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The article deals with issues related to the management of the sports real estate market resources, with particular emphasis laid on sports stadiums. This market is not studied as often as the residential, office or commercial real estate market segments, which is why it is worth paying more attention to it. The evolution of the approach to sport, followed by the investing and use of sports real estate as a valuable resource of high value, means that increasing attention is being paid to the sports real estate market. The research objective of the article is to analyse and identify key areas of sports facility management, which the success of events organized on such facilities depends on, as well as to examine the requirements for sports facilities. The research used a lot of source information on the scope and standards of sports facility management as well as good practices and recommendations in this area. The following research methods were used in the article: a method of critical analysis of the subject literature on both the real estate market and the sports market, as well as a descriptive and comparative methods to identify the evolution of the main directions of sports property management in the real estate market. Based on the analyses carried out, critical areas of sport facility management have been identified, which the facility manager must focus on, and on which primarily safety and satisfaction of its users depend. In Poland, the sports facility management market is just beginning to develop, hence the topic taken up has excellent potential for further research and analysis within various groups of sports properties (swimming pools, stadiums, golf courses, tennis courts, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a specific type of investment projects that relate to sports infrastructure. The evolution of the approach to sport in combination with the latest architectural achievements find their expression in spectacular modern sports projects belonging to the so-called 'fifth generation of facilities', called stadiums-cities designed as independent spaces with their urban infrastructure. The implementation of such investment projects involves high risk, a large amount of time for project preparation and implementation, and high capital intensity. The research objective of the article is to analyse and identify specific conditions for investing in the sports real estate market based on the example of building large football stadiums referred to as 'megaprojects'. The study used a lot of source information about stadiums built worldwide for the Olympic Games and world and European football championships, taking into account in particular the level of expenditure incurred for their construction as well as innovative design and utility solutions. The following research methods were used in the article: a method of critical analysis of the subject literature on the real estate market as well as on the sports market, descriptive and comparative methods to identify the most significant investment trends on the sports stadium market. As a result of the research conducted, the most important current directions of implementation of architectural and functional solutions of the designed objects were identified, which generally comply with the standards used in other segments of the real estate market and concern in particular multi-functional and compact project and eco-projects, equipped with the latest IT solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) belongs to the Rosaceae family. Besides the leaves (Fragariae folium) and roots (Fragariae radix), the aromatic fruits (Fragariae fructus) of wild strawberry are also herbal materials used in medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the value of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of wild strawberry fruits (Fragaria vesca L). The fruits were analyzed regarding their secondary metabolites contents (flavonoids, sum of phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, DPPH), depending on the origin of the raw material (from natural habitats vs. cultivation). According to the obtained results, raw material originating from natural habitats contained significantly more flavonoids (0.559 mg·g-1), compared to fruits harvested from cultivation (0.472 mg·g-1, on average). Mean concentration of phenolic acids ranged from 1.648 mg·g-1 - 2.348 mg·g-1, although the wild form was characterized by higher levels of examined substances. Tannins are an important fraction of phenolic compounds; their content in studied fruits ranged from 2.2% (from cultivation) - 3.0% (from natural habitats). When comparing the average contents of anthocyanins in the studied materials, it was revealed that remarkably more of these compounds were recorded in wild strawberry fruits harvested from natural habitats vs. those from cultivations: 132 mg·100 g-1 vs. 90 mg·100 g-1. A difference was indicated with respect to the ability of DPPH radical reduction to diphenylpicrylhydrazine by extracts made of examined fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complicated legal status of land properties in Poland connected with some of them lacking clearly defined development conditions leads to investors taking risks when purchasing land for investments, who often hope to pay a lower than average market price for such a real estate. The aim of the article is an attempt to assess planning conditions risk taken by investors by the analysis of transaction prices of land properties. In this context, the research question of whether the lack of clearly defined development conditions for land carries over onto lower prices of land plots purchased by investors was posed. This is a reference to studies carried out in the years 2008–2015. Conducted in the article will be a comparative analysis of land property prices from areas characterized by with varying planning conditions. The analyses make use of causal models with a single dependent variable – accounting for differences in (un)defined development conditions. The carried out analysis for areas of two communes from the suburban zone of the city of Bydgoszcz showed that the buyers of real estate perceive a difference in the planning conditions of the purchased building plots. Those which have clearly defined development conditions are attributed with higher values. Land without defined development conditions, in Poland under only a study of conditions and directions of spatial development, are attributed with lower values. Recognizing the above relationships is necessary when taking investment decisions and making proper assumptions in the land property valuation procedure. • The lack of defined development conditions, that is uncertain planning assumptions, lead to a greater investment risk. • The buyers of real estate perceive a difference in the planning conditions of the purchased building plots. • Planning conditions risk is reflected in the lower prices paid for real estate. • The analysis of transaction prices of land properties are helpful in assessing the risk of planning conditions. • Space with clearly defined development conditions shapes spatial order and is positively perceived by investors and buyers of land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For 40 years many studies have been conducted to verify the connection between serum uric acid concentration and cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, it remains unclear which form of uric acid – prooxidant or antioxidant – could be a predictive marker of cardiovascular disease, especially in patients after myocardial infarction. It is well-known that uric acid is an organic compound and the water-soluble final product of purine catabolism, which is catalysed by xanthine oxidoreductase and excreted by kidneys. An increased concentration of UA in human plasma leads to diseases like tumours, renal disorders, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycythaemia vera, haemolytic anaemias, ischemia, oxidative stress, and rare genetic disorders connected with UA degradation. Epidemiological studies have shown that UA might be a marker of oxidative stress, progression of inflammation, or renal disease. A fortiori, it is possible that could also be a predictor for short/long-term survival of patients with CVD. Evidence provided by multiple studies is controversial and mutually exclusive. Among 71 studies the most of them found an independent association between SUA and CVD risk. Some of those studies confirm that CVD risk is higher in women who had elevated SUA levels. On the other hand, many studies reached the opposite conclusion and did not find any relationship between SUA and CVD mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For 40 years many studies have been conducted to verify the connection between serum uric acid concentration and cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, it remains unclear which form of uric acid - prooxidant or antioxidant - could be a predictive marker of cardiovascular disease, especially in patients after myocardial infarction. It is well-known that uric acid is an organic compound and the water-soluble final product of purine catabolism, which is catalysed by xanthine oxidoreductase and excreted by kidneys. An increased concentration of UA in human plasma leads to diseases like tumours, renal disorders, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycythaemia vera, haemolytic anaemias, ischemia, oxidative stress, and rare genetic disorders connected with UA degradation. Epidemiological studies have shown that UA might be a marker of oxidative stress, progression of inflammation, or renal disease. A fortiori, it is possible that could also be a predictor for short/long-term survival of patients with CVD. Evidence provided by multiple studies is controversial and mutually exclusive. Among 71 studies the most of them found an independent association between SUA and CVD risk. Some of those studies confirm that CVD risk is higher in women who had elevated SUA levels. On the other hand, many studies reached the opposite conclusion and did not find any relationship between SUA and CVD mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]