1,366 results on '"Simon D"'
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2. Circulating total 25(OH)D and calculated free 25(OH)D in professional academy footballers at a northerly latitude in the UK.
- Author
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Bowles, Simon D., Basu, Subhashis, Ranchordas, Mayur K., Simper, Trevor, and Lynn, Anthony
- Abstract
There is limited data on the vitamin D status of UK-based professional academy footballers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and free 1, 25(OH)2D at the end of the winter (March) and summer periods (October) in a cohort (n = 27) of professional academy footballers in northern England. Blood samples were collected to measure total 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D binding protein, albumin and calcium. Free 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)2D were calculated. Dietary vitamin D intake and retrospective summer sunlight exposure were also collected. At the end of winter, 2/27 (7.4%) players were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l) and 11/27 (40.7%) were insufficient (25(OH)D > 30 nmol/l < 50 nmol/l). By the end of summer, none were deficient but 3/14 (21.4%) were still insufficient. Median total 25(OH)D (82.2 nmol/l [IQR: 50.3-90.2] vs. 54.2 nmol/l [IQR: 36.8-71.9]; P = .02), free 25(OH)D (25.8 pmol/l [IQR: 15.1-33.1] vs. 13.2 pmol/l [IQR: 9.0-14.9]; P = .005) and free 1, 25(OH)2D (389 fmol/l [IQR: 209-594] vs. 212 fmol/l [IQR: 108-278]; P = .034) were significantly higher at the end of summer than the end of winter. At the end of winter, free 25(OH)D was lower (P = .003) in those vitamin D insufficient (8.8 pmol/l [IQR: 5.5-11.8]) vs. sufficient (13.7 pmol/l [IQR: 12.0-17.0]). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the end of the winter. Free 25(OH)D was also lower at the winter timepoint and in players that were insufficient vs. sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Prospective evaluation of liver shearwave elastography measurements with 3 different technologies and same day liver biopsy in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Atzori, Sebastiana M., Pasha, Yasmin, Maurice, James B., Taylor-Robinson, Simon D., Campbell, Louise, and Lim, Adrian K.P.
- Abstract
Most ultrasound-based methods for assessing liver fibrosis still need further validation with liver biopsy used as gold standard to assess their accuracy. To assess accuracy of three shear wave elastography (SWE) methods: 1) Philips Elast Point Quantification (ElastPQ
TM ), 2) Siemens Virtual TouchTM Quantification (VTQ) acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI), and 3) transient elastography (TE) measured by Echosens FibroscanTM . 160 patients underwent liver stiffness measurements (LSM) with three SWE methods immediately prior to liver biopsy. The number of LSM required for reliable studies could be reduced to 6 for ElastPQ and to 7 for VTQ from standard recommendations of 10. Significant fibrosis and interquartile range/median (IQR/M)> 30 were independent predictors for lower reliability for detection of liver fibrosis. Ordinal logistic regression corrected for age showed that there was a significant interaction between steatosis (p = 0.008) and lobular inflammation (p = 0.04) and VTQ (ARFI) and between lobular inflammation and TE (p = 0.006). We showed variations in SWE measurements using different ARFI technologies. TE and ElastPQ achieved good diagnostic performance, whereas VTQ showed lower diagnostic accuracy. The number of measurements required for reliable studies can be reduced to 6 for ElastPQ and to 7 for VTQ, which have important clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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4. Mechanical Design of the Superconducting Magnet for the 28 GHz ECR Ion Source ASTERICS
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Cadoux, T., Bakon, N., Berriaud, C., Felice, H., Mora, E. Fernandez, Graffin, P., Guillo, T., Minier, G., Nunio, F., Rochepault, E., and Simon, D.
- Abstract
ASTERICS is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source designed by CEA, GANIL, and LPSC for the NEWGAIN project in France. The design of the Nb-Ti superconducting magnet is inspired from two magnets built for 28 GHz ion sources (VENUS and FRIB ion sources) and is composed of a sextupole inside three solenoids to confine the plasma. The main improvement in terms of magnetic design comes from an increase of the plasma chamber radius from 71.85 mm to 91 mm aiming at increasing the metallic beam yield at both 18 and 28 GHz. This change in magnetic design leads to an increase of Lorentz forces, impacting the design of the mechanical structure. Like the FRIB ion source, the architecture uses an aluminum shell-based support structure with bladders and keys to compress the sextupole azimuthally, and endplates for its axial compression. The bladders and keys allow a disassembly of the sextupole coils, and an adjustment of the coils pre-stress. The solenoids are wound under tension around an aluminum mandrel acting as a shell for the sextupole pre-load. Interfaces between solenoids and mandrel are designed to allow detachment and low friction sliding during excitation. The scale-up of the support structure, to address the dimension increase, is presented here. The 2D and 3D mechanical models developed to perform the mechanical analysis and the results obtained are detailed along with the preliminary assembly process.
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- 2024
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5. Test Results of the Superconducting Solenoids Series Production for the SARAF-Linac Project
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Simon, D., Bruce, R., Bouziat, D., Donga, T., Stepanov, V., Carton, G., Barabe, T., Ladegaillerie, S., Plaisant, T., and Pichoff, N.
- Abstract
In the framework of the SARAF (Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility) project, CEA is in charge of the design, fabrication and commissioning of a superconducting linac accelerating up to 5 mA beams of either protons from 1.3 to 35 MeV or deuterons from 2.6 to 40 MeV. The superconducting Linac is composed of four 5 meter long and 2.1 meter high cryomodules. The first two cryomodules are composed of six or seven accelerating cavities and six superconducting solenoid packages while the two last cryomodules are composed of seven cavities and four solenoid packages. Each solenoid package is composed of a focusing solenoid with its two shielding coils and two pairs of steering coils to control the beam trajectory. The focusing solenoids have been designed to produce 6.31 T at the center while the steering coils generate horizontal and vertical fields of 0.1 T at the same point. The prototype was manufactured in industry and qualified in 2019 at CEA. Then 20 solenoid packages and 2 spares have been manufactured and all tested at 4.45 K before being assembled in the cryomodules. We report here the status of the series production and test of the solenoid packages. The manufacturing difficulties, the magnetic performances of the magnets and the cryomodules assembly and test will also be presented.
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- 2024
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6. Progress in the Design of the ASTERICS 28 GHz ECR Ion Source Superconducting Magnet for the NEWGAIN Project at GANIL
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Simon, D., Felice, H., Allain, H., Bakon, N., Berriaud, C., Cadoux, T., De Antoni, P., Fernandez Mora, E., Genestier, T., Graffin, P., Guillo, T., Hervieu, B., Kleymenov, V., Minier, G., Rochepault, E., Sinanna, A., Stacchi, F., Touzery, R., Trieste, S., Vallcorba, R., and Thuillier, T.
- Abstract
In the framework of the NEWGAIN project (NEW GAnil INjector), a new injector is under development to supply the SPIRAL2 LINAC at GANIL with heavy ion of a mass to charge-state ratio up to A/q = 7. In order to produce this heavy ion beam, a superconducting 28 GHz ECR Ion Source called ASTERICS is under development and its superconducting magnet used for plasma confinement is designed at CEA in collaboration with LPSC and GANIL. The magnetic design of the ion source is based on the well-proved sextupole-in-solenoids configuration used in different laboratories worldwide. The superconducting coils will be in Nb-Ti placed in a He bath cooled by 6 in-situ cryocoolers. A magnetic and protection optimization has been done to meet the NEWGAIN requirements which calls for a bigger plasma chamber than the existing superconducting ECR ion sources while maintaining the same temperature margin in the coils. This paper focuses on the magnetic analysis, the protection studies and the choice of the superconducting conductor for the sextupole and the solenoids. To validate the coil fabrication steps and the assumptions made in the magnetic design, some winding trials have been done. Both simulations and mock-up results are presented here.
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- 2024
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7. The Contrasting Behavior of Strongly and Weakly Interfacially Active Asphaltenes on the Rheology of Model Waxy Oils.
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Ali, Abdulraouf, Yaghy, Ghinwa, Parameswaran, Laksha, Hodges, Chris S., Charpentier, Thibaut V.J., Connell, Simon D., Roberts, Kevin J., and Harbottle, David
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- 2024
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8. Partial update of the German S3 Guideline Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Adults
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Stuck, Boris A., Arzt, Michael, Fietze, Ingo, Galetke, Wolfgang, Hein, Holger, Heiser, Clemens, Herkenrath, Simon D., Hofauer, Benedikt, Maurer, Joachim T., Mayer, Geert, Orth, Maritta, Penzel, Thomas, Randerath, Winfried, Sommer, J. Ulrich, Steffen, Armin, and Wiater, Alfred
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- 2024
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9. Does studying economics make you selfish?
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Girardi, Daniele, Mamunuru, Sai Madhurika, Halliday, Simon D., and Bowles, Samuel
- Abstract
It is widely held that studying economics makes you more selfish and politically conservative. We use a difference‐in‐differences strategy to disentangle the causal impact of economics education from selection effects. We estimate the effect of four different intermediate microeconomics courses on students' experimentally elicited social preferences and beliefs about others, and policy opinions. We find no discernible effect of studying economics (whatever the course content) on self‐interest or beliefs about others' self‐interest. Results on policy preferences also point to little effect, except that economics may make students somewhat less opposed to highly restrictive immigration policies.
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- 2024
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10. Uniform Polyester-Based Nanoparticles Assembled via Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly as Friction-Reducing Agents in Engine Oil.
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Clamor, Cinzia, Dale, Simon D., Beament, James, Mould, Elizabeth, O'Reilly, Rachel K., and Dove, Andrew P.
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- 2023
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11. Simulation training for medical emergencies of dental patients: A review of the dental literature.
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Kishimoto, Naotaka, Sanuki, Takuro, Liu, Younan, Tran, Simon D., and Seo, Kenji
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MEDICAL emergencies ,DENTAL emergencies ,MEDICAL simulation ,COVID-19 pandemic ,DENTAL offices ,MEDICAL offices - Abstract
In recent years, due to the aging of the population, the number of dental patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes has increased. Although it has been reported that these patients are increasingly developing medical emergencies during their dental treatments, many dental providers still do not possess the skills to manage medical emergencies appropriately. Simulation training is essential to improve this situation however, there is no report describing how to conduct an effective simulation in detail for dental office medical emergencies. The purpose of this review is to provide information on simulations that is effective and practical. The authors will highlight the key characteristics for providing effective simulation trainings, such as the selection of simulators, simulation locations, instructors, debriefings, methods for evaluating educational effectiveness, and the use of telesimulation as a method for simulation training due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this review provides recommendations on tailoring an ideal simulation training course for those who wish to create one. The authors hope that this review will promote the spread of effective simulation training and in turn, contribute to improving the medical safety of dental patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. Modelling a detailed kinetic mechanism for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
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Rihm, Simon D., Akroyd, Jethro, and Kraft, Markus
- Abstract
For the first time a fully-elementary reversible kinetic model for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction towards a multitude of different products has been established and verified with experimental data. The detailed reaction mechanism was generated by compiling hypothesized reaction paths and intermediates from many different sources. Thereby a focus was put on distinguishing different embodiments of similar elementary steps: For proton-coupled electron transfer three hydrogenation mechanisms were considered and for intermediates with unclear molecular structure separate paths were modelled. The micro-kinetic model was fed with tabulated energy parameters and results of DFT calculations to simulate CO 2 reduction on a Cu(100) surface for constant applied potentials. The operating conditions were chosen according to published experimental results in order to compare Faradaic Efficiencies. With these, the model parameters were successfully calibrated across a wide potential range while keeping all values within a tight interval of theoretical bounds derived from ab initio calculations and other theoretical considerations. The calibrated model was found to be in good qualitative agreement with the measurement data and also captures trends of surface coverages reported for in-situ measurements. Most interestingly, it finds the widely accepted hypothesis of dimerization via * CO intermediates to be inaccurate. Instead, coupling reactions of * CHO and * CH 2 intermediates are observed. The shifting of dimerization routes with varying applied potential especially towards ethylene is supported by other experimental studies. Furthermore, this work establishes a methodology of creating and calibrating complex electrochemical micro-kinetic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Uniform Polyester-Based Nanoparticles Assembled via Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly as Friction-Reducing Agents in Engine Oil
- Author
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Clamor, Cinzia, Dale, Simon D., Beament, James, Mould, Elizabeth, O’Reilly, Rachel K., and Dove, Andrew P.
- Abstract
Developing new friction modifiers with enhanced green credentials for the automotive industry is imperative to reduce man-made global warming. Recently, polymer-based particles have been of great interest for this application; however, control over their dimensions in different vectors has been limited. We report the crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of block copolymers in nonpolar and oil solvents, where both blocks contain an ester moiety in the backbone. Cylindrical micelles of controlled lengths were accessed via a living CDSA method, which, when transferred into a base oil, reduced the friction coefficient of the oil. Herein, we established a dimension-friction modification relationship using cylindrical polyester-based particles, which outperformed commonly used lubricants.
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- 2023
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14. Posterior Hip Impingement at Maximal Hip Extension in Female Patients With Increased Femoral Version or Increased McKibbin Index and Its Effect on Sports Performance.
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Boschung, Adam, Antioco, Tiziano, Steppacher, Simon D., Tannast, Moritz, Novais, Eduardo N., Kim, Young-jo, and Lerch, Till D.
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- 2023
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15. Physiotherapists should apply health coaching techniques and incorporate accountability to foster adherence to a walking program for low back pain: a qualitative study.
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Pocovi, Natasha C, Ayre, Julie, French, Simon D, Lin, Chung-Wei Christine, Tiedemann, Anne, Maher, Christopher G, Merom, Dafna, McCaffrey, Kirsten, and Hancock, Mark J
- Subjects
HEALTH education ,LUMBAR pain ,LIFESTYLES ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH methodology ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,INTERVIEWING ,RESPONSIBILITY ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHYSICAL activity ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,WALKING ,SOUND recordings ,PATIENT compliance ,THEMATIC analysis ,PHYSICAL therapists ,HEALTH promotion ,PAIN management - Abstract
What motivates individuals to start a walking program for the prevention of low back pain? What strategies optimise short-term and long-term adherence to a walking program? What strategies can physiotherapists incorporate into clinical practice to facilitate commencement of and adherence to a walking program? Qualitative study. Twenty-two adults recently recovered from an episode of non-specific low back pain who participated in a 6-month, progressive and individualised walking program that was prescribed by a physiotherapist trained in health coaching. Semi-structured focus groups conducted online following completion of the walking program. Interview questions explored: primary motivations for starting a walking program, identification of which elements were useful in optimising adherence to the program, and identification of the barriers to and facilitators of engagement with the program. Audio recordings were transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted. Three major themes were identified. Theme one identified that strong motivators to start a walking program were anticipated improvements in low back pain management and the added general health benefits of a more active lifestyle. Theme two identified that fear of high-impact exercises led to avoidance; however, walking was considered a safe exercise option. Theme three identified accountability, enjoyment of exercise and health benefits were critical to adherence. Participants recently recovered from low back pain reflected positively on a physiotherapist-prescribed walking program. Participants described what elements of the program were crucial to starting exercise and optimising adherence. These findings have informed a list of practical recommendations for physiotherapists to improve patient commencement and adherence to exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. The East Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea) as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Kaiser, Jérôme, Abel, Serena, Arz, Helge W, Cundy, Andrew B, Dellwig, Olaf, Gaca, Pawel, Gerdts, Gunnar, Hajdas, Irka, Labrenz, Matthias, Milton, James A, Moros, Matthias, Primpke, Sebastian, Roberts, Sarah L, Rose, Neil L, Turner, Simon D, Voss, Maren, and Ivar do Sul, Juliana A
- Abstract
The short sediment core EMB201/7-4 retrieved from the East Gotland Basin, central Baltic Sea, is explored here as a candidate to host the stratigraphical basis for the Anthropocene series and its equivalent Anthropocene epoch, still to be formalized in the Geological Time Scale. The core has been accurately dated back to 1840 CE using a well-established event stratigraphy approach. A pronounced and significant change occurs at 26.5 cm (dated 1956 ± 4 CE) for a range of geochemical markers including 239+240Pu, 241Am, fly-ash particles, DDT (organochlorine insecticide), total organic carbon, and bulk organic carbon stable isotopes. This stratigraphic level, which corresponds to a change in both lithology and sediment colour related to early anthropogenic-triggered eutrophication of the central Baltic Sea, is proposed as a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series.
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- 2023
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17. North Flinders Reef (Coral Sea, Australia) Poritessp. corals as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Zinke, Jens, Cantin, Neal E, DeLong, Kristine L, Palmer, Kylie, Boom, Arnoud, Hajdas, Irka, Duprey, Nicolas, Martínez-García, Alfredo, Rose, Neil L, Roberts, Sarah L, Yang, Handong, Roberts, Lucy R, Cundy, Andrew B, Gaca, Pawel, Milton, James Andy, Frank, Grace, Cox, Adam, Sampson, Sue, Tyrrell, Genevieve, Agg, Molly, and Turner, Simon D
- Abstract
Corals are unique in the suite of proposed Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) archives, as living organisms that produce aragonite exoskeletons preserved in the geological record that contain highly accurate and precise (<±1 year) internal chronologies. The GSSP candidate site North Flinders Reef in the Coral Sea (Australia) is an offshore oceanic reef, and therefore less vulnerable to local human influences than those closer to the coast. Here, we present geochemical records from two Poritessp. corals sampled at an annual to pluri-annual (i.e. 3–5 years) resolution that shows clear global and regional human impacts. Atmospheric nuclear bomb testing by-products (14C,239+240Pu) show a clear increase in the Flinders Reef corals coincident with well-dated nuclear testing operations. By contrast, the radionuclides 241Am and 137Cs are present at low or undetectable levels, as are spheroidal carbonaceous fly-ash particles. Coral δ13C shows centennial variability likely influenced by growth effects in the 18th century and with a progression to lower values starting in 1880 CE and accelerating post-1970 CE. The latter may be related to the Suess effect resulting from 13C-depleted fossil fuel burning. Coral δ15N decreased between 1710 and 1954 CE with a reversal post-1954 CE. Coral temperature proxies indicate prominent centennial variability with equally warm conditions in the 18th and end of 20th century. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the mid-20th century changes in these parameters need to be scrutinised in further detail.Plain Language summary: This work proposes a candidate natural archive for the official marker of the Anthropocene that geologists will use to mark this important interval in time. Our candidate is a live coral from North Flinders Reef in the Coral Sea (Australia), located 150 km east of the Great Barrier Reef, a location that is remote from direct local human influences. Corals are a unique archive of tropical ocean change because they incorporate the geochemical signature from seawater into their limestone skeleton during their long life-spans. Here we investigated a number of geochemical markers in yearly growth layers of the corals to define several markers for the Anthropocene based on changes in temperature, water chemistry, chemicals from pollution and fertilisers, radioactive products from nuclear bomb testing, and by-products from burning fossil fuels. We have detected clear human influences in several of these markers.
- Published
- 2023
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18. The Flower Garden Banks Siderastrea sidereacoral as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., DeLong, Kristine L, Palmer, Kylie, Wagner, Amy J, Weerabaddana, Mudith M, Slowey, Niall, Herrmann, Achim D, Duprey, Nicolas, Martínez-García, Alfredo, Jung, Jonathan, Hajdas, Irka, Rose, Neil L, Roberts, Sarah L, Roberts, Lucy R, Cundy, Andrew B, Gaca, Pawel, Milton, J Andrew, Yang, Handong, Turner, Simon D, Huang, Chun-Yuan, Shen, Chuan-Chou, and Zinke, Jens
- Abstract
The proposed Anthropocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate site of West Flower Garden Bank (27.8762°N, 93.8147°W) is an open ocean location in the Gulf of Mexico with a submerged coral reef and few direct human impacts. Corals contain highly accurate and precise (<±1 year) internal chronologies, similar to tree rings, and their exoskeletons are formed of aragonite and can be preserved in the rock record. Here we present results from a large Siderastrea sidereacoral (core 05WFGB3; 1755–2005 CE) sampled with annual and monthly resolutions that show clear markers of global and regional human impacts. Atmospheric nuclear bomb testing by-products (14C, 239+240Pu) have clear increases in this coral starting in 1957 for 14C and the first increase in 1956 for 239+240Pu (potential bases for the Anthropocene GSSP). Coral δ13C declined especially after 1956 consistent with the Suess effect resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. Coral skeletal δ15N starts to increase in 1963 corresponding with the increase in agricultural fertilizers. Coral Hg concentrations (1933–1980) loosely track fluctuations in industrial pollution and coral Ba/Ca increases from 1965–1983 when offshore oil operations expand after 1947. Coral temperature proxies contain the 20th-century global warming trend whereas coral growth declines during this interval.
- Published
- 2023
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19. The Palmer ice core as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Thomas, Elizabeth R, Vladimirova, Diana O, Tetzner, Dieter R, Emanuelsson, Daniel B, Humby, Jack, Turner, Simon D, Rose, Neil L, Roberts, Sarah L, Gaca, Pawel, and Cundy, Andrew B
- Abstract
The remote Antarctic continent, distant from human industrial activity, should be one of the last places on Earth to capture Anthropogenic change. Hence, stratigraphic evidence of pollution and nuclear activity in the Antarctic provides proof of the global nature of the Anthropocene epoch. We propose an Antarctic Peninsula ice core candidate for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to the onset of the Anthropocene. The Palmer ice core captures the first evidence of spheroidal carbonaceous fly ash particles (SCPs), resulting from high temperature combustion deposited in Antarctic ice. SCPs first appear in 1936 CE, preceding the rise in plutonium (239+240Pu) concentrations from 1945 CE onwards. GSSP 1952 CE occurs at a depth of 34.9 m, coincident with the peak in 239+240Puthe primary marker for this site.
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- 2023
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20. Evidence and experiment: Curating contexts of Anthropocene geology
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Rosol, Christoph, Schäfer, Georg N, Turner, Simon D, Waters, Colin N, Head, Martin J, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Rossée, Carlina, Renn, Jürgen, Klingan, Katrin, and Scherer, Bernd M
- Abstract
Together with research teams from around the world, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) has been meticulously quantifying and scrutinizing the global stratigraphic imprint of human activities, the results of which are gathered in this thematic collection of papers in The Anthropocene Review. How can such empirical research, which so impressively articulates the end of a relatively stable Earth System in the mid-20th century, inform our ways of understanding and responding to the planetary crisis that the geological samples quietly represent? In this afterword to the collection we report and reflect on the joint undertaking of the AWG, Haus der Kulturen der Welt and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science to bring geoscientific evidence, cultural experimentation and historical contextualization together in a shared public framework.
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- 2023
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21. Candidate sites and other reference sections for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point of the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Waters, Colin N, Turner, Simon D, Zalasiewicz, Jan, and Head, Martin J
- Abstract
We review and compare proposals for 12 reference sections submitted to the Anthropocene Working Group of the International Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, of which one will be recommended as the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to define the base of the Anthropocene as a series within the Geological Time Scale. The sites span five continents and are located in diverse environments, with all but one sampled by coring. Many sites show annually resolved laminae (here considered optimal for GSSP selection) that can be independently dated radiometrically to confirm a complete succession over the critical interval. An extensive range of proxies, documenting profound human modification of the Earth System at around the mid-20th century interval, has been analysed. Airborne signals (e.g. radioisotopes, fly ash, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes) provide the most widespread and near-isochronous proxies, applicable across most environments. Additional means of correlation include the appearance of microplastics and persistent organic pollutants, and shifts in heavy metal concentrations and lead isotope ratios. Assemblage changes of microfossils (and some macrofossils) in marine, estuarine and lake settings reflect environmental changes and biological introductions. These systematic and comprehensive datasets, with correlation established between sections, provide the basis for a proposal to formalize the Anthropocene.
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- 2023
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22. Novel Use of Intravascular Lithotripsy for Percutaneous Relief of Critical Right Ventricle-to-Pulmonary Artery Conduit Stenosis.
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Lee, Melissa G.Y., Russo, Jeremy J., Norman, Samuel, Binny, Simon D., Joshi, Subodh B., Eastaugh, Lucas, Grigg, Leeanne E., and Wilson, William M.
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- 2023
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23. Introducing Australia's clinical care standard for low back pain1.
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Maher, Christopher G, Archambeau, Aline, Buchbinder, Rachelle, French, Simon D, Morphet, Julia, Nicholas, Michael K, O'Sullivan, Peter, Pirotta, Marie, Yelland, Michael J, Zeller, Leo, Marles, Elizabeth, Bhasale, Alice L, and Lane, Christina
- Subjects
LUMBAR pain ,MEDICAL quality control ,PAIN management - Abstract
The article introduces Australia's clinical care standard for low back pain, published in the Journal of Physiotherapy.
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- 2023
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24. Clinical and cost-effectiveness of nurse-delivered sleep restriction therapy for insomnia in primary care (HABIT): a pragmatic, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial
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Kyle, Simon D, Siriwardena, A Niroshan, Espie, Colin A, Yang, Yaling, Petrou, Stavros, Ogburn, Emma, Begum, Nargis, Maurer, Leonie F, Robinson, Barbara, Gardner, Caroline, Lee, Victoria, Armstrong, Stephanie, Pattinson, Julie, Mort, Sam, Temple, Eleanor, Harris, Victoria, Yu, Ly-Mee, Bower, Peter, and Aveyard, Paul
- Abstract
Insomnia is prevalent and distressing but access to the first-line treatment, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), is extremely limited. We aimed to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of sleep restriction therapy, a key component of CBT, which has the potential to be widely implemented.
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- 2023
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25. Design of ASTERICS: A Superconducting 28 GHz ECR Ion Source Magnet for GANIL
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Simon, D., Cadoux, T., Mora, E. Fernandez, Hervieu, B., Berriaud, C., Segreti, M., Minier, G., Rochepault, E., Vallcorba, R., Sinanna, A., Gregoire, L., Bakon, N., Thuillier, T., and Ghribi, A.
- Abstract
In the framework of the NEWGAIN project, which aims to build a second injector with a mass to charge-state ratio A/q = 7 for the SPIRAL2 linear accelerator at GANIL, CEA is developing in collaboration with LPSC and GANIL a new superconducting 28 GHz ECR Ion Source Magnet named ASTERICS. The magnetic design is based on an advanced concept of the VENUS ECR ion source operating at Berkeley and the FRIB source under commisionning at MSU. The ion source superconducting magnet consists of a sextupole inside three solenoids to confine the plasma and a shell-based support structure to apply a preload to the sextupole coils. The confinement coils will be made in Nb-Ti and will be operated at 4.2 K. The cryogenic environment will be ensured by liquid helium thermosiphon closed loop thanks to six in-situ cryocoolers. Specific HTS current leads are being designed to power the magnet. A cold integrated He buffer will also allow He almost-lossless quenches. The preliminary design choices of the ASTERICS superconducting magnet are presented here from the magnetic, mechanical and protection design to the cryogenic definition emphasizing the global approach used to obtain the final magnet configuration.
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- 2023
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26. Sleep health dimensions and shift work as longitudinal predictors of cognitive performance in the UK Biobank cohort.
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Ell, Johanna, Schiel, Julian E, Feige, Bernd, Riemann, Dieter, Nyhuis, Casandra C, Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio, Vetter, Céline, Rutter, Martin K, Kyle, Simon D, and Spiegelhalder, Kai
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- 2023
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27. William Carlos Williams Bibliography 2022
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Trüb, Simon D.
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- 2023
28. Self-Quenching Behavior of a Fluorescent Probe Incorporated within Lipid Membranes Explored Using Electrophoresis and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy.
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Meredith, Sophie A., Kusunoki, Yuka, Connell, Simon D., Morigaki, Kenichi, Evans, Stephen D., and Adams, Peter G.
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- 2023
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29. PrIntMap-R: An Online Application for Intraprotein Intensity and Peptide Visualization from Bottom-Up Proteomics.
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Weaver, Simon D., DeRosa, Christine M., Schultz, Sadie R., and Champion, Matthew M.
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- 2023
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30. Large Hip Impingement Area and Subspine Hip Impingement in Patients With Absolute Femoral Retroversion or Decreased Combined Version.
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Boschung, Adam, Antioco, Tiziano, Novais, Eduardo N., Kim, Young-jo, Kiapour, Ata, Tannast, Moritz, Steppacher, Simon D., and Lerch, Till D.
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- 2023
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31. Simultaneous N‑Deglycosylation and Digestion of Complex Samples on S‑Traps Enables Efficient Glycosite Hypothesis Generation.
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DeRosa, Christine M., Weaver, Simon D., Wang, Chien-Wei, Schuster-Little, Naviya, and Whelan, Rebecca J.
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- 2023
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32. Applying network flow optimisation techniques to minimise cost associated with flood disaster.
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Okonta, Simon D. and Olaomi, John
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Flooding disasters in most parts of the world has become worrisome to the government and to the humanitarian emergency organisations. In this article, the authors proffer a mathematical solution to minimise the cost of rescue operations, using stochastic programming of a multicommodity and multimodel network flow. In the formulation, the authors considered four supply depots: national centre depot (NCD), three local distribution centres (LDCs) and six points of distribution (PODs). Two vehicle types were helicopters by air and trucks by land. Three basic types of emergency relief materials include food, water and medical items. Three basic scenarios were mild, medium and severe situations with associated probabilities of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.25, respectively. The formulated model was solved using the LINGO software. The results show that the formulated model effectively reduced the cost of distribution during emergency rescue operation, as there was a thin line between demand and met demand. For the scope of this model, a minimised cost of about $1016673.37 is sufficient to carry out successful rescue operations. Contribution: The estimated amount of $1016673.37 becomes a benchmark for the government, research agencies and other developmental agencies for the purpose of planning. By using the air and road transport modes, and allowing direct and indirect transportation to the PODs, it saved time, resulting in many lives being saved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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33. Effectiveness of a New Service Delivery Model for Management of Knee Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
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Hunter, David J., Bowden, Jocelyn L., Hinman, Rana S., Egerton, Thorlene, Briggs, Andrew M., Bunker, Stephen J., French, Simon D., Pirotta, Marie, Shrestha, Rupendra, Schofield, Deborah J., Schuck, Karen, Zwar, Nicholas A., Silva, S. Sandun M., Heller, Gillian Z., and Bennell, Kim L.
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To evaluate the effectiveness and health costs of a new primary care service delivery model (the Optimising Primary Care Management of Knee Osteoarthritis [PARTNER] model) to improve health outcomes for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to usual care. This study was a 2‐arm, cluster, superiority, randomized controlled trial with randomization at the general practice level, undertaken in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. We aimed to recruit 44 practices and 572 patients age ≥45 years with knee pain for >3 months. Professional development opportunities on best practice OA care were provided to intervention group general practitioners (GPs). All recruited patients had an initial GP visit to confirm knee OA diagnosis. Control patients continued usual GP care, and intervention patients were referred to a centralized care support team (CST) for 12‐months. Via telehealth, the CST provided OA education and an agreed OA action plan focused on muscle strengthening, physical activity, and weight management. Primary outcomes were patient self‐reported change in knee pain (Numerical Rating Scale [range 0–10; higher score = worse]) and physical function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score activities of daily living subscale [range 0–100; higher score = better] at 12 months. Health care cost outcomes included costs of medical visits and prescription medications over the 12‐month period. Recruitment targets were not reached. A total of 38 practices and 217 patients were recruited. The intervention improved pain by 0.8 of 10 points (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2, 1.4) and function by 6.5 of 100 points (95% CI 2.3, 10.7), more than usual care at 12 months. Total costs of medical visits and prescriptions were $3,940 (Australian) for the intervention group versus $4,161 for usual care. This difference was not statistically significant. The PARTNER model improved knee pain and function more than usual GP care. The magnitude of improvement is unlikely to be clinically meaningful for pain but is uncertain for function.
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- 2023
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34. Stem cell therapy for salivary gland regeneration after radiation injury
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Upadhyay, Akshaya and Tran, Simon D
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- 2023
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35. Do Osteochondroplasty Alone, Intertrochanteric Derotation Osteotomy, and Flexion-Derotation Osteotomy Improve Hip Flexion and Internal Rotation to Normal Range in Hips With Severe SCFE? - A 3D-CT Simulation Study
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Lerch, Till D., Kim, Young-Jo, Kiapour, Ata, Steppacher, Simon D., Boschung, Adam, Tannast, Moritz, Siebenrock, Klaus A., and Novais, Eduardo N.
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- 2023
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36. The Ernesto Cave, northern Italy, as a candidate auxiliary reference section for the definition of the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Borsato, Andrea, Fairchild, Ian J, Frisia, Silvia, Wynn, Peter M, and Fohlmeister, Jens
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Annually laminated stalagmites ER77 and ER78 from Grotta di Ernesto provide an accurate annual record of environmental and anthropogenic signals for the last ~200 years. Two major transitions are recorded in the stalagmites. The first coincides with the year 1840 CE, when a change from porous and impurity-rich-laminae to clean, translucent laminae occurs. This is accompanied by a steady increase in the growth rate, a decrease in fluorescence and a sharp increase in δ13C values. These changes concur with the end of the Little Ice Age. The second transition takes place around the year 1960 CE and corresponds with an increase in both annual growth rate and sulfur concentration in stalagmite ER78 at 4.2 mm from the top, and with the deflection point in the 14C activity curve in stalagmite ER77 at 4.8 mm from the top. This latter is the stratigraphic signal proposed as the primary guide for the definition of the Anthropocene series. The following shift toward depleted δ34S–SO4in stalagmite ER78 suggests that industrial pollution is a major source of sulfur. The interpretation of atmospheric signals (S, δ34S, 14C) in the stalagmites is affected by attenuation and time lags and the environmental signals are influenced by soil and ecosystem processes, while other anthropogenic signals (δ15N, 239Pu) are not recorded. For these reasons, the stalagmite record is here proposed as an auxiliary (reference) section rather than a global standard. In summary, Grotta di Ernesto contains one of the best stalagmite records documenting the Anthropocene, and one of only two stalagmite records where the S peak has been measured at high resolution.
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- 2023
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37. The Sihailongwan Maar Lake, northeastern China as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Han, Yongming, Zhisheng, An, Lei, Dewen, Zhou, Weijian, Zhang, Luyuan, Zhao, Xue, Yan, Dongna, Arimoto, Richard, Rose, Neil L, Roberts, Sarah L, Li, Li, Tang, Yalan, Liu, Xingqi, Fu, Xuewu, Schneider, Tobias, Hou, Xiaolin, Lan, Jianghu, Tan, Liangcheng, Liu, Xingxing, Hu, Jing, Cao, Yunning, Liu, Weiguo, Wu, Feng, Wang, Tianli, Qiang, Xiaoke, Chen, Ning, Cheng, Peng, Hao, Yifei, Wang, Qiyuan, Chu, Guoqiang, Guo, Meiling, Han, Mei, Tan, Zhihai, Wei, Chong, and Dusek, Ulrike
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Sihailongwan Maar Lake, located in Northeast China, is a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for demarcation of the Anthropocene. The lake’s varved sediments are formed by alternating allogenic atmospheric inputs and authigenic lake processes and store a record of environmental and human impacts at a continental-global scale. Varve counting and radiometric dating provided a precise annual-resolution sediment chronology for the site. Time series records of radioactive (239,240Pu, 129I and soot 14C), chemical (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, soot, heavy metals, δ13C, etc.), physical (magnetic susceptibility and grayscale) and biological (environmental DNA) indicators all show rapid changes in the mid-20th century, coincident with clear lithological changes of the sediments. Statistical analyses of these proxies show a tipping point in 1954 CE. 239,240Pu activities follow a typical unimodal globally-distributed profile, and are proposed as the primary marker for the Anthropocene. A rapid increase in 239,240Pu activities at 88 mm depth in core SHLW21-Fr-13 (1953 CE) is synchronous with rapid changes of other anthropogenic proxies and the Great Acceleration, marking the onset of the Anthropocene. The results indicate that Sihailongwan Maar Lake is an ideal site for the Anthropocene GSSP.
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- 2023
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38. The San Francisco Estuary, USA as a reference section for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Himson, Stephen, Williams, Mark, Zalasiewicz, Jan, Waters, Colin N, McGann, Mary, England, Richard, Jaffe, Bruce E, Boom, Arnoud, Holmes, Rachael, Sampson, Sue, Pye, Cerin, Berrio, Juan Carlos, Tyrrell, Genevieve, Wilkinson, Ian P, Rose, Neil, Gaca, Pawel, and Cundy, Andrew
- Abstract
A San Francisco Estuary core was analysed at high resolution to assess its component stratigraphic signatures of the Anthropocene in the form of non-native species, Hg, spheroidal carbonaceous particles, δ13Corg, δ15N, radiogenic materials, and heavy metals. Time series analysis of the core using Ti data provides a chronology to depth 167 cm into the 1960s. Below this, to depth 230 cm, the lowermost part of the core may extend to the 1950s or potentially a little earlier. The earliest anthropogenic marker recorded in the core is the excursion in Hg (beginning at 190 cm) which may denote the early 1960s and is the closest stratigraphic marker in the core to the proposed mid-20th century timing for the onset of the Anthropocene. Biostratigraphical signatures of non-native species arriving in the 1970s–1980s are widespread key markers and are significant tools for the correlation of Anthropocene deposits across the estuary. The absence of signals that indicate pre-1950s deposits precludes the use of the core to mark the Holocene–Anthropocene boundary. However, the core provides an important reference section to demonstrate the palaeontological distinctiveness of Anthropocene series deposits.
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- 2023
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39. Beppu Bay, Japan, as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Kuwae, Michinobu, Finney, Bruce P, Shi, Zhiyuan, Sakaguchi, Aya, Tsugeki, Narumi, Omori, Takayuki, Agusa, Tetsuro, Suzuki, Yoshiaki, Yokoyama, Yusuke, Hinata, Hirofumi, Hatada, Yoshio, Inoue, Jun, Matsuoka, Kazumi, Shimada, Misaki, Takahara, Hikaru, Takahashi, Shin, Ueno, Daisuke, Amano, Atsuko, Tsutsumi, Jun, Yamamoto, Masanobu, Takemura, Keiji, Yamada, Keitaro, Ikehara, Ken, Haraguchi, Tsuyoshi, Tims, Stephen, Froehlich, Michaela, Fifield, Leslie Keith, Aze, Takahiro, Sasa, Kimikazu, Takahashi, Tsutomu, Matsumura, Masumi, Tani, Yukinori, Leavitt, Peter R, Doi, Hideyuki, Irino, Tomohisa, Moriya, Kazuyoshi, Hayashida, Akira, Hirose, Kotaro, Suzuki, Hidekazu, and Saito, Yoshiki
- Abstract
For assessment of the potential of the Beppu Bay sediments as a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) candidate for the Anthropocene, we have integrated datasets of 99 proxies. The datasets for the sequences date back 100 years for most proxy records and 1300 years for several records. The cumulative number of occurrences of the anthropogenic fingerprint reveal unprecedented increases above the base of the 1953 flood layer at 64.6 cm (1953 CE), which coincides with an initial increase in global fallout of 239Pu+240Pu. The onset of the proliferation of anthropogenic fingerprints was followed by diverse human-associated events, including a rapid increase in percent modern 14C in anchovy scales, changes in nitrogen and carbon cycling as recorded by anchovy δ15N and δ13C, elevated pollution of heavy metals, increased deposition of novel materials (spheroidal carbonaceous particles, microplastics, polychlorinated biphenyls), the occurrence of hypoxia (Re/Mo ratio) and eutrophication (biogenic opal, TOC, TN, diatoms, chlorophyll a), unprecedented microplankton community changes (compositions of carotenoids, diatoms, dinoflagellates), abnormally high spring air temperatures as inferred from diatom fossils, and lithological changes. These lines of evidence indicate that the base of the 1953 layer is the best GSSP level candidate in the stratigraphy at this site.
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- 2023
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40. The Searsville Lake Site (California, USA) as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Stegner, M Allison, Hadly, Elizabeth A, Barnosky, Anthony D, La Selle, SeanPaul, Sherrod, Brian, Anderson, R Scott, Redondo, Sergio A, Viteri, Maria C, Weaver, Karrie L, Cundy, Andrew B, Gaca, Pawel, Rose, Neil L, Yang, Handong, Roberts, Sarah L, Hajdas, Irka, Black, Bryan A, and Spanbauer, Trisha L
- Abstract
Cores from Searsville Lake within Stanford University’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, California, USA, are examined to identify a potential GSSP for the Anthropocene: core JRBP2018-VC01B (944.5 cm-long) and tightly correlated JRBP2018-VC01A (852.5 cm-long). Spanning from 1900 CE ± 3 years to 2018 CE, a secure chronology resolved to the sub-annual level allows detailed exploration of the Holocene-Anthropocene transition. We identify the primary GSSP marker as first appearance of 239,240Pu (372–374 cm) in JRBP2018-VC01B and designate the GSSP depth as the distinct boundary between wet and dry season at 366 cm (6 cm above the first sample containing 239,240Pu) and corresponding to October-December 1948 CE. This is consistent with a lag of 1–2 years between ejection of 239,240Pu into the atmosphere and deposition. Auxiliary markers include: first appearance of 137Cs in 1958; late 20th-century decreases in δ15N; late 20th-century elevation in SCPs, Hg, Pb, and other heavy metals; and changes in abundance and presence of ostracod, algae, rotifer and protozoan microfossils. Fossil pollen document anthropogenic landscape changes related to logging and agriculture. As part of a major university, the Searsville site has long been used for research and education, serves users locally to internationally, and is protected yet accessible for future studies and communication about the Anthropocene.Plain Word Summary The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch is suggested to lie in sediments accumulated over the last ~120 years in Searsville Lake, Woodside, California, USA. The site fulfills all of the ideal criteria for defining and placing a GSSP. In addition, the Searsville site is particularly appropriate to mark the onset of the Anthropocene, because it was anthropogenic activities–the damming of a watershed–that created a geologic record that now preserves the very signals that can be used to recognize the Anthropocene worldwide.
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- 2023
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41. The urban sediments of Karlsplatz, Vienna (Austria) as a reference section for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Wagreich, Michael, Meszar, Maria, Lappé, Kira, Wolf, Janis, Mosser, Martin, Hornek, Katrin, Koukal, Veronika, Litschauer, Constance, Piperakis, Nikolaos, and Hain, Karin
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Anthropogenic strata form the layered urban archive in the underground of large cities. In a transdisciplinary project involving geosciences, isotope physics and urban archaeology, we looked for artificial isotopes and anthropogenic trace metals. The tested archaeological site Karlsplatz is situated in the city of Vienna (Austria). Archaeology and historical data sets provide age constraints around 1922, post-1945 and at 1959. A layer on top of the WW2 rubble that covers foundations of a 1922 building post-dates 1945, and pre-dates the levelling of the artificial park ground in 1959. The fine-grained sediment matrix of these layers is mixed with backfilled soil material. Samples were analysed for trace elements such as lead, copper and zinc, and prepared for chemical separation of actinides analysed by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Several artificial radionuclides, including the plutonium and uranium isotopes 239Pu, 240Pu and 236U, were found in the post-1945 layer, and the 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratio clearly points to the presence of atmospheric atomic bomb fallout material of the 1950s. Thus, the bomb-spike can be identified and used as a primary stratigraphic marker even in coarse urban anthropogenic sediments, exemplifying the correlation potential of these radionuclide markers and marking a correlative reference section for the Anthropocene series.
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- 2023
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42. The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, Barbara, Łokas, Edyta, Smieja-Król, Beata, Turner, Simon, De Vleeschouwer, Francois, Woszczyk, Michał, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Gałka, Mariusz, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Kołaczek, Piotr, Hajdas, Irka, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołtonik, Katarzyna, Mróz, Tomasz, Roberts, Sarah, Rose, Neil, Krzykawski, Tomasz, Boom, Arnoud, and Yang, Handong
- Abstract
The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C), fly ash particles, Hg and stable C and N isotopes which are consistent with the previously well documented 210Pb/14C dated Sn1 profile, which provides a high-resolution and comprehensive database of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE), Pb isotopes, Pu, Cs, pollen and testate amoebae. The 1952 worldwide appearance of Pu, owing to its global synchronicity and repeatability between the cores, is proposed here as a primary marker of the Anthropocene, supported by the prominent upturn of selected chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic indicators as well as the appearance of technofossils and artificial radionuclides.
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- 2023
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43. The varved succession of Crawford Lake, Milton, Ontario, Canada as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series
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Waters, Colin N., Turner, Simon D., Zalasiewicz, Jan, Head, Martin J., McCarthy, Francine MG, Patterson, R. Timothy, Head, Martin J, Riddick, Nicholas L, Cumming, Brian F, Hamilton, Paul B, Pisaric, Michael FJ, Gushulak, A. Cale, Leavitt, Peter R, Lafond, Krysten M, Llew-Williams, Brendan, Marshall, Matthew, Heyde, Autumn, Pilkington, Paul M, Moraal, Joshua, Boyce, Joseph I, Nasser, Nawaf A, Walsh, Carling, Garvie, Monica, Roberts, Sarah, Rose, Neil L, Cundy, Andy B, Gaca, Pawel, Milton, Andy, Hajdas, Irka, Crann, Carley A, Boom, Arnoud, Finkelstein, Sarah A, and McAndrews, John H
- Abstract
An annually laminated succession in Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada is proposed for the Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) to define the Anthropocene as a series/epoch with a base dated at 1950 CE. Varve couplets of organic matter capped by calcite precipitated each summer in alkaline surface waters reflect environmental change at global to local scales. Spheroidal carbonaceous particles and nitrogen isotopes record an increase in fossil fuel combustion in the early 1950s, coinciding with early fallout from nuclear and thermonuclear testing – 239+240Pu and 14C:12C, the latter more than compensating for the effects of old carbon in this dolomitic basin. Rapid industrial expansion in the North American Great Lakes region led to enhanced leaching of terrigenous elements by acid precipitation during the Great Acceleration, and calcite precipitation was reduced, producing thin calcite laminae around the GSSP that is marked by a sharp decline in elm pollen (Dutch Elm disease). The lack of bioturbation in well-oxygenated bottom waters, supported by the absence of fossil pigments from obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacteria, is attributed to elevated salinities and high alkalinity below the chemocline. This aerobic depositional environment, highly unusual in a meromictic lake, inhibits the mobilization of Pu, the proposed primary stratigraphic guide for the Anthropocene.
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- 2023
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44. Introducing Australia's clinical care standard for low back pain.
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Maher, Christopher G, Archambeau, Aline, Buchbinder, Rachelle, French, Simon D, Morphet, Julie, Nicholas, Michael K, O'Sullivan, Peter, Pirotta, Marie, Yelland, Michael J, Zeller, Leo, Saad, Nivene, Marles, Elizabeth, Bhasale, Alice L, and Lane, Christina
- Abstract
The Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard provides an excellent guide for how each of the professions can contribute to better care of low back pain. Conclusion The Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard meets an urgent need to provide a resource to ensure curricula relevant to low back pain are up to date, and a clear roadmap for existing clinicians to deliver best care for people with low back pain. Keywords: Back pain; Guidelines as topic EN Back pain Guidelines as topic 354 356 3 05/03/23 20230501 NES 230501 A new clinical care standard provides evidence-based guidance to help clinicians deliver best care for people with low back pain In September 2022, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care released its Low Back Pain Clinical Care Standard.[1] The Standard covers the early clinical management of people who present with a new acute episode of low back pain. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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45. Self-Quenching Behavior of a Fluorescent Probe Incorporated within Lipid Membranes Explored Using Electrophoresis and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
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Meredith, Sophie A., Kusunoki, Yuka, Connell, Simon D., Morigaki, Kenichi, Evans, Stephen D., and Adams, Peter G.
- Abstract
Fluorescent probes are useful in biophysics research to assess the spatial distribution, mobility, and interactions of biomolecules. However, fluorophores can undergo “self-quenching” of their fluorescence intensity at high concentrations. A greater understanding of concentration-quenching effects is important for avoiding artifacts in fluorescence images and relevant to energy transfer processes in photosynthesis. Here, we show that an electrophoresis technique can be used to control the migration of charged fluorophores associated with supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and that quenching effects can be quantified with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Confined SLBs containing controlled quantities of lipid-linked Texas Red (TR) fluorophores were generated within 100 × 100 μm corral regions on glass substrates. Application of an electric field in-plane with the lipid bilayer induced the migration of negatively charged TR-lipid molecules toward the positive electrode and created a lateral concentration gradient across each corral. The self-quenching of TR was directly observed in FLIM images as a correlation of high concentrations of fluorophores to reductions in their fluorescence lifetime. By varying the initial concentration of TR fluorophores incorporated into the SLBs from 0.3% to 0.8% (mol/mol), the maximum concentration of fluorophores reached during electrophoresis could be modulated from 2% up to 7% (mol/mol), leading to the reduction of fluorescence lifetime down to 30% and quenching of the fluorescence intensity down to 10% of their original levels. As part of this work, we demonstrated a method for converting fluorescence intensity profiles into molecular concentration profiles by correcting for quenching effects. The calculated concentration profiles have a good fit to an exponential growth function, suggesting that TR-lipids can diffuse freely even at high concentrations. Overall, these findings prove that electrophoresis is effective at producing microscale concentration gradients of a molecule-of-interest and that FLIM is an excellent approach to interrogate dynamic changes to molecular interactions via their photophysical state.
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- 2023
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46. Decellularized ECM hydrogels: prior use considerations, applications, and opportunities in tissue engineering and biofabrication
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Kort-Mascort, Jacqueline, Flores-Torres, Salvador, Peza-Chavez, Omar, Jang, Joyce H., Pardo, Lucas Antonio, Tran, Simon D., and Kinsella, Joseph
- Abstract
Tissue development, wound healing, pathogenesis, regeneration, and homeostasis rely upon coordinated and dynamic spatial and temporal remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. ECM reorganization and normal physiological tissue function, require the establishment and maintenance of biological, chemical, and mechanical feedback mechanisms directed by cell–matrix interactions. To replicate the physical and biological environment provided by the ECM in vivo, methods have been developed to decellularize and solubilize tissues which yield organ and tissue-specific bioactive hydrogels. While these biomaterials retain several important traits of the native ECM, the decellularizing process, and subsequent sterilization, and solubilization result in fragmented, cleaved, or partially denatured macromolecules. The final product has decreased viscosity, moduli, and yield strength, when compared to the source tissue, limiting the compatibility of isolated decellularized ECM (dECM) hydrogels with fabrication methods such as extrusion bioprinting. This review describes the physical and bioactive characteristics of dECM hydrogels and their role as biomaterials for biofabrication. In this work, critical variables when selecting the appropriate tissue source and extraction methods are identified. Common manual and automated fabrication techniques compatible with dECM hydrogels are described and compared. Fabrication and post-manufacturing challenges presented by the dECM hydrogels decreased mechanical and structural stability are discussed as well as circumvention strategies. We further highlight and provide examples of the use of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and their role in fabricating complex in vitro3D microenvironments.
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- 2023
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47. A New Methodology to Assess Spatial Response Models for Satellite Imagers Using the Optical Design Parameters of a Generic Sensor as Independent Variables
- Author
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Valenzuela, Alvaro Q., Reinke, Karin, and Jones, Simon D.
- Abstract
Several types of analytic models are currently used to estimate the spatial response of satellite imagers, the accuracy of these models being critical for applications requiring precise knowledge about the spatial response of a given imager. The assessment of these models is complicated because the actual spatial response of an imager depends on its optical design, so evaluations based on a single kind of design are inherently biased. To reduce this bias, a new assessment methodology based on a generic imaging sensor is proposed; the key optical design parameters of this sensor are selected as independent variables, so the error of any spatial response model can be computed within a broad domain of possible optical designs. Assuming a generic sensor with an annular optical aperture and square detector elements, the optical factor
$Q$ $\varepsilon $ $Q$ $\varepsilon$ $Q \le0.35$ $\ge0.1$ - Published
- 2023
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48. Development and Validation of Comprehensive Closed Formulas for Atmospheric Delay and Altimetry Correction in Ground-Based GNSS-R
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Nikolaidou, Thalia, Santos, Marcelo C., Williams, Simon D. P., and Geremia-Nievinski, Felipe
- Abstract
Radio wave propagation involved in global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) is subject to atmospheric refraction. Even for ground-based tracking stations, in applications such as coastal sea-level altimetry, the interferometric or reflection-minus-direct effect might be significant. Although atmospheric propagation delays are best investigated numerically via raytracing, including reflections, such a procedure is not trivial. We have developed simpler closed formulas to account for atmospheric refraction in ground-based GNSS-R, validated against independent raytracing. We provide specific expressions for the two components of the atmospheric interferometric delay and corresponding altimetry correction components, parameterized in terms of refractivity and bending angle. Assessment results showed excellent agreement for both components. We define the interferometric slant factor used to map interferometric zenithal delays to individual satellites.
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- 2023
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49. Amendment zur S3-Leitlinie Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen des Erwachsenen/Therapie der residualen Tagesschläfrigkeit bei obstruktiver Schlafapnoe unter Therapie
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Zaremba, Sebastian, Herkenrath, Simon-D., Büttner-Teleagă, A., Kotterba, S., Schöbel, Ch., Weeß, Hans-Günter, and Stuck, Boris A.
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- 2023
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50. Shaping Neonatal Immunization by Tuning the Delivery of Synergistic Adjuvants via Nanocarriers.
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Barman, Soumik, Borriello, Francesco, Brook, Byron, Pietrasanta, Carlo, De Leon, Maria, Sweitzer, Cali, Menon, Manisha, van Haren, Simon D., Soni, Dheeraj, Saito, Yoshine, Nanishi, Etsuro, Yi, Sijia, Bobbala, Sharan, Levy, Ofer, Scott, Evan A., and Dowling, David J.
- Published
- 2022
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