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2023 marked the fiftieth year of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). As one of the oldest and preeminent computer architecture conferences, ISCA represents a microcosm of the broader community; correspondingly, a 50-year-retrospective offers us a great way to track the impact and evolution of the field. Analyzing the content and impact of all the papers published at ISCA so far, we show how computer architecture research has been at the forefront of advances that have driven the broader computing ecosystem. Decadal trends show a dynamic and rapidly-evolving field, with diverse contributions. Examining how the most highly-cited papers achieve their popularity reveals interesting trends on technology adoption curves and the path to impact. Our data also highlights a growing and thriving community, with interesting insights on diversity and scale. We conclude with a summary of the celebratory panel held at ISCA, with observations on the exciting future ahead.

Ischemic heart disease that comprises both coronary artery disease and microvascular disease is the single greatest cause of death globally. In this context, enhancing our understanding of the interaction of coronary structure and function is not only fundamental for advancing basic physiology but also crucial for identifying new targets for treating these diseases. A central challenge for understanding coronary blood flow is that coronary structure and function exhibit different behaviors across a range of spatial and temporal scales. While experimental studies have sought to understand this feature by isolating specific mechanisms, in tandem, computational modeling is increasingly also providing a unique framework to integrate mechanistic behaviors across different scales. In addition, clinical methods for assessing coronary disease severity are continuously being informed and updated by findings in basic physiology. Coupling these technologies, computational modeling of the coronary circulation is emerging as a bridge between the experimental and clinical domains, providing a framework to integrate imaging and measurements from multiple sources with mathematical descriptions of governing physical laws. State‐of‐the‐art computational modeling is being used to combine mechanistic models with data to provide new insight into coronary physiology, optimization of medical technologies, and new applications to guide clinical practice. WIREs Syst Biol Med2015, 7:335–356. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1309 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.