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In this article, the authors focus on the effect of Lactococcus lactis showing avian infectious bronchitis virus multi-epitope peptide EpiC on immune responses in chicken. They inform that oral and nasal inoculation of Lactococcus lactis in chickens elicited high mucosal and humoral immune responses. They mention that nasally immunized chickens do not show any clinical signs of bronchitis virus.

The article presents the findings of a research conducted on developing the oral vaccines against the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in chickens. It states that bacterial strain Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 was utilized as a vector for the production of peptide EpiC, which can be used as an effective anti-IBV serum. The research indicates that Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be utilized as mucosal tools to deliver heterologous antigens in animal immunization.