Mn contents between approximately 15 and 30 wt% gain much interest because of their excellent mechanical properties and the option for adjusting strain hardening behavior due to different deformation mechanisms. 2D and 3D composition-dependent stacking fault energy (SFE) maps indicate the effect of chemical composition and temperature on SFE and consequently on the deformation mechanisms. Three steels with different chemical compositions and the same or different SFE are characterized in quasi-static tensile tests. The control parameters of strain hardening behavior in the high-Mn austenitic steels are described, and consequences for future developments are discussed.

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] seed, which contains high levels of oil and protein, is one of China's most important native crops. The aim of this study was to investigate how regional and environmental factors affect the compositions of protein, amino acids, oil, and fatty acids. A total of 127 soybean cultivars from four main regions of China were analyzed. The levels of total protein and most of amino acids showed a trend of increasing from Northern to Southern China, while the levels of total oil, stearic acid, linolenic acid, and proline showed a trend of decreasing. The variation of protein, oil, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid content of soybean grown in the four regions was low, while variation of other constituents remained high. Most amino acids contents were positively correlated with protein content. The total oil content showed a negative correlation with protein content. The content of linolenic acid was positively correlated with the content of palmitic acid and stearic acid but negatively correlated with the oleic acid content. The southern regions have the potential for high‐protein soybean production, while the northern regions of China have the potential for high‐oil soybean production.

Most Gram-positive-selective antibiotics have low activity against Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of an outer membrane barrier. There is, therefore, interest in developing combination therapies that can penetrate the outer membrane (OM) with known antibiotics coupled with membrane-active sensitizing adjuvants. However, two unanswered questions hinder the development of such combination therapies: the sensitization spectrum of the sensitizer and the mechanism of antibiotic–sensitizer mutual potentiation. Here, with pentamidine as an example, we screened a library of 170 FDA-approved antibiotics in combination with pentamidine, a compound known to disturb the OM of Gram-negative bacteria. We found that four antibiotics, minocycline, linezolid, valnemulin, and nadifloxacin, displaced enhanced activity in combination with pentamidine against several multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Through a descriptor-based structural-activity analysis and multiple cell-based biochemical assays, we found that hydrophobicity, partial charge, rigidity, and surface rugosity were key factors that affected sensitization via a cooperative membrane damage mechanism in which lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids were identified as sites of synergy. Finally, in vitroexperiments showed that the linezolid–pentamidine combination slowed the generation of drug resistance, and there was also potent activity in in vivoexperiments. Overall, our results highlight the importance of the physicochemical properties of antibiotics and cooperative membrane damage for synergistic pentamidine–antibiotic drug combinations.

Background. Resting-state functional MRI is widely used in migraine research. However, the pathophysiology and imaging markers specific for migraine pathologies are not well understood. In this study, we combined both structural and functional images to explore the concurrence and process of migraines. Methods. Thirty-four patients with a history of migraine without aura presenting during the interictal period (MwoA-DI), 10 patients with migraine without aura presenting during the acute attack (MwoA-DA), and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. All participants underwent scanning via MRI. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis were used to detect the brain structural and associated brain functional connectivity. Results. In VBM analysis, a decrease of gray matter volume (GMV) in the middle frontal cortex was found in MwoA patients compared with HCs. The GMV of the middle frontal cortex had a negative correction with the duration of disease. In rs-FC analysis, the left middle frontal cortex (lower, VBM result) in both the MwoA-DA and the HC groups showed significantly increased functional connectivity with the left middle frontal cortex (upper) and left superior frontal cortex compared with MwoA-DI. The left middle frontal cortex (lower) in the MwoA-DI group also showed decreased functional connectivity in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) compared with the HC group. The left middle frontal cortex (lower) in the MwoA-DA group demonstrated significantly increased functional connectivity in the left cerebellum lobule VI compared with the HC group. Conclusions. Our results demonstrated that the middle frontal cortex may serve as an important target in the frequency and severity of migraines due to its role in pain regulation through the default mode network, especially in the PCC. In addition, the cerebellum may modulate the pathophysiology of migraines by serving as a communication point between the cortex and the brainstem.

Soybeans specially the widely planted cultivars have been dramatically improved in agronomic performance and is well adapted to local planting environments after long-time domestication and breeding. Uncovering the unique genomic features of popular cultivars will help to understand how soybean genomes have been modified through breeding. We re-sequenced 134 soybean cultivars that were released and most widely planted over the last century in China. Phylogenetic analyses established that these cultivars comprise two geographically distinct sub-populations: Northeast China (NE) versus the Huang-Huai-Hai River Valley and South China (HS). A total of 309 selective regions were identified as being impacted by geographical origins. The HS sub-population exhibited higher genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium decayed more rapidly compared to the NE sub-population. To study the association between phenotypic differences and geographical origins, we recorded the vegetative period under different growing conditions for two years, and found that clustering based on the phenotypic data was closely correlated with cultivar geographical origin. By iteratively calculating accumulated genetic diversity, we established a platform panel of cultivars and have proposed a novel breeding strategy named “Potalaization” for selecting and utilizing the platform cultivars that represent the most genetically diversity and the highest available agronomic performance as the “plateau” for accumulating elite loci and traits, breeding novel widely adapted cultivars, and upgrading breeding technology. In addition to providing new genomic information for the soybean research community, the “Potalaization” strategy that we devised will also be practical for integrating the conventional and molecular breeding programs of crops in the post-genomic era.

In view of the application of PTZ system in photographic equipment, we design a wireless image transmission system for photographic equipment and mobile equipment. Hi3516A is the main control chip of the system, and the second connection interface is connected with the photographic equipment to collect the relevant data that recorded by the photographic equipment, and the data is encoded and encapsulated by the processing module. The first connection interface adopts 2.4G wireless radio transceiver module, which connects with the mobile device wirelessly to transmit picture data information to the mobile device, and realizes wireless image transmission from the photographic device to the mobile device. The test of wireless picture transmission system shows that the picture transmission system has fast transmission rate, high real-time performance and wide application range.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.