Search

•Discusses different needs of wine consumers.•Explores gap between wine experts and novices.•Compares wine apps and wine critics’ recommendations.•Combines sensory evaluation and recommender systems.•Distinguishes objective wine quality and subjective liking.

Scrippsiella spp. resting cysts, unlike many other dinoflagellate cysts, possess an outer layer of calcite beneath which is a thin sporopollenin wall. This feature may affect cyst survival through the digestive tract of benthic organisms, when they consume the cysts. The extent of digestibility is related to the degree to which grazing by benthic organisms could influence a benthic cyst population. To test consumption and digestion of a representative Scrippsiella cyst by one benthic grazer, the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) was fed culture-produced resting cysts of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa under controlled conditions. Cyst recovery from no-oyster, control containers was 97%; therefore, digestive destruction of cysts could be quantified as the difference between cysts added to experimental containers containing oysters and the number of intact cysts recovered after a period of oyster feeding. In each treatment, 18% of the cysts were destroyed after being ingested at a cell density of 43.4 cysts/mL and 11% were digested at a higher cell density (263.2 cysts/mL). Cysts were observed to become rounded and turn yellow after first losing the outer, calcareous wall as a first step in digestion. In fecal-pellet samples, contents from broken cysts could be found as well as intact cysts and rounded yellow cysts. Viability of ingested cysts was not evaluated, but it seems that Scrippsiella cysts are relatively resistant to digestion by oysters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale, open, microalgal feed cultures for hatchery and nursery production of marine invertebrates inevitably becomes contaminated with various microbes that can affect productivity and usability of the harvested biomass. In the Greenhouse for Research on Algal Mass Production Systems (GRAMPS) at the NMFS Laboratory in Milford, CT, cultures of Tetraselmis chui (PLY429) often become contaminated with a cyanobacterium; preliminary observations suggested that juvenile bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians showed reduced performance when the feed culture became contaminated with this cyanobacterium. We isolated a cyanobacterium from a contaminated culture of PLY429 and conducted a feeding study to determine if this isolate affects survival and growth of juvenile bay scallops, either alone or in combination with PLY429, thereby simulating feeding of a contaminated culture. Bay scallops were given a diet of either 100% PLY429, 50% PLY429 with 50% cyanobacteria, 100% cyanobacteria, or starved. There was 100% mortality of bay scallops by week 3 when they were starved, with a significant difference in survival between diets (P < 0.01). At 6 wk the scallops fed only the cyanobacterium had 63% survival, 93% survived in the mixed diet, and 98% survived when fed 100% PLY429. The net growth of bay scallops on the different diets was also significantly different (P < 0.01) with scallops fed 100% PLY429 having the highest shell-growth rate of 198-μm scallop-1 d-1, and growth rates of 82-μm scallop-1 d-1 on the mixed diet, and 65-μm scallop-1 d-1 for the cyanobacterial diet. These findings suggest that the cyanobacterium will not cause instant mortality, but it will not support sustained survival and growth over time scales of weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The encystment of Scrippsiella lachrymosa cells (strain B-10), which can be induced reliably in encystment medium, was inhibited by stirring the culture. 100 mL cultures in glass beakers were stirred at 1 rotation s−1. Stirring inhibited vegetative cells from congregating (swarming) at the walls of the culture container. When stirring was stopped, a rapid induction of sexual reproduction was seen. As soon as stirring stopped (within 2 min), cells were observed swarming near the edges of the glass beaker. Four days after cessation of stirring, large percentages of the cells were mating and, after 7 days, most were zygotes. Cultures were observed after 31, 38, and, 45 days of stirring. When cultures were stirred for 45 days, cysts developed in the stirred treatments, but these cysts were attached to flocculent material that had also formed in the medium. The use of this laboratory method is advantageous for the study of the mating through cyst stages of the dinoflagellate life history. This method may also demonstrate the need for a ‘surface’ as a place for the dinoflagellate to congregate in order to successfully encyst and may help explain environmental observations of encystment at pycnoclines.

Internuclear separations calculated from empirical soft-sphere radii for seventeen crystalline Group 1 halides with rock-salt structures and from empirical hovering-sphere radii for fourteen gaseous Group 1 halide ion-pairs agree well with experimental measurements. Two lithium and four fluoride ion-pairs appear to be anomalous. Soft-sphere ionic radii are compared with atomic radii of noble gases.

Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides react with 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene to give aryl(trans-2-chloro-trans-3-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides. The X-ray crystal structure of p-anisyl(trans-2-chloro-trans-3-methyl-1-cyclohexyl)tellurium(IV) dichloride is reported. Single crystals of p-MeOC6H4(trans-2-Cl-trans-3-MeC6H9)TeCl2are triclinic, space group (No. 2) with a = 10.419(2) Å, b = 10.906(3) Å, c = 8.285(3) Å, α = 92.40(3)°, β = 95.85(2)°, γ = 61.71(3)°, V = 824.6 Å3, D(calcd) = 1.761 g cm−1for Z = 2. The structure was refined to R = 0.0444 (Rw = 0.0458).

Aryltellurium(IV) trichlorides react with 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and 3-cyclohexene-1,1-dimethanol to give aryl(trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides and aryl(cis-1-hydroxymethyl-trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichlorides. The structure of 2′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl(trans-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl)tellurium(IV) dichloride has been determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The compound C15H20Cl2O3Te, Mr = 446.8, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/cwith a = 9.626(2) Å, b = 15.768(5) Å, c = 11.176(3) Å, β = 92.08(1)°, V = 1695.2(5) Å3and D(calc) = 1.751 for Z = 4. Tellurium is bonded axially to two chlorines and equatorially to aryl carbon and carbon from the cyclohexyl portion of oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-4-yl in a pseudo-trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement having an equatorial lone pair of electrons. Bond lengths are Te—Cl(1) = 2.492(3) Å, Te—Cl(2) = 2.539(3) Å, Te—C(4) = 2.175(10) Å, and Te—C(9) = 2.090(10) Å. Keywords: organotellurium(IV), 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, 3-cyclohexene-1, 1-dimethanol.

Chloroaminocyclotriphosphazatrienes, N3P3Cl6-nRn[R = NHMe (n = 2), NHEt (n= 1, 2), NHPrn(n = 4), NHPri( n = 1, 4), NHBut(n = 2, 4), NHCH2Ph ( n = 1), NEt2(n= 1, 2, 3), N(CH2Ph)2(n = 1)] react with benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride to give phenylated products: phosphazenes and/or hydrocarbons. The structures of the phenylphosphazenes are assigned from their NMR spectra. Reactions of N3P3Cl5R (R = NMe2, NC5H10) have been reinvestigated. The influence of the amino groups on rates and products is discussed.

In considering this subject—particularly at the present time when the question of great expansion of hospital facilities at governmental expense is under discussion—the matter of definitions appears of outstanding importance. Just what is meant by the term "hospital" and just what is a "community hospital"?Is a hospital simply a building where the sick may be housed and presumably cared for by one or more members of the medical profession or is it, to be worthy of the name, far more than that?In The Journal of the American Medical Association of June 11, 1938, it was stated that in the entire United States there are "but thirteen counties no part of which is within thirty miles of a registered general hospital."1 This statement presumably was intended as anticipatory evidence that the need for additional hospital facilities, as later set forth by the Technical Committee on Medical Care in

An abstract of the article "Travelocity becomes a travel retailer," by Barry C. Smith and colleagues, published in the January-February 2007 issue of "Interfaces," is presented.

An abstract of the article "FLUPSY Observations and Measurements, an Update: Quantifying Interactions With the Local Environment," by Mark S. Dixon and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Toxin Changes in Alexandrium Fundyense After Passage Through the Digestive System of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica," by Barry C. Smith and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Quantifying Ecosystem Interactions of Molluscan Aquaculture: The Challenge of Linking Glass-Fiber Filters to Global Finance," by Gary H. Wikfors and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "Quantifying the Ecological Interactions of a Commercial Oyster Nursery: Observations From Mesocosms," by Gary H. Wikfors and colleagues is presented.

TO THE EDITOR. —In The Journal, February 16, in the London letter, is a statement with the subheading "Psychoanalysis for Children" which refers to a child guidance clinic about to be established in London which the Commonwealth Fund is supporting. This statement is a duplicate of an article which appeared in an English newspaper and is entirely erroneous in its statement that children are to be psychoanalyzed in this clinic.The child guidance clinic in London will be conducted along precisely the same lines as similar activities financed by the Commonwealth Fund in this country. Psychoanalysis will have no part in it.

TO THE EDITOR: —In the issue of The Journal for December 3 appears an able editorial on the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care. In this editorial are references to "the eight foundations that contributed financial support" and also, later in the editorial, on page 1952, a further reference to "the great foundations" as supporting the principle of socialized medicine.In order that members of the medical profession may clearly understand that the Commonwealth Fund is not included among the foundations mentioned, I should like to make the following statement:The Commonwealth Fund, although repeatedly requested to do so, has not made any appropriation directly or indirectly to the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care.The Commonwealth Fund does not subscribe to or approve of the program of the majority report looking toward the establishment of socialized medicine.The Commonwealth Fund agrees fully with the attitude expressed by

TO THE EDITOR: —There appears to exist a considerable misunderstanding as to the auspices under which the various health demonstrations in the United States have been conducted. This misunderstanding appears to prevail not only among the general public but to some extent among the medical profession and through the public health field. Published statements have recently appeared to the effect that the health demonstration in Mansfield, Ohio, completed two or three years ago, was financed and directed by the Commonwealth Fund. At the recent meeting of the American Public Health Association in Chicago, the inaccurate statement was made by one of the speakers that the demonstrations of the Commonwealth Fund are operated by the American Child Health Association. It therefore seems worth while in the interest of clarity to make the following statement:The Child Health Demonstration Committee of the Commonwealth Fund has financed and conducted a health demonstration in