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Multiplication followed by an addition/subtraction is the common operation in many digital signal and image processing applications. This paper presents a reconfigurable floating-point real/complex fused multiply and add (R/C-FMA) unit using small precision (IEEE-754-2008 16-bit half-precision) format. The developed FMA can be reconfigurable from real to complex based on the control bits. This architecture performs real FMA [(a× b) + c], complex FMA {[(a+ ib) × (c+ id)] + (e+ if)} or mixed real and complex FMA {[(a+ ib) × (c+ id)] + e}. The field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of R/C-FMA design, utilises the modern features of inbuilt DSP blocks for mantissa multiplication and addition/subtraction. The efficient DSP usage for fp16 FMA design shows a 60% reduction in LUT area when compared to conventional fp32 FMA.

H.264 and H.265 are the most popular video coding standards used for various applications. These coding standards use multiple modules to perform video compression. Among the various modules, the deblocking filter (DBF) is one of the critical modules in the video codec, which requires extensive computation. It is computationally complicated and critically time-consuming. DBF removes the blocking artefacts caused due to inverse transform, intra-prediction, inter-frame prediction and motion compensated prediction. For the past two decades, the deblocking filtering algorithm is implemented in hardware and research is still going on for realising optimised hardware solutions for this critical module. Efficient hardware implementation of the DBF is essential for high-resolution video applications such as HDTV to increase the decoding throughput, to achieve high speed and to reduce the off-chip memory access cycles. This paper presents an intricate analysis of various hardware architectures of DBF used for H.264 and H.265 coding standards.